新视野研究生英语读说写2-课后习题答案

Fourshortwordssumupwhathasliftedmostsuccessfulindividualsabovethecrowd:alittlebitmore.------------------------------------------author------------------------------------------date新视野研究生英语读说写2-课后习题 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 读说写2Unitone读说写2Unitone----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------读说写2Unitone--------------------------------------------------新视野研究生英语读说写2课后习题答案Unit1VocabularyA1.triggered2.economically3.minimum4.commitment5.relieved6.shrinking7.enrollments8.scarcely9.sequence10.strideB1-5ADBCB6-10ACACDCloze1.requires2.dimensional3.thoughtfully4.lines5.next6.summarize7.own8.notes9.out10.refuse11.front12.content13.act14.value15.accent16.distracting17.effort18.advantage19.forth20.conclusionsTranslation[A]1.那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。Theprofessormightprobablyhavedeliveredhislecturetotheemptyclassroomintheabsenceofhissolitarystudent.2.现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。Thepresenteducationalsystemhasbeenunderattackfromthepublic,whohavebeguntorealizetheharmthesystemhasdonetostudents.3.老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。Theprofessortoldthoseseniorsthathewouldtakeattendanceeverytimebecauseattendanceatthiscoursewascompulsory.4.我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去,因为我有一大堆事情要做。I’dlovetogotoyourhousewarmingparty,butI’msorryIcan’tmakeitbecauseI’vegotastackofthingstodo.5.中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。Youthswhodroppedoutofmiddleschoolcanresumetheirstudiesatnightschoolorthroughtelevisionandcorrespondencecourses.6.她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。Shedidn’tlikethefamouswriter’slecture,butshestuckitouttogetthewriter’sautographafterthelecture.7.我对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，并耐心等待成为大三的学生。Iwasdisappointedattheimpersonalityofthelecturesystem,buteventuallyIgrewresignedtothesystemandwaitedpatientlytobecomeajunior.8.我们不得不承认讲座体制会把教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，而这些问题很可能会引起学生很多有用的想法。Wehavetoadmitthatthelecturesysteminsulatesateacherfromstudents’naivequestions,whichcouldhavetriggeredalineofusefulthought.9.我不同意那些评论家的意见。你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。对我而言，这些结论很有道理。Idon’tagreewiththosecritics’opinions.Yourconclusionsarefarfromworthless;theymakeagooddealofsensetome.10.为了学生本身的缘故，应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，内容以及要通过这门课的要求。Forthesakeofthestudents,theyshouldbetoldonthefirstclassabouttheobjectiveandcontentofthecourseandtherequirementstopassthecourse.[B]Oneproblemwithlecturesisthatlisteningintelligentlyishardwork.Readingthesamematerialinatextbookisamoreefficientwaytolearnbecausestudentscanproceedasslowlyastheyneedtountilthesubjectmatterbecomescleartothem.Evensimplypayingattentionisverydifficult;peoplecanlistenatarateoffourhundredtosixhundredwordsaminute,whilethemostimpassionedprofessortalksatscarcelyathirdofthatspeed.Thistimelagbetweenspeechandcomprehensionleadstodaydreaming.Manystudentsbelieveyearsofwatchingtelevisionhavesabotagedtheirattentionspan,buttheirrealproblemisthatlisteningattentivelyismuchharderthantheythink.(Para.9)听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。Lectureswillneverentirelydisappearfromtheuniversityscenebothbecausetheyseemtobeeconomicallynecessaryandbecausetheyspringfromalongtraditioninasettingthatvaluestraditionforitsownsake.Butthelecturestoofrequentlycomeatthewrongendofthestudents’educationalcareers—duringthefirsttwoyears,whentheymostneedclose,evenindividual,instruction.Iflectureclasseswererestrictedtojuniorsandseniors,whoarelessinneedofscholarlynurturingandmoreabletoprepareworkontheirown,theywouldbefarlessdestructiveofstudents’interestsandenthusiasmsthanthepresentsystem.Afterall,studentsmustlearntolistenbeforetheycanlistentolearn.(Para.15)讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。Unit2VocabularyA1.studded2.mischief3.evoked4.tyranny5.humdrum6.prelude7.Frugal8.frail9.treacherous10.foraysB1-5BCCAD6-10ACBADCloze1.boarders2.build3.extended4.right5.regular6.familiar7.by8.homely9.mobile10.maintaining11.keep12.even13.well14.touch15.closer16.fewer17.sense18.step19.waiting20.imaginationTranslation[A]1.这一地区的每一角落都将在5年内得到供电,这是电力部长2年前许下的诺言。Everynookandcorneroftheregionwouldbeprovidedwithelectricityinfiveyears.Thiswasthepledgethattheministerofelectricityhadtakentwoyearsago.2.由于要在不同地区做实地考察工作,他去年一年搬了4次家，虽然他每次都搬得很不情愿。Inordertodofieldworkatdifferentplaces,hemovedfourtimeslastyear,thougheachtimehediditwithanillgrace.3.在离开这个杂乱无序、毒品充斥的小镇前，他把自己所有值钱的家当都放到一起并按一定的秩序存放了起来。Beforeleavingthisdisordered,drug-riddensmalltown,hegatheredtogetherinoneplaceallhisvaluablepossessionsandintroducedsomesemblanceoforderamongthem.4.她小时候家境贫寒，没有几件对她来说有意义的东西,所以她拥有过的每一个玩具都能勾起她串串回忆。Herfamilywaspoorwhenshewasachild.Thethingsthatmatteredagreatdealtoherwereveryfew.Therefore,everytoyshehadplayedwithcouldevokearushofmemories.5.整整一个小时，警察们在拥挤的楼群里艰难地行进，寻找一位射杀了5人的在逃持枪者。Foranhour,policementhreadedtheirwaythroughthecrowdedbuildings,lookingforanelusivegunmanwhohadshotfivepeople.6.对很多人来说，旅行或离家外出一段时日是应对日常单调乏味生活的一个有效手段。Formanypeople,travelingorstayingawayfromhomeforsometimeisaneffectiveantidotetothehumdrumactivitiesofeverydaylife.7.当今妇女比以前享有更加自由、独立的地位，因此她们越来越不愿意屈从于丈夫的专横暴虐。Womentodayenjoyafreer,moreindependentpositionthaneverbefore,andareaccordinglylessandlesswillingtosubmittothetyrannyoftheirhusbands.8.心绞痛常常是心脏病的前兆，需要特别治疗，主要是药物治疗。Anginapectorisisoftenapreludetoaheartattackandrequiresspecialtreatment,primarilywithdrugs.9.我们决定挖空这些大圆木，以便更多的人能坐在里面并乘坐他们顺河而下。Wedecidetohollowoutthegreatlogssothatmoremencouldsitinsidethemandrideinthemdowntheriver.10.这场大火把宫殿里所有东西都毁掉了。没有一件华丽的镶嵌着金银的家具幸存下来。Thefiredestroyedeverythinginthepalace.Nothingofthemagnificentfurniture,studdedwithgoldandsilver,hassurvived.[B]Mostofusassociateverystronglywiththeplaceofourbirthortheplacewehavelearnedtocallhome.Itcanhurtverymuchnottobeabletogotherephysicallyinordertofeelsecure.我们大多数人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方紧密相联。不能回家以获得安全感是令人痛苦的。Otherstudentsareveryexcitedinthebeginningonlytofind,afterseveralweeks,thattheyarestartingtomisswhatwasfamiliarandwishforavisitwithfriendsandfamily.别的学生一开始很兴奋，几周后却发现自己开始想念所熟知的事物，并希望见到朋友和家人。Homesicknesscanstrikeanyofuswhenwehavemovedtonewsurroundingsandarebeingcalledupontomeetourneedsinadifferentwayandwithdifferentpeople.当我们搬迁到新的环境，需要以不同方式与不同的人交往以满足自己的需要的时候,我们每个人都会有想家的感觉Sometimesitcanbecomeamoreseriousdepressionifthepersoncannotbegintomeethis/herneedsforloveandbelongingwithnewpeople.有时，如果这个人开始对爱的需要不能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现,那么想家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。Often,homesicknessisanotherwayofsayingwearescaredtofacethefuture,orthatwe’redoubtingourabilitytocope.通常,想家是另一种表明我们害怕面对未来或怀疑自己应对能力的方式。Unit3VocabularyA1.prime2.components3.derived4.biodiversity5.monoculture6.uncounted7.multiplied8.captivity9.legislation10.conservationB1-5ACDBD6-10ACBBDCloze1.contain2.isolation3.different4.only5.major6.urban7.natural8.native9.extensively10.dramatic11.extinction12.contributed13.numerous14.developing15.important16.storing17.maintains18.view19.survive20.claimTranslation[A]1.由生物多样性的丧失而引起的对人类和地球的威胁和由气候变化所带来的危险一样大。Thethreattohumanityandtheplanetposedbybiodiversitylossisasgreatasthedangerspresentedbyclimatechange.2.收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关心的信，并询问他们能帮助做什么，我们总是很高兴。Wearealwayshappytohearfromyoungreadersexpressingconcernforanimalsincaptivityandaskingwhattheycandotohelp.3.这两个最盛行的理论都认为恐龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。Thetwomostpopulartheoriesbothsaythatdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheearth’satmosphereandtemperature.4.这场森林大火最终被消防队所控制住了，花费将近50万美元。Theforestfirewasfinallybroughtundercontrolbythefire-fightingcrewsatacostofnearlyhalfamilliondollars.5.植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。Plantrootscanholdthesoilinpositionandpreventitfrombeingwashedawaybytherainwater.6.健康的生态系统以能源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可持续更替为特点。Healthyecosystemsarecharacterizedbysustainableturnoversofenergy,nutrients,organicmatterandwater.7.在世界野生动物基金会一份新的 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 中，科学家警告说全球变暖可能在今后20年中灭绝北极熊。InanewreportbytheWWF,scientistshavewarnedthatglobalwarmingcouldkilloffpolarbearswithinthenext20years.8.犁过的地对流水没有防范能力，因而珍贵的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。Plowedfieldsdon’thaveanyprotectionagainstrunningwater,andoftenthevaluabletopsoiliscarriedawayduringheavyrainsorfloods.9.这个花园比前两天要安静多了，但周围还是有很多各式各样的鸟。Thegardenwasconsiderablyquieterthanithadbeentheprevioustwodays,buttherewerestillagoodvarietyofbirdsaround.10.尽管有不同的预计，但总体上人们认为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大约30%到40%是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。Whileestimatesdiffer,itisgenerallybelievedthataround30%–40%oftheactiveingredientsusedinmodernmedicinesarederivedfrom,orrelatedto,plants.[B]Oneofthesereasonsisthateachlife-formoccupiesaspecialplacewithinitsecosystem—thatis,itscommunityofplantandanimallife,incombinationwiththenonlivingcomponentsofitsenvironmentsuchastheclimate,soil,water,andair.Forinstance,withinaforestthelargertreesdropofflittletwigsanddebris,makingalayerthatholdswaterinthesoilforotherplantstouse.Therootsholdthesoilandpreventitfromwashingawayinrainstorms.Whetherlivingordead,thetreeprovidesshelterforanimalsandbirdsandfoodforinsects.Asthedeadtreerotsaway,itenrichesthesoiloftheforestfloor,enablingotherplantstospringupinitsplace.Suchlargetreesareanexampleofwhatwecallkeystonespecies;iftheydisappearedfromtheirecosystem,theconsequenceswouldbefeltthroughoutthecommunityofotherspecieslivingintheforest.“Thelossofakeystonespeciesislikeadrillaccidentallystrikingapowerline,”saysbiologistEdwardWilsonofHarvardUniversity.“Itcauseslightstogooutallover.”Duringthecurrentsixthgreatextinction,threespeciesoflife-formsaredyingouteveryhour,or74perday,whichequals27,000eachyear.Someofthese—andwedon’tevenknowwhichones—areundoubtedlykeystonespecies.(Para.8)理由之一是，每个物种在它所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。例如，在森林中，较高的树掉下的残枝在土壤中形成一个水份保持层，供其它植物利用。它们的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被暴雨冲走。无论是活树还是枯树都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，为昆虫提供食物。枯树腐烂以后还可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物从原处拔地而出。这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种；如果它们从生态系统中消失，其后果会遍及所有居住在森林的其它物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊说：“一个主要物种的消失就像钻头意外地钻断电线，导致四处断电。”在当前第六次“大灭绝”时期，每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有74个物种灭绝，每年合计达27,000个。其中有些物种——虽然我们不确定是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。Unit4VocabularyA1.institutional2.burgeoning3.envision4.marginal5.encompass6.outsource7.prowess8.shunned9.assimilating10.forgoB1-5BCADA6-10BDCCACloze1.previous2.created3.traits4.giving5.include6.to7.face8.when9.Waste10.with11.offer12.Seriously13.fluid14.rigid15.play16.initiative17.for18.assure19.Stay20.aloneTranslation[A]1.经过五年的实践,他现在对同国际投资和贸易相关的法律事务已很在行了。Havingpracticedforabout5years,heisnowadeptatlegalissuesrelatingtointernationalinvestmentandtrade.2.根据一项调查，X一代对退休后依靠社会保障持怀疑态度。和先辈们相比，他们早已开始在为退休而省钱了。Accordingtoasurvey,GenXersareskepticalaboutrelyingonSocialSecuritywhentheyretire.Theybegansavingforretirementearlycomparedwiththeirpredecessors.3.通过这种轻松舒适的脚摩治疗，你白天所有的烦恼压力好象都消失了。Allthecaresandstressesofyourdayseemtofadeawayundertherelaxingandcomfortabletreatmentoffootmassage.4.研究表明大部分员工都很看重他们卓有成效的工作能够得到认可或赞赏。Studiesshowthatmostemployeesplaceahighvalueonbeingrecognizedorbeingcomplementedforajobwelldone.5.急诊室里挤满了来看常见病的病人，因为他们没有固定的医生。Emergencyroomswerecloggedwithpatientswhocamefortreatmentofrelativelyroutinemedicalproblemsbecausetheydidn’thavearegulardoctor.6.任何一个试图训练或帮助一名新技术经理转变角色成为领导的人都可以从这本 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中获得有用的想法。Anyonetryingtocoachorhelpanewtechnicalmanagermakethetransitiontoaleadershiprolecangetusefulideasfromthisbook.7.大多数时候如果你走捷径完成一个项目，结果则需要你做一些修补工作,而其所花的时间会是你走捷径所省下的时间的两倍。Mostofthetimewhenyoutakeashortcutforcompletingaprojectyouwillendupdoingsomerepairworklaterthatwilltakedoublethetimeyousavedbytheshortcut.8.那些不能在个人和职业生活之间设置合理界限的员工是不能理解生活和工作的意义的。Employeeswhofailtosetappropriateboundariesbetweentheirpersonalandprofessionalliveswillnotbeabletounderstandthemeaningoflifeandwork.9.这一运动的目的是训练人们在面对危险时有序而职业地作出反应。Thepurposeoftheexercisewastotrainstafftoreactinadisciplinedandprofessionalmannerwheninthepresenceofdanger.10.大多数X一代人都有放弃职业发展而花费更多时间来陪妻子和孩子的愿望,特别是在他们孩子还小的那几年。MostGenXershavethedesiretoforgocareeradvancementformoretimewiththeirwifeandchildren,especiallyintheearlyyearsoftheirchildren’slives.[B]GenXers,ontheotherhand,watchedthesacrificesthattheirparentsmadetomoveupthecareerladder,onlytobemetwithmassivelayoffsinAmericancorporations.然而，X一代人目睹了他们的父母为了职业晋升而做出牺牲，结果却遭遇了美国公司的大量裁员。Thesedifferentperspectivescanoftenleadtoclashesintheworkplace.Eachgroupispronetogeneralizationsabouttheother.这些不同的观点视角常常导致工作中的冲突。他们彼此都易于把对方概念化。GenXersseenoreasontopaytheirduesbecausetheycangetthejobdonebetterandfasterandstillhavetimefortheirlifestylesandfamily.X一代人认为自己没有理由要尽职苦干，因为他们能把工作做得又好又快，而且仍有时间来休闲和陪伴家人。Somewouldsaytheonlysolutionisthelegalsystem,whereage-biaslawsuitsmayriseasboomersage.有人会说唯一的解决办法是通过司法体系，因为随着婴儿潮时期的人不断变老，与年龄歧视有关的诉讼可能会增加。Buthistorywillrepeatitselfasthebabyboomersleavetheworkforce,theGenXersrisetopowerandgenerationYemployeescomeonthescene.但是，历史就是如此循还往复—随着婴儿潮时期出生的人开始退休，X一代开始掌权，Y一代开始步入社会。Unit5VocabularyA1.reproduction2.parenting3.setback4.compensate5.subsidy6.longevity7.offset8.avail9.norms10.constraintsB1-5ADBCA6-10ABDCCCloze1.Translation[A]1.人们认为年轻人最好在事业有成之后再结婚，过安定的生活。Itisconsidereddesirableforyoungpeopletogetmarriedandsettledownonlyaftertheyareestablishedintheirjobs.2.她的丈夫是个非常顾家的人，每天都花很多时间做饭,打扫卫生、照顾三个正在上学的孩子。Herhusbandisaverydomesticperson,spendingalotoftimeeverydayincooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirthreeschool-agechildren.3.现在的年轻人具有与他们的父母截然不同的价值观和期望，他们认为个人享乐比家庭责任更重要。Today’syoungpeoplehavecompletelydifferentvaluesandexpectationsfromtheirparents,givinghigherprioritytopersonalpleasureoverfamilyobligations.4.从社会角度看，妇女一辈子当全职家庭主妇是不明智的，更不要说受过良好教育的妇女了。Fromsociety’sviewpoint,itdoesnotmakesenseforwomen,muchlesswelleducatedwomen,tobefull-timehomemakersforalifetime.5.二十几岁的单身男女认为同居是婚前考察未来伴侣品质、习惯的途径。可是婚前同居已证明与较高的离婚风险相关联。Singlesintheirtwentiesseecohabitationasawaytoinvestigateaprospectivepartner’scharacterandhabitsbeforemarriage.Butpremaritalcohabitationhasproventobeassociatedwithahigherdivorcerisk.6.为了儿童的福利，政府应该制定政策，为父母提供兼职、临时和弹性工作时间的工作机会以及带薪育儿假。Intheinterestofchildwelfare,governmentshouldinstitutepoliciestoprovidepart-time,temporaryandflextimejobopportunitiesandpaidparentalleaveforparents.7.着眼于建立牢固持久的婚姻关系，夫妻在发生摩擦时应该相互体谅。Withaneyetowardformingstrongandlastingmaritalunions,couplesshouldmakeallowancesforeachother,whenthereisfrictionbetweenthem.8.考虑到离婚率很高，已婚母亲如果长期脱离劳动力市场就将自担风险——一旦她们的婚姻以离婚告终，她们将遭受严重的经济损失。Giventhehighdivorcerate,marriedmothersleavethelabormarketforanextendedperiodoftimeattheirownperil—theywillsuffersevereeconomiclossiftheirmarriageendsindivorce.9.父母与子女之间的关系是一种非常特殊的关系。父母为子女所做出的牺牲是无法用金钱补偿的。Thebondbetweenchildandparentisaveryspecialone.Moneycannotmakeupforthesacrificesparentshavemadefortheirchildren.10.劳动人口中男女平等日益增强为女性在事业上实现自己的抱负提供了史无前例的机遇。Increasinggenderequalityintheworkforceprovideswomenhistoricallyunprecedentedopportunitiesforpersonalfulfillmentintheircareers.[B]Malebreadwinningandfemalechildrearinghavebeenthepatternofsociallifethroughouthistory,albeitnotalwaysinquitesoextremeaformasfoundinmodernsocietiesoverthepastcenturyandahalf.Exceptperhapsforadultpair-bondsinwhichnoyoungchildrenareinvolved,wheremuchsocialexperimentationispossible,itisfoolhardytothinkthatthenuclearfamilycanorshouldbeentirelyscrapped.Whenchildrenbecomeapartoftheequation,fundamentalbiologicalandsocialconstraintscomeintoplay—suchastheimportanceofmotherstoyoungchildren—andcentralelementsofthenuclearfamilyaredismissedatsociety’speril.Ratherthanstriveforandrogynyandbecontinuouslyfrustratedandunsettledbyourlackofachievementofit,wewoulddomuchbettertomorereadilyacknowledge,accommodate,andappreciatetheverydifferentneeds,sexualinterests,values,andgoalsofeachsex.Andratherthantheunisexpursuitof“freedomwithamalebias,”weshouldbedoingmoretofosteracultureinwhichthetraditionalfemalevaluesofrelationshipandcaringaregivenahigherpriorityandrespect.(Para.13)男人挣钱养家、女人生儿育女是有史以来天经地义的社会生活模式，虽然这种模式并不总如过去一个半世纪现代社会中表现得那样极端。也许除了在没有年幼儿童的成人伴侣中可以进行很多社会实验，认为核心家庭可以或者应该被完全抛弃是极其鲁莽的。当孩子成为综合考虑因素的一部分时，基本的生理和社会限制就开始发挥作用——比如母亲对幼小儿童的重要性——如果抛弃核心家庭的中心元素，社会将会承担极大的风险。与其努力同时承担男性挣钱养家和女性生儿育女的双重责任，并为自己不能达到目的而不断地感到失望和不安，不如我们更坦然地承认、考虑、并欣赏不同性别的截然不同的需求、性兴趣、价值观和目标，这样我们会做得更好。与其不分男女都追求“具有男性偏向的自由”，我们应该做更多的工作来促进一种社会文化：给予注重家庭亲情关系和养育子女的传统女性价值观更多的重视和尊重。Inamuchmodifiedform,then,traditionalmaritalgenderrolesarenecessaryifthegoodofsociety—andofindividuals—aretobeadvanced.(Para.14)因此，如果要推进社会以及个人的利益，经过改良的传统婚姻性别角色是必要的。Unit6VocabularyA1.deplored2.pervades3.requisite4.Workaholics5.hereditary6.extravagant7.crave8.mania9.one-upmanship10.overwhelmB1-5CBDBA6-10DCBACCloze1.probing2.factors3.degree4.afford5.extra6.average7.complicated8.skyrocket9.static10.boost11.colleague12.seek13.accept14.rate15.close16.aspiration17.beyond18.size19.fail20.satisfyingTranslation[A]1.在追求幸福的过程中，人们注定要遭受许多挫折。Peoplearepreordainedtosuffermanyfrustrationsintheirquestforhappiness.2.美国是一个雄心勃勃的民族。各行各界的人们都面临着力求出类拔萃的激烈竞争压力。Americanisanambitiousnation.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifefacethepressureoffiercecompetitiontoexcel.3.当天买卖股票投机是一种危险的谋财之道。Daytradingisadangerouswayoftryingtomakeafortune.4.数百万人怀着暴发致富的幻想花钱买彩票。Millionsofpeoplehaveafantasyaboutgettingrichquickandspendmoneyonlotteries.5.人们担心如果军备竞赛失控，世界局势将进一步恶化Thereisafearthatifthearmsracegetsoutofhand,theworldsituationwillbeworseoff.6.为了保护自己免遭失败的痛苦就放弃自己的抱负是不明智的。Itisnotsensibletogiveupone’sownambitioninordertoshieldoneselffromthebitternessoffailure.7.许多人拼命挣钱，因为金钱可以买到大房子、小汽车、大屏幕电视以及其他被认为代表地位和身份的消费品。Manypeoplestraintoearnmoneybecausemoneycanbuybighouses,cars,big-screenTVsandotherconsumerproductswhichareconsideredsymbolsofstatusandidentity.8.为了实现我们的抱负而努力奋斗是值得的。Itpaystoexertourselvestofulfillourownambitions.9.十年前大多数中国人还买不起的手机现在已成为很普及的生活必需品。Thecellphone,whichwasbeyondthereachofthemajorityoftheChinesepeopleadecadeago,hasnowbecomeawidelyowneddailynecessity.10.自从得到了晋升以后，她就表现得自命不凡。不过在我看来，她只不过是个微不足道的小人物。Sheactsasifsheweresomeonesinceshewaspromoted.Buttome,sheisamerenobody.[B]AmbitionisoneofthoseRorschachwords:defineitandyouinstantlyrevealagreatdealaboutyourself.1)Eventhemostneutralofworks,Webster’s,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,givesitselfaway,definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fame,orpower.”即使是最中立的著作《韦伯斯特词典》也暴露了它自己的追求目标，它在其新大学版第七版中将雄心首先定义为“一种追求地位、荣誉或权利的热切欲望”。Ardentimmediatelyassumesaheatincommensuratewithgoodsenseandstability,andrank,fame,andpowerhavecomeunderfairlyheavyattackforatleastacentury.“热切”这个词立刻呈现出与理智的判断和沉稳的心态所不相称的热烈情绪，而地位、荣誉和权利也在至少长达一个世纪的时间里一直受到相当猛烈的抨击。Onecan,afterall,beambitiousforthepublicgood,forthealleviationofsuffering,fortheenlightenmentofmankind,…然而毕竟一个人可以立志于促进公共的利益，减轻人们的痛苦，或是启迪人类的思想。Thefamilywouldbecomesuperfluousasasocialunit,withallitsformerpowerforbringingaboutneurosisdrainedaway.家庭将成为多余的社会单位，不再具有以前能够带给人们焦虑和恐惧的力量。Longevitywouldbeincreased,forfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbytumultuousendeavor.人们的寿命将会延长，因为越来越少的人会死于由拼命工作而引起的心脏病和中风。Unit7VocabularyA1.metaphor2.intrusion3.crackdown4.lawsuit5.subscription6.wither7.jurisdiction8.nasty9.band10.presideB1-5AABCC6-10ADDBDTranslation[A]1.美国人渴望新的未开发地带，在那里他们可以摆脱任何束缚，自由自在。Americanshankerafternewfrontierswheretheycanbefreeofanyconstraintsandbethemselves.2.令年轻人神往的正是在网上冲浪时获得的那种自由的感觉。Whatcapturesyoungpeople’simaginationispreciselythesenseoffreedomtheygetwhilesurfingtheInternet.3.不论种族、文化和社会经济地位，每个人都能够在网络空间找到一个由与自己志趣相投的人所组成的社区。Regardlessoftheirrace,cultureandsocioeconomicstatus,everyonecanfindacommunityoflikemindedpeopleincyberspace.4.虚拟社区宁愿由自己而不是由世俗政府建立和执行社区行为规范。Virtualcommunitiesprefertosetandenforcecommunitystandardsbythemselvesratherthanbytheterrestrialgovernment.5.网络空间类似于现实世界，包括从购物中心、学校区到红灯区等各种各样的地方。Cyberspaceisakintotheterrestrialworld,whichincludesvariousplacesrangingfromshoppingmalls,schooldistrictstored-lightzones.6.只有满足自己成员需要的网络社区才能够繁荣兴旺。Onlycyberspacecommunitiesthatcatertotheneedsoftheirmemberswillprosper.7.随着远距离通信技术的发展，世界不久将联合成为一个地球村。Withthedevelopmentoftelecommunicationstechnology,theunionoftheworldintoaglobalvillageisathand.8.免费下载知识财产在互联网使用者中十分普遍。ItisprevalentamongInternetuserstodownloadintellectualpropertiesforfree.9.互联网上的讨论组主持人的职责是防止广告和无关信息进入论坛。ThejobofthemoderatorofadiscussiongroupontheInternetistokeepoutadvertisementsandunrelatedmaterialsoftheforum.10.言论自由的拥护者往往贸然断定任何形式的政府管理都将妨碍他们的自由。Advocatesoffreespeechtendtojumptotheconclusionthatanyformofgovernmentregulationwillinterferewiththeirfreedom.[B]What’suniqueaboutcyberspaceisthatitliberatesusfromthetyrannyofgovernment,whereeveryonelivesbytheruleofthemajority.Inademocracy,minoritygroupsandminoritypreferencestendtogetsqueezed