杰斐逊的遗训

Unit3LessonsfromJefferson杰斐逊的遗训I.WordStudy1.source,origine.g.We’llhavetofindanewsourceofincome. Theoriginofthecustomisunknown. AncientGreeceiscalledtheoriginofWesternCivilization. cf.origin:血统，出身2.personal(1)   doneinperson亲自的 e.g.PersonalinterviewisanimportantstepinapplyingforanyMBAprogram. TheMayorpaidapersonalvisittotheoldmanwhowascelebratinghis100thbirthday.(2) belongingtoaperson个人的e.g.Thesuitcasecontainsallhispersonalbelongings. Personalviewsareexpressedinthenewspaper’s“LetterstotheEditor”.(3) (ofthingssaid)directedagainst;rude人身的，涉及个人的，攻击人的 e.g.Arealgentlemanisabovepersonalattacks. It’simpolitetoasksuchpersonalquestionsasage,maritalstatus,andsalary.3. appoint,namee.g.ThePresidentappointedanewcabinetmember. Hewasappointedtoauniversitychair. Whenwilltheynameasuccessor? Hewasnamedcaptainoftheteam.4.capitol(美国的州议会大厦), Capitol(美国的国会大厦), capital(首都，首府，省会)5.refuse,decline,reject e.g.Iwonderwhyherefusedtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting. Severalsoldiersrefusedtoobeytheorder. Theblindmansmilinglydeclinedtobehelpedacrossthestreet. Sherejectedhismarriageproposal. Theboardrejectedallourideas.6.hesitate,pausee.g.Don’thesitateindoingwhatyoubelieveisgoodandcorrect. Ihesitatetopaysomuchforasuit. Shepausedatthedooroutoffear. Afterposingthedifficultquestion,theteacherpausedandlookedexpectantlyatus.7.prefer(vt.)choose(onething)ratherthan(another)更喜欢；宁愿 e.g.Iprefertypingtowritingbyhand. I’dprefertohavesomethingtoeat/thatwehadsomethingtoeatbeforewestart. Weprefersportsmanshipovercompetitioninanysportsmeet.8. agreement(n.)(1)havingthesameopinion(s)同意；一致 e.g.Thetwocountriesareinagreementonthatissue. Thepeacemakerfailedtobringthetwowarringstatesintoagreement.(2) arrangementorunderstandingmadebytwoormorepersons,groups,governments,etc. 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ，协定 e.g.Compromisesmustbemadebeforewemake/reach/arriveat/cometoanagreement. Theagreementwillnotcomeintoeffectuntilbothpartiessignit.9.action(n.)(1) thingdone;act行动过程；行动；行为；活动 e.g.UnnecessarydeathsoccurredbecauseHamletdelayedactionrepeatedly. Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(2) influence作用 e.g.Theactionofacertaindrugonhumanhealthmustbefullytestedbeforeitgoesonthemarket.10. existence(n.)(1)   thestateofexisting存在 e.g.DoyoubelieveintheexistenceofUFOs? Thatcustomcameintoexistenceover500yearsago. HitleronceplannedtoputtheJewishraceoutofexistence.(2) mannerofliving生活，生活方式 e.g.Allpeopleareworkinghardforabetterexistence. SometimesIenvythemorons(痴愚者),theyseemtoleadsuchahappyexistence. II.LanguagePoints(Reference背景知识)1. obtain(vt.)getthrougheffort获得 e.g.Theoldwomanwhoobtainedherdegreeattheageof74wonrespectfromothers. Thetoppoliticiantravelednon-stoptoobtainsupportforhisnewproposal.2.bybirth:sofarasfamilyoriginornationalityisconcerned在血统上；生来，天生地 e.g.HeisBritishbybirth,buthewasborninFrance. AJapanesebybirth,hehadaChinesechildhoodandanAmericanadolescence.3. humble(a.)(1) lowinposition地位低下的，卑贱的 e.g.Havingahumblejoballhislife,heiseagertopleaseothers. Napoleon’shumbleorigindidnotstophispoliticalambition.(2)havingamodestopinionofoneself谦虚的，谦逊的 e.g.IwassurprisedtofindEinsteintobesuchahumbleperson. Inmyhumbleopinion,yourMajesty,itistimeforthePrincetoimprovehisimage.4. gooutofone’sway(todosth.):makeaspecialeffortorexertonselfmorethanusual(todosth.)特地；故意 e.g.Janewentoutofherwaytobenicetothenewcomer. Bothpartiesaregoingoutoftheirwaytoreachacompromise.5. threaten(vt.)(1)hangoverdangerously;utterathreatagainst威胁，恐吓 e.g.Giantpandasarethreatenedwithextinction. Destructionoftheecosystemthreatenedhumanlife. OliverTwistwasthreatenedintostealing. Thehijackerthreatenedtokillthepilot.(2)givewarningof是。。。的征兆 e.g.Thedarkcloudsthreatenedrain. Itthreatenstorain.6. error(n.)mistakeorsth.donewrongly错误，差错 e.g.Althoughitishumantoerr,wemustmake/commitasfewerrorsaspossible. Inteladmittedthattherewassomeerrorinthecomputerchipsithadthusfarmanufactured. Thedictionarysellsbadlyfortoomanyprintingerrors.7. false(a.)(1) nottrueorcorrect不真实的，错误的 e.g.Thespyenteredenemyterritoryonafalseidentity. Theymusthavegivenafalsealarm.Nothingunusualhappened.(2)notgenuine,artificial假的，伪造的 e.g.falseteeth/hair/passports/coins(3) insincere不忠实的，虚伪的 e.g.“IwouldlovetodoasmuchasIcould,”thispoliticianrespondedwithfalseenthusiasm.8. leave(vt.)giveintothecareorchargeofsomeone把。。。交给；委托 e.g.I’llleaveittoyoutosettleallthebusiness.(or:I’llleaveyoutosettleallthebusiness.) Thetaskisleftforyoutofulfill. Allright,leaveittome. Note:leavesb.sth./leavesth.withsb./leavesth.tosb.9.latter(n.)(“thelatter”,contrastedwith“theformer”)thesecondoftwopersonsorthingsjustspoken后者e.g.Ofwhitemeatandredmeat,thelatterismorefatteningthantheformer.Itisashamethatsomeartistscannottelltheuglyfromthebeautiful,andevenregardtheformerasthelatter.(a.)nearertotheendofaperiod后面的；后半的 e.g.Thelatterdaysoftheartistwerespentintrainingyoungpainters. Theremightbemoreraininthelatterpartofthisyear.10. conflict(v.)beopposed;clash冲突 e.g.Yourtwostatementsconflictwitheachother. Itisreportedthatsomeworkersonstrikeconflictedwiththepolice.(n.)disagreement;clash;fight e.g.Thetwocompaniescomeintofrequentconflictsasaresultofcompetition. Armedconflictshavebeengoingoninthisregionoverthepasttenyears.11.acton:dosth.inaccordancewith;follow按照。。。行事 e.g.Actingonthedoctor’ssuggestion,thewomanhasdecidedtogoonadiet. Youwouldnothavemadesuchamistakeifyouhadactedonhisadvice.12.resent(vt.)feelangryorbitterat对。。。忿很；对。。。不满 e.g.Disabledpeopleusuallyresentbeingpitiedupon. IresenthavingtogethispermissionforeverythingIdo. Worldlyaffairsareresentedbythehermit.13. custom(n.)(1)generallyacceptedbehavioramongmembersofasocialgroup习惯，风俗 e.g.Thesaying“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Meansonemustobservelocalcustomswhereveroneis. Itisthefamily’scustomtogooutdrivingafterSundaydinner.(2)(pl.)governmentdepartmentthatcollectsimportduties;importduties海关；关税 e.g.PassengersfromthenewlyarrivedplanewaitedinlinetogetthroughtheCustoms. Thestamphereprovesthatcustomshavebeenpaid.14.leavebehind:abandon;forgettotakeorbringalong丢弃；留下，忘带e.g.Whentheenemywithdraw,muchoftheheavyequipmentwasleftbehind. Ohdear!I’velefttheumbrellabehind.15.ofone’sage:oftheperiodortimeinwhichonelives同时代的 e.g.Hewasthemostbrilliantcomposerofhisage. Ofallthescientistsofhisage,Einsteinwasperhapsthemostoutstanding.16. besuperiorto:bebetterthan比。。。好/优越，胜过 e.g.Theywerefarsuperiorinnumbertotheirenemy. Thenewmachineissuperiortotheoldonesinthatitconsumeslessfuel.17.  influence(vt.)haveaneffecton影响 e.g.Publicopinionsareusuallyinfluencedbymassmedia. LeiFenginfluencedhisfellowsoldierstoservethepeoplewhole-heartedly.(n.)powertoaffectsth.orsb.影响 e.g.LeiFenghadgreatinfluenceonpeopleinthe1950’s. YouhavesomeinfluenceoverMary.Couldyougoandtalkheroutofsuchcrazybehavior?(n.)powerduetowealth,position,etc.势力，权势 e.g.Thefatherwon’tusehisinfluencetogethissonajob.18. talent(n.)(1) specialnaturalability才能；天资 e.g.Shegaveupplayingthepianobecauseshedidnothavemuchtalentformusic. Thisuniversityaimsathelpingyoungpeopledeveloptheirtalents.(2)sb.withspecialnaturalability有才能的人，人才 e.g.Aheadhuntingagencylooksforoutstandingtalentsforitscustomers. Mozartwasknownasatalentwhenhewasveryyoung.19. aboveall:mostimportantofall首先；尤其是 e.g.Childrenneedmanythings,butabovealltheyneedattention. Neverwasteanything,butaboveallneverwastetime. Bepolite,aboveall,tooldpeople.20. owesth.tosb./sth.:beobligedtosb./sth.forsth.;admitthankfullysb./sth.asthecauseofsth.应该把。。。归功于 e.g.WeowethatimportantnewdiscoverytoAlbertEinstein. WeoweittoMarconiandBellthatwecannowtalktopeopleontheothersideoftheworldovertheradio. Sheoweshersuccesstohardworkandpatience.Chinese-EnglishTranslation 1.Itwassuggestedatthemeetingthatacommitteeofelevenbeappointedtomakeanewconstitution. 2.Bymakingon-the-spotobservations,theyoungscientistsobtainedfirst-handinformationtheyneededintheirresearchwork. 3.Itisverylikelythathewillberejectedbythearmybecauseofhisbadeyesight. 4.Thecommitteemembershaveconflictingopinionsastothebestlocationofthenewairport. 5.Henry’sworksofartaresuperiorinmanyrespectstothoseofhisbrother’s.6.Thesteadyriseinthequalityofourproductsowesmuchtotheimprovementofourequipment.7.Jimwouldhavepreferredtoactonhisownjudgment,buthedidn’tbecauseasasoldierhehadtoobeytheorder.8.Wereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshouldhaveacitywithoutbikesoronewithoutcars.Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.English-ChineseTranslation1.作家们指出，华盛顿特区的林肯纪念堂，与古希腊人为纪念他们的神而建造的神殿不无相似之处；而每年在学校和公共场所所举行的纪念林肯诞辰的庆典仪式有时也带有宗教仪式的特点。2.美国人民钦佩靠自奋斗成功的人—那种既没有钱，也没有家族权势，全靠自我拼搏而出人头地的人。3.北方诸州的改革家们对国会施加压力，要求在后来成为合众国诸州的西部领地内禁止奴隶制。这时，南方的有些州便想脱离，即退出合众国。4.作为总统，他任命那些他认为最有才能的人担任政府要职，尽管其中有些人曾公开对他冷嘲热讽。5.举国上下对他的死所作出的毫无克制的情感反应，几乎令人难以置信，表明了他深受国人的尊重。