英美国家概况课后题及答案Word版

传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！Chapter21.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T)3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe---theBritons.(T)4.TheAnglo--SaxonscametoBritaininthemid--5thcentury.(T)5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo--Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F)6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance.(T)8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)9.TheHundredYears'WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfoetradeandterritory.(F)10.Inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)1.TheDattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410.A.NormanB.DanishC.CelticD.Germanic2.Bythelate7thcentury,DbecamethedominantreligioninEngland.A.CelticChristianityB.Anglo-SaxonChristianityC.GermanicChristianityD.RomanChristianity3.WestminsterAbbeywasbuiltatthetimeofB.A.St.AugustineB.EdwardtheConfessorC.WilliamtheConquerorD.AlfredtheGreat4.TheCmarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.A.VikinginvasionB.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquestD.Adoptionofcommonlaw5.TheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleofC.A.theHouseofValoisB.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudorD.theHouseofLancaster6.ThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’sefforttoA.A.divorcehiswifeB.breakwithRomeC.supporttheProtestantsD.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurch7.TheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642betweenB.A.ProtestantsandPuritansB.RoyalistsandParliamentariansC.noblesandpeasantsD.aristocratsandChristians8.AwaspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution.A.BillofRightsB.ActofSupremacyC.ProvisionsofOxfordD.MagnaCarta9.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleoftheCcentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th10.BritainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningoftheDcentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thChapter31.ConventionsareregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment.(F)2.TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.(F)3.Inreality,theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.(F)4.BritishParliamentisthelaw--makingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations.(F)5.LordsSpiritualandLordsTemporalareallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse.(T)6.ThemembersintheHouseofCommonsareappointedratherthanelected.(F)7.TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament.(T)8.CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament.(F)9.Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,thecivillawandthecriminallaw.(T)10.ThelegalsystemsinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpractice.(F)1.TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionoftheC.A.judiciaryB.legislatureC.monarchyD.executive2.TheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchycanbeseeninitseffectonD.A.passingthebillsB.advisingthegovernmentC.politicalpartiesD.publicattitude3.Asarevisingchamber,theHouseofLordsisexpectedtoBtheHouseofCommons.A.rivalB.complementC.criticizeD.inspect4.BritishCabinetworksontheprincipleofA.A.collectiveresponsibilityB.individualresponsibilityC.defendingthecollectivismD.defendingtheindividuals5.ThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncilistoB.A.makedecisionsB.giveadviceC.passbillsD.supervisetheCabinet6.InBritain,theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryCyears.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six7.ChasadistinctlegalsystembasedonRomanlaw.A.WalesB.EnglandC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland8.Generallyspeaking,theBritishParliamentoperatesonaBsystem.A.single-partyB.two-partyC.three-partyD.multi-party9.ThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismandD.A.governmentinterventionB.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreformD.abeliefinindividualism10.TheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatitA.A.setuptheNationalHealthServiceB.improvedpublictransportationC.abolishedtheoldtaxsystemD.enhancedtheeconomicdevelopmentChapter41.Britainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworld.(T)2.TheBritisheconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineduringthepostwarperiod.(T)3.LimitedresourcesandhighunemploymentratewerepersistentproblemsthatpreventedrapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.(F)4.Thatcher'srevolutionturnedouttobeagreatsuccessindealingwithalltheBritisheconimicandsocialproblems.(F)5.TheeconomicapproachadoptedbyTonyBlairisdifferentfromthatoftheLaborpartyandtheConservativeParty.(T)6.BlairmadetheBankofEnglandindependentinordertoseparatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy.(T)7.Britainistheworld'sleadingexporterofpoultryanddairyproducts.(F)8.Thefishingindustryprovidesmorethan50%ofBritain'sdemandforfish.(T)9.Britainisanimportantoilexportersinceitsoilindustryhasalonghistory.(F)10.NuclearpowerisoneofthemajorenergysourcesinBritain.(T)1.TheBritisheconomyachievedglobaldominancebytheC.A.1860sB.1870sC.1880sD.1890s2.InB,theBritishParliamentpassedtwoimportantactstoestablishawelfarestate.A.1945B.1946C.1947D.19483.TheAintheearly1970sworsenedanalreadystagnanteconomyinBritain.A.oilcrisisB.highinflationratesC.largeimportsD.unemploymentproblem4.Ofthefollowingpractices,CdoesnotbelongtoThatcher’ssocialwelfarereform.A.reducingchildbenefitsB.shorteningtheunemploymentbenefitsperiodC.reducingtheunemploymentD.loweringoldagepensions5.TheBlairgovernmenthasbeensuccessfulinallthefollowingaspectsexceptD.A.limitinggovernmentspendingB.keepinginflationundercontrolC.reducingunemploymentD.reducinginequality6.BritainhasdevotedCofitslandareatoagriculture.A.54%B.64%C.74%D.84%7.Britain’simportantfishingareasincludeallthefollowingexceptD.A.theNorthSeaB.theEnglishChannelC.TheseaareaaroundIrelandD.TheseaareabetweenBritainandIreland8.CoalminingindustryinBritainprovidesBoftheenergyconsumedinthecountry.A.1/3B.1/4C.1/5D.2/39.ThecarindustryinBritaininmostlyA.A.foreign-ownedB.state-ownedC.joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.OfthefollowingsectorsinBritain,ChasexperiencedspectaculargrowthsincetheendofWordWarII.A.AgricultureB.energyindustryC.serviceindustryD.manufacturingindustryChapter51.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenresponsibleforeducationsincetheearly1800s.(F)2.EducationinBritainiscompulsoryforallchildrenbetweentheagesof6and15.(F)3.TheNationalCurriculumiscompulsoryinboththestatesystemandtheindependentsystem.(F)4.Whenchildrenfinishtheirschoolingat16,theyarerequiredtotakeanationalGCSEexamination.(T)5.GraduatesfromstateschoolsinBritainhavealessfavorablechancetoenterfamousuniversitiesthanthosefromindependentschools.(T)6.Inthe1960s,alargenumberofnewuniversitieswerefoundedinBritain.(T)7.MostBritishpeoplebegintheirdaywithreadingthemorningnewspaperandenditwatchingtelevisionintheevening.(T)8.TheTimesistheworld'soldestnationalnewspaper(F)9.TheBBCWorldServicebroadcastsonlyinEnglishthroughouttheworld.(F)10.SomeBritishholidaysarecelebratedtomarktheimportanteventsoftheChristiancalendar,andothersarerelatedtolocalcustomsandtraditions.(T)1.InBritain,thedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolswereendedbytheintroductionofcomprehensiveschoolsintheD.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960s2.AboutBofBritishchildrenreceiveprimaryandsecondaryeducationthroughtheindependentsystem.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.8%3.Partiallyfundedbycentralgovernmentgrants,theBritishuniversitiesreceivetheirremainingfundsfromallthefollowingsourcesexceptB.A.tuitionfeesB.loansC.donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Ofthefollowing,AisNOTabasisofadmissiontoBritain’suniversities.A.resultinnationalentrancetestB.A-levelresultC.aninterviewD.schoolreferences5.TobeadmittedtotheOpenUniversity,oneneedB.A.someeducationalqualificationsB.noeducationalqualificationsC.GeneralCertificateofEducation-AdvancedD.GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications6.AmongBritain’squalitypress,thefollowingnewspapersareregardedasthe“BigThree”withtheexceptionofC.A.TheTimesB.TheGuardianC.TheObserverD.TheDailyTelegraph7.LifeonEarthisakindofCprogramproducedbytheBBCandispopularamong500millionviewersworldwide.A.featureB.dramaC.documentaryD.soapopera8.DisBritain’stoppaytelevisionprovider.A.BSBB.SkyTVC.BBCD.BSkyB9.Ofthefollowing,DisNOTacommonfeatureofalltheBritishholidays.A.familiesgettingtogetherB.friendsexchanginggoodwishesC.friendsenjoyingeachother’scompanyD.familiestravelingoverseas10.ThefollowingChristmastraditionsareparticularlyBritishexceptA.A.TroopingtheColorB.Queen’sChristmasmessageC.BoxingDayD.ChristmaspantomimeChapter91.AmericawasnamedafterAmerigoVespucci,whoarrivedonthenewcontinentafterColumbus.(T)2.ThesecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphia,andtheContinentalArmyandNavywerefoundedunderthecommandofThomasJefferson.(F)3.TheCivilWarnotonlyputanendtoslavery,butalsodecidedthatAmericawasasingle,indivisiblenation.(T)4.ManyAmericanpeopleapprovedoftheVietnamWar.(F)5.DuringClinton'sterm,theeconomydevelopedsteadily,resultinginalowerrateofunemployment.(T)6.In1990,AmericantroopsandthetroopsfromalliednationslaunchedOperationDesertStorminordertodriveIraqitroopsoutofKuwait.(T)7.AccordingtotheAmericanadministration,SaddamHusseinandOsamabinLadenwereresponsiblefortheterroristeventonSeptember11,2001.(F)8.TheAmericagovernmentregardedIraqanationamongthe"axisofevil".(T)9.OnMarch19,2003,AmericanandUnitedNation'stroops,supportedbyseveralothercountries,begananinvasionofIraq.(F)10.AlthoughthecombatoperationsinIraqareover,itisstillhardforAmericatodecidewhentowithdrawitsarmy.(T)1.ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericawasfoundedatCin.A.Jamestown,LouisianaB.Boston,MassachusettsC.Jamestown,VirginiaD.Plymouth,Georgia2.PilgrimFathersareagroupofBwhocametoAmericatoavoidpersecutioninEngland.A.ProtestantsB.PuritansC.CatholicsD.Christians3.TheSevenYears’WaroccurredbetweentheC.A.FrenchandAmericanIndiansB.FrenchandSpaniardsC.FrenchandBritishD.BritishandAmericanIndians4.“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”wastherallyingsloganofD.A.thesettlersofVirginiaB.thepeopleofPennsylvaniaC.thecolonistsinNewEnglandD.thepeopleofthe13colonies5.ThefirstshotsoftheAmericanWarofIndependencewerefiredinB.A.ConcordB.LexingtonC.PhiladelphiaD.Boston6.InMay1775,BwasheldinPhiladelphiaandbegantoassumethefunctionsofanationalgovernment.A.theFirstContinentalCongressB.theSecondContinentalCongressC.theBostonTeaPartyD.theCongressofConfederation7.AbrahamLincolnissuedCtograntfreedomtoallslaves.A.DeclarationofIndependenceB.ConstitutionC.EmancipationProclamationD.BillofRights8.ThepolicyoftheUnitedStateswasAatthebeginningofthetwoworldwars.A.neutralityB.fullinvolvementC.partialinvolvementD.appeasement9.PresidentCappliedNewDealtodealwiththeproblemsoftheGreatDepression.A.WilsonB.TrumanC.RooseveltD.Kennedy10.TheVietnamWarwasalong-timesufferingforAmericans,anditcontinuedthroughoutthetermsofPresidentsD.A.Johnson,NixonandFordB.Truman,EisenhowerandKennedyC.Kennedy,JohnsonandNixonD.Eisenhower,KennedyandJohnsonChapter101.BillofRightswaswrittenintotheConstitutionin1787.(F)2.TheformofAmericangovernmentisbasedonthreemainprinciples:federalism,theseparationofpowers,andrespectfortheConstitutionandtheruleoflaw.(T)3.TheU.S.Congressisthelegislativebranchofthefederalgovernmentanditconsistsoftwohouses:theHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.(F)4.CertainpresidentialappointmentsmustbeapprovedbyCongress.(T)5.Thejudicialbranchofthefederalgovernmentconsistsofaseriesofcourts:theSupremeCourt,thecourtsofappealsandthedistrictcourts.(T)6.LikeBritain,theUnitedStateshasatwo--partysystem.(T)7.TheDemocraticPartyisconservativeintermsofitsideology.(F)8.Americanpresidentialcampaignadherestothe"winner-take-all"practice.(T)9.AmericanforeignpolicythroughouttheWorldWarIIwasneutrality.(F)10.AmericanforeignpolicyduringtheColdWarperiodwascontainmentandintervention.(T)1.TheU.S.ConstitutioncameintoeffectinB.A.1787B.1789C.1791D.17932.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesC.A.givesthemostpowertoCongressB.givesthemostpowertothePresidentC.triestogiveeachbranchenoughpowertobalancetheothersD.givesthemostpowertotheSupremeCourt3.TheBillofRightsB.A.definestherightsofCongressandtherightsofthePresidentB.guaranteescitizensoftheUnitedStatesspecificindividualrightsandfreedomsC.ispartoftheDeclarationofIndependenceD.hasnorelationshipwiththeConstitution4.ThefollowingexceptBareguaranteedintheBillofRights.A.freedomofreligionB.therighttogetintopeople’shousebypoliceC.freedomofspeechandofpressD.therighttoownone’sweaponifonewishes5.AllthefollowingexceptCcannotmakelegislativeproposal.A.theSenatorB.theRepresentativeC.theSecretaryofStateD.thePresident6.ThefollowingexceptCareallpowersofthePresident.A.vetoinganybillspassedbyCongressB.appointingfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccurC.makinglawsD.issuingexecutiveorders7.AccordingtotheConstitution,acandidateforPresidentmustbeD.A.atleast35yearsoldB.atleasta14years’residentoftheUnitedStatesC.borninAmericaD.alloftheabove8.ThetermsforaSenatorandRepresentativeareDandyearsrespectively.A.two,fourB.two,threeC.two,sixD.six,two9.TheSupremeCourtiscomposedofDjustices.A.sixB.sevenC.eightD.nine10.ThePresidentisdirectlyvotedintoofficebyC.A.allcitizensofAmericaB.thecitizensover18yearsoldC.electorselectedbythevotersD.thesenatorsandrepresentativesChapter111.Americaistheworld'slargestindustrialnation.(T)2.Americahasamixedeconomyandthegovernmenthaslittlecontroloverbusinesses.(F)3.ChartercompaniescontributedtoBritain'ssuccessfulcolonizationoftheU.S.(T)4.IntheU.S.Constitution,therecognitionoftheimportanceof"intellectualproperty"couldbeidentified.(T)5.AlthoughslaverywasabolishedasaresultoftheCivilWar,theownersofplantationintheSouthmademoreprofitsfromsellingtheiragricultureproducts.(F)6.PresidentRoosevelt'sNewDealhadlittleeffectindealingwiththeeconomiccrisisintheearly1930s.(F)7.The1960swasaperiodofconsolidationfortheAmericanbusinesses.(F)8.Americanagriculturalexportsoutweighimports,leavingasurplusintheagriculturalbalanceoftrade.(T)9.AutoproductionisoneoftheimportantsectorsinAmericanmanufacturingindustry.(T)10.TheworldeconomyhaslittletodowiththegrowthanddeclineoftheAmericanforeigntrade.(F)1.Americaproducesamajorportionoftheworld’sproductsinthefollowingfieldsexceptC.A.machineryB.automobilesC.oreD.chemicals2.ThemodernAmericaneconomyprogressedfromCto,andeventually,to.A.colonialeconomy,handcrafteconomy,industrialeconomyB.farmingeconomy,handcrafteconomy,industrialeconomyC.colonialeconomy,farmingeconomy,industrialeconomyD.handcrafteconomy,farmingeconomy,industrialeconomy3.CharteredcompanieswereNOTgrantedtheDbytheBritishKingorQueen.A.politicalauthorityB.economicrightsC.judicialauthorityD.diplomaticauthority4.ThefirstNationalBankoftheUnitedStateswasestablishedwiththeurgeofD.A.GeorgeWashingtonB.ThomasJeffersonC.AndrewJacksonD.AlexanderHamilton5.Thefollowinginventionstookplaceduringthe“secondindustrialrevolution”exceptD.A.typewriterB.telephoneC.electriclightD.refrigerator6.PresidentJohnsontriedtobuilda“GreatSociety”byintroducingvariousprogramslikethefollowingexceptD.A.MedicareB.FoodStampsC.EducationInitiativesD.UnemploymentPension7.AboutBofAmericancropsareforexport.A.halfB.onethirdC.onefourthD.onefifth8.ThefollowingstatementsarealltrueexceptB.A.Agribusinessesreflectthebig,corporatenatureofmanyfarmenterprises.B.Agribusinessesmaintainabalancedtradepatternbetweenagriculturalimportsandexports.C.Agribusinessesrangefromone-familycorporationstomultinationalfirms.D.Agribusinessesincludeavarietyoffarmbusinessesandstructures.9.DisnotoneofthethreegiantsinAmericanautomobileindustry.A.FordB.GeneralMotorsC.ChryslerD.AmericanMotors10.Atpresent,U.S.exportsaccountforAoftheworld’stotal.A.10%B.15%C.20%D.25%Chapter121.EducationisgovernedbystateandlocalgovernmentsinsteadofthenationalgovernmentinAmerica.(T)2.AllAmericanchildrenareoffered12yearsofcompulsorypubliceducation.(T)3.Thefirstformalacademicinstitutionthatachildattendsiscalledkindergarten.(F)4.After12yearsofschooling,Americanstudentsreceiveabachelor'sdegreeatgraduation.(F)5.Whenselectingacollegeoruniversity,undergraduatestudentshaveagreatconcernforitssize,locationandacademicquality.(T)6.InAmericaninstitutions,aboardoftrusteescomposedofprofessionalsisresponsiblefortheadministration.(F)7.Usually,anundergraduatestudenthastoearn120creditstoreceiveadegree.(T)8.YaleuniversityisthesecondeldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.(F)9.ItisTheNewYorkTimesthatfirstuncoveredtheWatergateScandalin1972throughtheeffortsoftworeporters.(F)10.ThanksgivingDayfallsonthefourthTuesdayinNovember.(F)1.FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofC,secondaryandhighereducation.A.kindergartenB.publicC.elementaryD.private2.Ofthefollowingsubjects,BareNOTofferedtoelementaryschoolstudents.A.mathematicsandlanguagesB.politicsandbusinesseducationC.scienceandsocialstudiesD.musicandphysicaleducation3.HighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefoundingofB.A.YaleUniversityB.HarvardUniversityC.PrincetonUniversityD.NewYorkUniversity4.Ofthefollowing,BareNOTamongthecategoriesofAmericanhighereducation.A.universitiesandcollegesB.researchinstitutionsC.technicalinstitutionsD.communitycolleges5.Ofthefollowing,DisNOTtheresponsibilityoftheboardoftrusteesinU.S.institutions.A.choosingthepresidentB.establishingpoliciesforadministratorsandfacultyC.approvingbudgetandotherfinancialprojectD.decidewhichstudenttoenroll6.Togetabachelor’sdegree,allundergraduatestudentsarerequiredtodothefollowingexceptC.A.attendinglecturesandcompletingassignmentsB.passingexaminationsC.workingforcommunitiesD.earningacertainnumberofcredits7.Ofthefollowinguniversities,BhasNOTcultivatedanyAmericanPresidentyet.A.HarvardUniversityB.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyC.PrincetonUniversityD.YaleUniversity8.Bissoldespeciallytotheupperorupper-middleclassandithasareputationforitsseriousattitudeandgreatbulk.A.TheWashingtonPostB.TheNewYorkTimesC.LosAngelesTimesD.NewYorkDailyNews9.Ofthefollowing,BisNOTamongthethreemajorradioandTVnetworksinAmerica.A.theNationalBroadcastingSystem(NBS)B.thePublicBroadcastingService(PBS)C.theColumbiaBroadcastingSystem(CBS)D.theAmericanBroadcastingSystem(ABS)10.TheNationalDayoftheUnitedStatesfallsonB.A.June4thB.July4thC.June14thD.July14th