Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication
[一积词汇见多识广]
[课内单词回扣]
(一)阅读词汇写其义
1．weapon n． 武器
2．forehead n． 前额
3．bow vi. 鞠躬
4．palm n. 手掌
5．slap vt. 掌击
6．funeral n. 葬礼
7．toast n. 祝酒；干杯
8．classical adj. 古典的；古代的
9．handclap n. 拍手
10．wrist n. 手腕
(二)
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
达词汇写其形
1．stare vi. 凝视；盯着看
2．rude adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的
3．request n. 请求；要求
4．applause n. 掌声
5．deal n. 协议；交易
6．gesture n. 姿势；姿态
7．spread vi. 张开
8．panic v. 恐慌；惊慌
9．live adj. 现场的
10．blank adj. 空白的
11．bend vt. 弯下腰
12．hug vt. 紧抱；拥抱
13．wipe vt. 擦；抹；揩
14．host n. 主人
(三)拓展词汇灵活用
*1.communicate vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流；沟通→communication n．交流；沟通
*2.vary vi.变化；(大小、形状等)相异，不同→variety n．变化；多样化；种类→variable adj.易变的；变化的→various adj.各种各样的；多方面的
3.formal adj.正式的→(反义词)informal adj.非正式的
*4.traditionally adv.传统地→traditional adj.传统的→tradition n．传统
*5.threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threaten v．威胁→threat n．威胁
6.conscious adj.意识到的；自觉的→(反义词)unconscious adj.无意识的；无知觉的
*7.favour n．恩惠；善意的行为；支持；赞同→favourable adj.赞同的；有利的→favourite adj.特别喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人(或事物)
8.invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请
9.performance n．表演→performer n．表演者→perform v．表演；表现
10.judgement n．判断；意见→judge v．判断n.裁判；法官
11.social adj.社会的→society n．社会
用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空
1．There is a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve. We usually have China's traditional food — dumplings on that day.(tradition)
2．Being out of work is threatening. But the threat can urge the workers to work harder.(threat)
3．I'm in favour of the plan, which will be favourable to the development of children.(favour)
4．In our daily life, communication plays an important part, so it's important to develop the ability to communicate with others.(communicate)
5．There are a variety of animals and plants in the world. They vary in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world. But for various reasons, some of them are dying out.(vary)
[话题单词积累]
1．greet/ɡriːt/ vt. 迎接；问候
2．approach/ə'prəʊtʃ/ v. 接近；靠近；
走近
3．cheek/tʃiːk/ n. 面颊
4．misunderstand/ˌmIsʌndə'stænd/ vt.
误解；误会
5．misunderstanding/ˌmIsʌndə'stændIŋ/ n.
误解；误会
6．understanding/ʌndə'stændIŋ/ n. 理解
7．spoken/'spəʊk(ə)n/ adj. 口语的
8．unspoken/ˌʌn'spəukən/ adj. 未说出口的；非口语的
9．posture/'pɒstʃə/ n. 姿势；体态
10．frown/fraʊn/ v. 皱眉；蹙额
11．misread/mIs'riːd/ vt. 读错，误解
12．facial/'feIʃ(ə)l/ adj. 面部的
13．anger/'æŋɡə/ n. 怒气，怒火
14．fist/fIst/ n. 拳头
15．yawn/jɔːn/ vi. 打哈欠
16．kiss/kIs/ n．& v. 吻
17．touch/tʌtʃ/ v. 触摸
18．shoulder/'ʃəʊldə/ n. 肩膀
19．nod/nɒd/ n．& v. 点头
20．disagreement/dIsə'ɡriːmənt/ n. 不同意
21．agreement/ə'ɡriːm(ə)nt/ n. 同意
22．roll/rəʊl/ v. 转动；滚动
23．clap/klæp/ n．& v. 鼓掌；拍手
24．pat/pæt/ vt. 轻拍
25．shrug/ʃrʌɡ/ v. 耸肩
26．finger/'fIŋɡə/ n. 手指
27．offence/ə'fens/ n. 过错
28．confusing/kən'fjuːzIŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的
[二积短语顿挫抑扬]
[课内短语回扣]
(一)根据汉语写出下列短语
1.communicate_with 和……交流
2.vary_from_..._to_... 从……到……变化
3.shake_hands_with 与……握手
*4.on_guard (保持)警惕
5.make_a_deal 达成协议；做成交易
*6.hold_up 举起；阻碍；承受住
*7.give_away_ 暴露(自己的情况)；捐赠
8.lift_up_ 举起；抬起
9.up_and_down 一上一下地；起起落落；来来回回
*10.by_accident_ 偶然地
11.say_hello_to_ 向……问好
12.switch_on_ 打开(灯、无线电等)
(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子
1．John said he wasn't disappointed at the result of the basketball game, but the look on his face gave him away.
2．He must have been held_up on his way here in the traffic jam.
3．A lot of famous scientists made some amazing discoveries by_accident while they were actually looking for something else.
4．You should be on_guard when a stranger stands in front of your house.
[话题短语积累]
1．show respect for 对……表示尊重
2．on purpose 故意地
3．turn one's back to 背对
4．lose face 丢脸
5．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
6．step back 后退
7．put up 举起
8．in defence 防卫
9．reach one's hand out 伸出手
10．close to 靠近
11．be likely to 很可能
12．from side to side 从一边到另一边
13．look away from 把目光从……移开
14．be quiet 安静
15．point to 指向
16．be aware of 知道，了解
17．turn around 转身
18．agree with 同意
[三积句式写作扮靓]
[课内句式仿写]
1．“more than＋n.”表示“不仅仅是，不只是”
[例句] Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.
[仿写] 自信心不仅仅是一种态度；它来自于一个坚定的承诺来承担责任，而不是随波逐流。
Confidence is more_than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take responsibility rather than just let life happen.
2．独立主格结构
[例句] One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.
[仿写] 照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，她的长发在微风中飘扬。
The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly, her_long_hair_flowing in the breeze.
3．“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构
[例句] Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.
[仿写] 一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。
A piece of writing without any punctuation is_difficult_to_understand.
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[例句] In Russia you should make a toast every time you take a sip from your glass.
[仿写] 每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
I think of the happy hours we spent together every_time_I_see_these_photos.
[话题佳句背诵]
1. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也不尽相同。
2．However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能去(用身体)接触对方。
3．Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.
现在世界上多数人见面要握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景的人)会采取另外一些寒暄方式。比方说，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。
4．The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
微笑当然是最普遍通用的面部表情，它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。
[四背语段语感流畅]
We communicate with more than just spoken and written words. We also use body language very often, which varies from culture to culture. People from different cultures have different ways to greet each other. For example, when we nod at somebody we mean we agree with his or her opinion. But in some countries, it means disagreement. As a result, they are likely to have misunderstanding when communicating. So when abroad, we should remember the proverb “When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do”；while at home, we should try to put foreigners at ease.
我们不只是通过口头和书面语言交流，我们也经常使用身体语言，它因文化不同而不同。来自不同文化的人们有不同的方式相互问候。例如，当我们朝某人点头时，我们表示同意他或者她的观点。但是在一些国家，它表示不同意。结果，他们交流时很可能会误解。因此在国外时，我们应该记住这个谚语“入乡随俗”；而在国内时，我们应努力使外国人舒适自在。
[第一板块 重点词汇突破]
[师生共研词汇]
1．vary vi.变化；不同vt.变更；改变
[教材原句] We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.
我们经常看到无意识的身体语言，但也有“习得的”身体语言，“习得的”身体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。
(1)vary with
随……而变化
vary from
不同于……
vary in
在……方面不同/有差异
vary from ... to ...
由……到……情况不等
(2)variety n.
变化；多样性；种类
a variety of ＝ varieties of
各种各样的
(3)various adj.
各种各样的；不同的
①The color of that animal varies with the season.
那种动物的颜色随着季节而改变。
②Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
③I want to know whether this plant can adapt to a variety (vary) of soils.
我想知道是否这种植物能够适应各种土壤。
2．involve vt.包括；涉及；使参与；需要
[教材原句] Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.
亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。
(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.
使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中
involve doing sth.
包括做某事；需要做某事
(2)involved adj.
复杂的；有牵连的；涉及的；有关的
get/be involved in
被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
be/get involved with sb./sth.
与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系
①Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students.
米歇尔找到了一份高中老师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当长的时间和学生在一起。
②The manager interviewed everyone involved (involve) in the accident to find out the truth behind what had actually happened.
经理和每一个与事故有关的人进行了面谈，就是为了弄清楚事故背后的真实发生的情况。
③Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。
[名师指津] involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
3．panic v．& n．惊慌；恐慌
[教材原句] If your mind goes blank, try not to panic.
如果你脑子里一片空白，尽量不要惊慌。
(1)panic sb. into doing sth.
使某人惊慌地做某事
Don't panic!
别慌！(用于劝告别人保持镇静)
(2)get into a panic
惊慌失措(表示动作)
in (a) panic
惊慌失措地；恐慌地
①All the people got_into a panic when the earthquake happened.
当地震发生的时候，所有人都惊慌失措。
②Not only do online rumors cause people in_panic,_but they also disturb public order.
不仅网络谣言使人们惊慌失措，而且它们也使公共秩序混乱。
③Shoppers are panicked into buying (buy) things they don't need.
购物者因惊慌而买他们不需要的东西。
4．request n．& vt.请求；要求
[教材原句] Mr and Mrs Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their daughter ...
哈里·布伦基特夫妇非常荣幸地邀请您参加他们女儿的婚礼……
(1)make a request for
请求；要求
at one's request ＝ at the request of sb.
应某人的要求
on/upon request
一经要求
(2)request sb.to do sth.
请求/要求某人做某事
request that ...(should) do sth.
要求……做某事
It's requested that ... (should) do sth.
要求……做某事
①My parents requested me to_learn (learn) a second foreign language.
我的父母要求我学习第二门外语。
②What's your opinion of Mr Li's request that we (should)_spend (spend)half an hour reading English aloud every morning?
你怎么看李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时英语呢？
③She bought the new computer at_the_request_of her three children.
她应三个孩子的要求购买了新电脑。
[名师指津] request后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或用于“It is/was requested that ...”句型中时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋do”，should可以省略。
5．favour (favor) n．恩惠；善意的行为；赞成；偏袒vt.支持；偏袒；喜爱
[教材原句] Can I ask you a favour?
能请你帮我一个忙吗？
(1)ask sb.a favour ＝ ask a favour of sb.
请某人帮忙
do a favour for sb. ＝ do sb.a favour
给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
in one's favour
有利于某人
in favour of
支持；赞成；有利于
(2)favourable adj.
赞同的；有利的
favourite adj.& n.
特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
①All the people present at the meeting are in_favour_of the plan.
所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。
②He did her a great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions.
→He did_a_great_favour_for_her by giving her some valuable suggestions.
他通过给她一些极有价值的建议帮了她一个大忙。
③Even though we have some trouble right now, I think the final result will be in_our_favour.
即使我们现在还有一些问题，我想最后结果还是会对我们有利的。
[词汇过关练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Only by practicing a lot can we learn our English well enough to_communicate (communicate) with foreigners.
2．She has been receiving threatening (threaten) phone calls since she returned from America.
3．Look! From opposite the street come two kids, screaming in panic.
4．At the request of the audience, the singer sang another song.
5．“Genius” is a complicated concept, involving (involve) many different factors.
6．Teachers are increasingly conscious of the importance of the Internet.
7．My friend Lucy is leaving. I will do her a favour and drive her to the airport.
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Papercutting is a traditional (tradition) Chinese art with a long history, which is popular among many people.
9．After the threeyear war, the two sides made a deal at last with each other and stopped fighting.
10．Changes in price normally vary with changes of supply and need.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My daughter stared me, angrily, as if I were her wicked stepmother.stared后加at
2．In the fastmoving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment where they communicate to the outside world.to→with
3．It is requested that all members are present at the English party.are→be
4．Involving in his homework, he didn't notice what happened.Involving_→Involved
5．Though in the same family, the birds vary with size and color.with→in
Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译/同义替换)
1．听到爆炸声，人群陷入恐慌中。(panic n．)
Hearing the explosion, the_crowd_got_into_a_panic.
2．他要求对这件事保守秘密。
①He requested_that_the_matter_(should)_be kept secret. (request that ...)
②He requested_the_matter_to_be kept secret. (request sth. to do)
③He made_a_request_for_the_matter_to_be kept secret. (make a request for)
3．The store provides the customers with all kinds of (＝various/a_variety_of/varieties_of) goods every day.
4．Most of them supported (＝were_in_favour/were_support_of) my opinion while David was against it.
[第二板块 短语、句式突破]
1．hold up举起；阻碍；承受住；支撑；延迟，延误
[教材原句] One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.
然后一个人举起他的手，手掌向外，五指展开。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中hold up的含义
①Had it not been for the postal strike, my home letter might not have been held up.延迟，延误
②After the lecture, one of the boys held up his hand and asked the professor two questions.举起
③There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.支撑
④How does he hold up under such a responsibility？承受住
hold on
挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
hold on to
抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back
阻挡；拦阻；隐瞒；控制
hold out
(在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；主张
⑤The pilot said he could only hold out for another hour before he would have to land the plane because of lack of fuel.
那个飞行员说他因缺少燃料迫降之前只能再坚持一个小时。
⑥When he left the telephone to fetch a pencil, he asked me to hold on.
当他放下电话去拿铅笔时，他让我别挂断电话。
2．give away暴露(自己的情况)；泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发
[教材原句] People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达的多得多。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中give away的含义
①Although they were pretending hard to be young, grey hair and wrinkles gave away their true age.暴露(自己的情况)
②The couple gave away most of their fortune to the poor in their small town.捐赠
③Don't mention that at the beginning of the story，or it may give away the shocking ending. 泄露(秘密)
give back
归还；使恢复
give in (to)
屈服；让步
give off
放出(气味、光、热等)；散发
give out
分发；用完；耗尽；发出
give up
放弃；认输
give way to
给……让路/让步；被……代替
④Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
科学家们发现各种植物在受到攻击时会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质。
⑤Neither side is prepared to give in to the other in the border negotiation.
在边界谈判中，双方都不准备向对方让步。
3．Although these are very important, we communicate with more_than just spoken and written words.
尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。
本句中“more than＋名词”表示“不仅仅是；不只是”。
(1)more than＋数词，表示“超过；多于”，相当于over
(2)more than＋形容词，表示“很；非常”
(3)more than与情态动词can/could连用时，表示“超过了……所能”
(4)more ... than ...“比……更；与其说……不如说……”
(5)no more than＋名词或基数词，表示“不过；仅仅；只有”(侧重数量少)
(6)not more than＋基数词，表示“至多；不超过”
①Parents are more_than_providers for their kids and they are also their first teachers.
父母不仅是孩子的供养者，还是他们的启蒙老师。
②I was more_than_surprised to see him behind me.
看到他在我身后，我十分吃惊。
③He was more_sad_than_angry when his son lied again.
当他的儿子再次说谎时，他的悲伤甚于愤怒。
④For many wealthy folks, housepurchase is_no_more_than an investment, I'm afraid.
对于许多富人来讲，恐怕买房只不过是一种投资而已。
4．One person then holds up his hand，palm_outwards_and_five_fingers_spread.
然后一个人举起他的手，手掌向外，五指展开。
“palm outwards and five fingers spread”为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
(1)独立主格结构的构成：名词(词组)/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
(2)句法功能：在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
①All the tickets sold_out,_they went away disappointed.
票已经全部卖光，他们只好失望地离去。
②The_meeting_over,_our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。
③Our teacher came in, book_in_hand.
我们老师手里拿着本书走了进来。
[名师指津] 在“名词＋介词”构成的独立主格结构中，即使单数可数名词，前面也不用冠词，且不用任何其他修饰成分。
[短语、句式过关练]
Ⅰ.hold短语介、副词填空
1．Work on the building site has been held up by bad weather.
2．If we believed something was true, good and beautiful, we should hold on to it.
3．When we got into trouble, they held out the hand of friendship to us.
Ⅱ.give短语填空
1．We will never give_in,_whatever they might do or say about our plan.
2．The burning plastic gives_off poisonous gas, which is harmful to our health.
3．If a person hasn't had enough sleep, his actions will give him away during the day.
4．I can't go further any longer. My strength has given_out.
5．To acquire a good knowledge of English, he gave_up his job and went to study in an English school.
6．Give_way_to cars that come from the left.
Ⅲ.运用所学短语完成下面语段
Yesterday I met Tom in the park 1.by_accident (偶然地), where he was walking 2.up_and_down (来来回回), apparently anxious about something. I went up and 3.said_hello_to (向……问好) him. Then I 4.shook_hands_with (与……握手) him and asked him what was the matter. He said his hometown was struck by a heavy flood. We finally 5.made_a_deal (达成协议) that we would 6.give_away (捐赠) some money to his hometown to help the victims.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．After the problems was solved, the quality has been improved.
→The_problems_solved,_the quality has been improved.
2．It is difficult to understand what he said.
→What he said is difficult to_understand.
3．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I can't describe.
→The beauty of the mountainous country is more_than I can describe.
4．When I met him every time, he would say hello to me.
→Every_time I met him, he would say hello to me.
提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文
communication， involve， request， hold up， a great deal of， in favour of， vary from ... to ...
1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)
①教学方法因人而异。
Teaching methods vary_from teacher to teacher.
②我们的英语老师有丰富的教学经验。
Our English teacher has a_great_deal_of teaching experience.
③她特别注重老师和学生间的交流。
She pays special attention to the communication between the teacher and the students.
④在课堂上，她让她的学生参与每项活动。
She involves her students in every activity in class.
⑤当她提问问题时，任何知道
答案
八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案
的同学都可以举手回答。
When she asks questions, anyone who knows the answers can hold_up his/her hand and answer them.
⑥如果问题有点难，她会要求我们分组讨论。
If the question is a bit difficult, she will request us to discuss in groups.
⑦我们都赞成她的教学方法。
We are all in_favour_of her teaching method.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用定语从句改写句③并与句②合并
Our_English_teacher_has_a_great_deal_of_teaching_experience,_who_pays_special_attention_to_the_communication_between_the_teacher_and_the_students.
(2)用主语从句改写句⑤
When_she_asks_questions,_whoever_knows_the_answers_can_hold_up_his/her_hand_and_answer_them.
3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, all in all)
Teaching methods vary from teacher to teacher. Our English teacher has a great deal of teaching experience, who pays special attention to the communication between the teacher and the students. She involves her students in every activity in class. When she asks questions, whoever knows the answers can hold up his/her hand and answer them. However, if the question is a bit difficult, she will request us to discuss in groups. All in all, we are all in favour of her teaching method.
提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 [本单元突破点——but连接的并列句]
经典例句
比较分析
真题尝试翻译
课文长难句
Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.
本句含有转折连词but连接的并列句。
通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。
真题长难句
The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)
本句含有转折连词but连接的并列句。
非语言交流可以指代用以传播语言交流之外的所有行为，主要包括体态语、类语言、人际距离、辅助语，等等。虽然大多数非语言交流具有普遍性，但是许多非语言行为都是文化潜移默化的结果。文化是发展变化的，非语言交流也在不断变化，特别是在跨文化传播如此广泛、频繁的今天。因此，为了更进一步做好跨文化交流，我们应该多了解不同地区、不同民族的文化。作为新课标24个话题中的子话题，它频繁地以说明文或议论文的形式出现在高考中的各种考查形式中。
一、话题与语篇
[考题示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)
[1]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
[2]Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
[3]Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
[4]Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culturespecific.
D．It is contentbased.
2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A．The Chinese.
B．The French.
C．The Mexicans.
D．The Russians.
3．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
[策略指导]
(一)这样读文
第1步：宏观把握文章大意
分层
抓关键句
概括层意
行文结构
第1段
第1段画波浪线部分
不同文化里沉默代表不同的含义
总体介绍
总分模式
第2段
第2段画波浪线部分
一些地方把沉默看作仔细思考的象征
分项说明
第3段
第3段画波浪线部分
沉默代表的其他文化内涵
分项说明
第4段
第4段画波浪线部分
沉默在医疗护理方面的作用
分项说明
第2步：微观突破理解障碍
[自主翻译] 因此，当一个来自这些文化背景的人正在谈话时突然停住了，这就可能暗示着他在继续谈话之前让听众想一想他所说的内容。
[自主翻译] 当护士和其他护理人员遇到他们的病人可能正在感到焦虑时，他们需要意识到沉默所代表的可能含义。
(二)这样做题
[名师解题]
1．推理判断题。选C 根据第一段可知，沉默在不同的文化群体中代表不同的含义，这是由文化特异性造成的。第一段的第一句是解题关键；A、B、D三项为“无中生有”型错误。
2．细节理解题。选A 根据第二段可知，美国、中国和泰国人认为沉默是与人交流的一部分，沉默就是让倾听的人好好想想所说的内容，这是“a call for reflection”。B、C、D三项为“张冠李戴”型错误。
3．细节理解题。选D 根据第四段可知，当病人出现沉默的时候，护士们既不能过早地打断沉默，也不能毫无必要地让沉默一直持续下去，而应当根据治疗效果区别对待。A、B、C三项为“无中生有”型错误。
4．标题归纳题。选B 本文论述了沉默在不同文化和领域里具有不同的含义，故B项为最佳标题。
[阅读理解系列技法15] 利用主线，提炼文章标题
有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，但是没有用一句明确的话表达出来。这就要求做题时利用主线，根据文章的每一部分的意义去全面考虑，综合分析，找出共同点，再归纳成一般概念。如上文第4题：
(三)这样积累
1．vary v． 不同
2．value v． 重视；珍视
3．traditional adj. 传统的
4．reflection n. 思考；反思
5．conflict n. 冲突
6．anxiety n. 焦虑
7．assist v. 帮助；援助
8．be viewed as 被认为……
9．rather than 而不是
10．be aware of 清楚；搞明白
11．make attempts to do sth. 试图做某事
12．under discussion 在讨论中
二、话题与写作
[考题示例] (2010·湖北高考)
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
注意：①无须写标题；
②内容只需涉及一个方面；
③词数为100左右。
[写作规范]
第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分
1．紧张的 nervous
2．自始至终 throughout
3．和……不同 be_different_from
4．朗读 read_aloud
5．自愿；志愿 volunteer
6．掌管；负责 take_charge_of
7．由于；多亏 thanks_to
8．自信的 confident
第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分
1．我仍然记得三年前在新学校的第一天我是多么紧张。
I still_remember_how_nervous_I_was_on my first day in the new school three years ago.
2．在第一节英语课上我发现很难跟上老师。
I found_it_difficult_to_follow_my_teacher in the first English class.
3．老师整堂课都说英语。
The teacher spoke_English_throughout_the_class.
4．这和我以前上的课完全不同。
It was_totally_different_from_the_lessons I had taken before.
5．一周后，我自愿负责我们班级的英语学习。
A week later, I volunteered_to_take_charge_of_English_study in my class.
6．多亏了第一个早自习中那个欣慰的笑容，我开始变得自信起来。
Thanks_to_the_comforting_smile in my first morning class, I_began_to_be_confident.
第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分
1．用when引导的定语从句连接句1和句2
I_still_remember_how_nervous_I_was_on_my_first_day_in_the_new_school_three_years_ago,_when_I_found_it_difficult_to_follow_my_teacher_in_the_first_English_class._
2．用which引导的定语从句连接句3和句4
The_teacher_spoke_English_throughout_the_class,_which_was_totally_different_from_the_lessons_I_had_taken_before.
第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分
I_still_remember_how_nervous_I_was_on_my_first_day_in_the_new_school_three_years_ago,_when_I_found_it_difficult_to_follow_my_teacher_in_the_first_English_class._The_teacher_spoke_English_throughout_the_class,_which_was_totally_different_from_the_lessons_I_had_taken_before.
In_the_morning_class_the_next_day,_the_English_teacher_came_to_me_while_I_was_reading_the_text_aloud_as_other_students._After_listening_to_me_for_a_while,_she_gave_me_a_big_smile_and_said_she_liked_my_voice_very_much._The_smile_shone_on_the_whole_day_and_the_following_days._A_week_later,_I_volunteered_to_take_charge_of_English_study_in_my_class._
Thanks_to_the_comforting_smile_in_my_first_morning_class,_I_began_to_be_confident.
Ⅰ.语法填空
Many people think the more time is spent, the more work will be done. So students have to spend the whole day __1__ (finish) schoolwork except the three meals. According to a survey __2__ (carry) out recently, many high school students now have no more than 7 hours to sleep. Consequently, their health is seriously damaged.
Modern students usually have __3__ (various) of interests and hobbies. A twoday weekend can free them __4__ too much schoolwork, and they can do whatever they like. But the fact is __5__ teachers arrange lots of homework for students to do at weekends. With piles of homework __6__ (do), the students cannot afford time to enjoy themselves. Many students are bored with their weekend homework and do it carelessly, __7__， of course, makes teachers angry.
Things always get worse without right ideas. Too much schoolwork makes students lose interest in learning. It's also bad for their health.
A horse runs faster after a rest. But for students only rest is not enough. They are __8__ (heavy) burdened with too much homework. It is high time we __9__ (take) effective measures to remove the burden upon them.
Please give students __10__ (little) homework and leave them more free time.
语篇解读：现在，许多高中生除了三餐外都在抓紧时间学习；然而太多的作业让他们失去了学习兴趣，甚至危害到他们的健康。本文作者倡导学生应该劳逸结合，注重学习效率。
1．finishing spend ...(in) doing sth.表示“某人花时间或精力做某事”。
2．carried 提示词carry所表示的动作与a survey之间是被动关系，故填过去分词。过去分词短语carried out recently作后置定语，修饰a survey。
3．varieties varieties of ...为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的……”。
4．from free sb. from ...是固定搭配，意为“把某人从……中解放出来”。
5．that 分析本句句子结构可知，此处需用that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。
6．to do with sth. to do表示“有某事需要去做”。
7．which 此处需要关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语。
8．heavily 此处需填提示词的副词形式修饰谓语。
9．took It is high time (that) sb. did sth.意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”，从句用一般过去时表虚拟语气。
10．less 与本空后more free time对应，应填提示词的比较级形式。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last winter vacation, my parents and I went back to our hometown, where I spend my childhood. Walking slow in the quiet small town reminded me of the good old day. I went from street to street, in the search of my childhood footprints. Suddenly, I found me at the gate of the primary school on which I studied for six years. As I entered, I was surprised find that the old classroom building was gone. But it was filling with my childhood memories! I felt such sad that tears ran down my cheeks. It was just like the feeling I had while a good friend left me forever.
答案：第一句：spend→spent
第二句：slow→slowly; day→days
第三句：去掉the
第四句：me→myself; on→in
第五句：find前加to
第六句：filling→filled
第七句：such→so
第八句：while→when
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是某中学学生会主席李华。请你根据以下要点给你校外教Daniel发一封邮件，邀请他参加你校的运动会。
时间
6月26日上午8：00－12：00
地点
操场
学生项目
田赛，径赛
教师项目
4×100米接力赛，运球跑(running with a ball)
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件的开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Daniel，
I'm Li Hua, Chair of the Students' Union of our school.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
参考
范文
销售月计划范文二年级看图写话和范文歌颂党的朗诵稿语文万能作文党代会闭幕式讲话
：
Dear Daniel，
I'm Li Hua, Chair of the Students' Union of our school. I am writing to invite you to take part in the school sports meet to be held on June 26.
It will begin at 8：00 am in the playground of our school and last four hours. The sports meet will include track and field events for students, such as the relay, the high jump and the long jump. There will also be some games for teachers, such as the 4×100m relay race and running with a ball.
It will be a lot of fun. I'm sure you will enjoy it. We are all looking forward to your coming.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
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