诗歌-TonePPT课件

Tone,inliterature,maybedefinedasthewriter'sorspeaker'sattitudetowardthesubject,theaudience,ortowardherself/himself.Toneisanabstractionwemakefromalmostalltheelementsofapoem:ideas,diction,syntax,imagery,figuresofspeech,theuseofmeterandrhyme,readers,etc.TextATone1-1Thoughatechnicalterm,itisdiscussedusuallyinordinaryvocabulary.Thetonecanbedescribedas“cold”,“eager”,“uncertainty”andsoon.Therangesofthetoneisvariousandcomplex:formalorintimate,solemnorplayful,mockingorfriendly,seriousorcritical,calmorexciting,ironicorhumorous,arrogantorprayerful.Therecognitionofthetoneofpoemisimportantinunderstandingthepoemultimately.2-VoiceandToneWhenwereadapoem,wehearaspeaker’svoice,anditisthroughthisvoice,weperceivethetoneofthepoem.Apoemiswrittenbyanauthor,butspokenbyaninventedspeaker,whoisdesignedtosatisfythegenericrequirementsandartisticaimsofaparticularliterarywork.Therearemainlytwokindsofspeakers:thosewhoareabsolutelyfictionalcharacters,totallydifferentfromtheirauthorsorthosewhoplayacertainroleinworks,butarepresentedmuchclosertotheauthors.3-Thevoiceofaliteraryworkreferstothevoicereadersareawareof,beyondthedramaticvoicesoffictitiouscharactersinthework,orbeneaththepersonalvoicesoftheauthor.Thedistinctionsbetweenvariouskindsofvoicetendtobedistinctionsbetweenkindsofnarratorintermsofhowtheyaddressthereader,ratherthanintermsofhowtheyperceiveevents,asinthedistinctconceptofpointofview.4-1Tone,whichcanbeimportantinanalyzingashortstory,iscrucialtotheinterpretationofpoetry.Personaiscloselyrelatedtotone.Inordertoidentifypersonaanddeterminetone,youtoaskyourselfquestionsaboutthepoem.Readthefollowingpoem,payattentiontothecharacterandtrytoidentifythetoneofthisspeaker’svoice.Isthespeakerangry,frightened,astonished,admiring?Orperhapssincere,humorous,ordeceptive?5-MyPapa’sWaltzTheodoreRoethke(1908-1963)ThewhiskeyonyourbreathCouldmakeasmallboydizzy;ButIhungonlikedeath:Suchwaltzingwasnoteasy.WerompeduntilthepansSlidfromthekitchenshelf;Mymother'scountenanceCouldnotunfrownitself.ThehandthatheldmywristWasbatteredononeknuckle;AteverystepyoumissedMyrightearscrapedabuckle.YoubeattimeonmyheadWithapalmcakedhardbydirt,ThenwaltzedmeofftobedStillclingingtoyourshirt.6-Identifyingthetoneleadustoconcludethatthiswaltzingwasnotfunfortheboy,thenwecoulddescribethetoneasironic(becauseofthediscrepancybetweenthepleasantideaofthewaltzandtheboy’sunpleasantexperience).Wecould,possiblydescribethetoneasdetached,becausetheboy-speakergivesnoclearindicationofhisfeelings.Weallbringourownexperiencetobearininterpretingapoem.Whatyoushouldbecarefulaboutisallowingyourpersonalexperiencetocarrytoomuchweightinyourresponse.If,forinstance,youhadanabusivefather,youmightsostronglyidentifywiththeboy’sdiscomfortthatyouwouldcallthetoneresentful.Ontheotherhand,ifyouenjoyedalovingrelationshipwithyourfather,youmightwellfind,asdoesanAmericanreader,“thespeaker’sattitudetowardhisfatherwarmlyaffectionate,”andtakethisrecollectionofchildhoodtobeahappyone.7-TheattitudeoftheboytowardhisfatherinRoethke’s“MyPapa’sWaltz”reinforcesthepoet’sloving,nostalgictone.Ifyouwroteonthefirstthesis,youwouldfocusontheconflictingevidencesuggestingthattheboyisdelightedbyhisfather’sattentionbutfrightenedbythecoercionofthedance.Ifyouwroteonthesecondthesis,youwouldciteevidenceoftheboy’sdiscomfortandarguethatthe“waltzing”inthetitleandtherollickingmeterarethusclearlyironic.Ifyouwroteonthelastthesis,youwouldemphasizethesprightlymeterandplayfulrhymeswhichpresentthedanceasafriskyrompandshowthattheboyishavingasplendidtime.8-WaltWhitman(1819-1892)Heisoneofthemost-recognizedfiguresinAmericanliteraryhistory:poet,patriotandfaithfuladvocateofdemocracy（民主制度）.9-WorksLeavesofGrass《草叶集》1855SongofMyself《自我之歌》SongoftheBroad-Axe《阔斧之歌》1856IHearAmericaSinging《我听见美洲在歌唱》1860WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom`d《小院丁香花开时》1865-186610-《林肯总统纪念组诗》1861（其中《当紫丁香最近在庭园里开放的时候》和《啊，船长，我的船长！》最出色。）《一路摆过布鲁克林渡口》ProseworksDemocraticvistas《民主的前景》1871Thetrampandstrikequestion《流浪汉和罢工问题》187911-12-13-LeavesofGrass,185632poems,including“CrossingBrooklynFerry”《一路摆过布鲁克林渡口》“SongoftheBroad-Axe”阔斧之歌WhitmanhasEmerson’spraiseprintedonthespine 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 籍ingoldletters:“Igreetyouatthebeginningofagreatcareer.”14-LeavesofGrass,1860146newpoemsaddedtothe32poemsofthesecondedition,including“IhearAmericasinging”,“OutoftheCradle,EndlesslyRocking”《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》15-LeavesofGrass,1867Added8newpoemsIncorporates(收入)“Drum-Taps”《桴鼓集》(1865),andSequel(续集)toDrum-Taps,including“WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d《最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候》“OCaptain,MyCaptain”《啊，船长，我的船长》.16-LeavesofGrass：IntroductionCome,saidmysoul,SuchversesformyBodyletuswrite,(forweareone,)ThatshouldIafterreturn,Or,long,longhence,inotherspheres,Theretosomegroupofmatesthechantsresuming,(TallyingEarth'ssoil,trees,winds,tumultuouswaves,)Everwithpleas'dsmileImaykeepon,Everandeveryettheversesowning--as,first,IhereandnowSigningforSoulandBody,settothemmyname来吧，我的灵魂说，让我们为我的肉体写下这样的诗，（因为我们是一体，）以便我，要是死后无形地来，或者离此很远很远，在别的天地里，在那里向某些同伙们再继续歌唱时，（合着大地的土壤，树木，天风，和激荡的海水，）我可以永远欣慰地唱下去，永远永远地承认这些是我的诗——因为我首先在此时此地，代表肉体和灵魂，给它们签下我的名字。17- SongofMyself    沃尔特‧惠特曼，一个宇宙，曼哈顿的儿子，  骚动不安、肉体发达、情欲旺盛，吃、喝、生殖，  决不是故作多情的人，也不是高人一等、独往独来的人……  我信奉肉体和欲望，  看、听、触是奇迹，我的每一部分和标记也都是奇迹。  我从里到外都是神性的，  我祝圣凡是我触过的或被触过的东西，  这些腋窝的芳香比祷告还美，  这个脑袋胜过教堂、经典、和所有的信条。 18-Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,我赞美我自己，歌颂我自己，AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,我所承担的一切,你也必须承担，Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.因为属于我的每一个原子,也同样属于你。 Iloafeandinvitemysoul,我闲游,并邀我的灵魂同往，Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.我悠闲地俯视一片夏天的草叶。  19-  Mytongue,everyatomofmyblood,form'dfromthissoil,thisair,我的舌头，我血液中的每个原子，都由这泥土、这空气所形成Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,我生于这里，我的父母生于这里，他们的父母也生于这里，I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,我如今三十七岁，在健康良好的状况下出发，Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.愿至死方休。 20-Creedsandschoolsinabeyance,教条和学派先放一旁，Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten,让他们暂且后退，满足于现状，但不被遗忘，Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard,我心怀善与恶，我要不顾一切地述说，Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.自然那原始的活力，不受任何的阻扰。21-