条件句(虚拟语气)

虚拟语气Subjunctivemood真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。　　　时态关系句型：条件从句　　　主句　　一般现在时　　shall/will+动词原形　Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.真实条件句 典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.　A.　willrain　B.rains　C.rained　D.israined 注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.　2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句 时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.　同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句　　　　　主句一般过去时　　　should(would)+动词原 Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.　表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句　　　　　主句　　　　　过去完成时　　　should(would)have+过去分 Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.　　 Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.　 IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing. Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit. Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.　c.　表示对将来的假想 句型：　条件从句　　　　　　主句一般过去时　　　　should+动词原形were+不定式　　　would+动词原形should+动词原形 Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright. Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright. Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.1.与现在的事实相反 1)Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy___? ［A］ifyouhavefreechoicetochoosethecarsavailabletoday ［B］ifyouarefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday ［C］ifallcarsavailablewerefreetobechosenbyyou ［D］ifyouwerefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday2.与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的shouldhavedone表示责备或后悔) 2)___hewouldhavecometoclass. ［A］IfMikeisabletofinishhishomework ［B］WouldMikebeabletofinishhishomework ［C］IfMikecouldfinishhishomewor ［D］IfMikehadbeenabletofinishhishomework 3)IftheUnitedStateshadnotenteredtheSecondWorldWar，probablythe1940unemploymentrateof14％___stillfurther. ［A］wouldrise ［B］wouldrisen ［C］wouldhaverisen ［D］hadrisen 4)Topgrade ［A］diamondshadnot ［B］increasedsosharply ［C］invalueinthelateseventies ［D］ifonecompanyhadnotcontrolledalmostalloftheworld’ssupply. diamondswouldhavenot3.与将来的事实相反 5)ItissaidTomwillgotoanappointmenttommorrow.Ifheweretocometomorrow,I___askhimtogotoyourplace. ［A］will ［B］would ［C］shall ［D］might 6)Ifyou___toseeMary，whatwouldyoutellher? ［A］are ［B］willbegoing ［C］must ［D］were混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在). IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry___soserious. ［A］wouldn’tbe ［B］willnothavebeen ［C］wouldn’thavebeen ［D］wouldhavenotbeen虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus. =Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus. Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. =Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.　 Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved =Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved. 注意：　在虚拟语气的从句中，动词‘be’的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。 IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。 Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题　_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereI　　B.Iwere　C.WereI　D.WasI　 答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo. 1)___today,hewouldgettherebyThursday. ［A］Heisstartingout ［B］Ifhestartsout ［C］Wouldhestartout ［D］Werehetostartout 2)___，Johnwouldnothavefailed. ［A］Ifhehaslistenedtome ［B］Hadhelistenedtome ［C］Ifhelistenedtome ［D］Assoonashelistenedtome特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。 句型：　　　(1)suggestedItis　(2)important　　that…+(should)do　　　(3)apity (1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder eg:Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek. eg:Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doeg:Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere. 注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.　判断改错: Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill. Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill. Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong. Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference. Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.wish的用法 1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： IwishIwereastallasyou.　 我希望和你一样高。 Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 Iwishitwouldraintomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用would＋动词原形 Iwishyouwouldstayherelonger. 我希望你在这儿多呆一会。 Shewishesyouwouldn'tgo. 她希望你不要走。特殊连词的需要： lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形) WedarenotplayjokesonMr.Wanglestheshouldbecomeangry.(我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。) He’sworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfailintheexam.(他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。) 介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。 如butfor,butthat…,incaseof,otherwise,supposing,undermorefavourablecondition,without等表示让步假设 Heworkedveryhard;otherwisehemighthavefailed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。)Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions. (假设我们有更有利条件，我们还会做得更好。) 1)Butforhishelp，I. ［A］shouldnothavesucceeded ［B］hadnotsucceede ［C］didnotsuccee ［D］havenotsucceeded 2)Thecommitteerecommendsthatthematteratthenextmeeting. ［A］wouldbediscussed ［B］willbediscussed ［C］bediscussed ［D］maybediscussed