宾语补足语的用法PPT精品课件

宾语补足语的用法　英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear．他们去年建了一所房子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位让给我。5．S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday．他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout．我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout．我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、现在分词：I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：5、过去分词：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6．此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4、动词不定式：Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to的取舍问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一词，跟tobe型不定式带to；跟todo型不定式不带to。3、help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。（请参见“动词不定式”一节）五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。单句改错Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwithTellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settled       B.settling      C.tosettle    D.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself____withhis____English.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingGrammarUnit8EnglishWeek1.Tolearnhowtousethemodalverbshould2.TolearnhowtousehadbetterobjectivesModalverb:should1.Inmyopinion,everyschoolshouldhaveanEnglishWeek.2.YoushouldcommunicateinEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.3.YoushouldreadEnglishbooksandmagazines,andwatchEnglishtelevisionprogrammes.4.Aboveall,youshouldenjoyEnglish.5.Whatshouldwedo?6.Weshouldtakethischance.1.Inmyopinion,everyschool___________anEnglishWeek.2.You__________________inEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.3.You___________Englishbooksandmagazines,andwatchEnglishtelevisionprogrammes.4.Aboveall,you___________English.5.What______we___?6.We___________thischance.shouldhaveshouldcommunicateshouldreadshouldenjoyshoulddoshouldtakegoReady?1.Iwasn’tsurewhetherI____offertohelpornot.A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.needed2.—Bob,didyouhaveagoodtimeatJane’spartylastnight?—Yes,butIreally____becausewehadanEnglishexamthismorning.A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.needn’t1.should在肯定句中可用来讨论义务和职责或提出建议，意为“应该”。如：情态动词should的用法Youshouldpaymoreattentiontospelling.2.should后面跟不带to的动词不定式。否定式为shouldnot，其缩略形式是shouldn’t，意为“不应该”。如：Youshouldnot/shouldn’tplayfootballinthestreet.3.should用于疑问句，表示征求意见或请求指示。如：—ShouldIcallthepolice?—Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn’t.4.should还可以表示更正别人的说法。—Thetotalpriceofthesebooksis230.5yuan.—No.Thatshouldbe232.5yuan.Checkitagain.注意：should和oughtto均可用来谈论义务和职责或提出建议。两者可以互换使用，不过should常用得多。如：Youshould/oughttotakeyourmother’sadvice.1.must的意思与should和oughtto类似，但语气更强或更肯定，表示“必须”之意，常含有命令的性质；should和oughtto的语气则相对缓和些。如：should,oughtto&mustYoumustgiveupdrinking.你必须戒酒。(说话者可能是医生，强调命令执行的必须性。)Youreallyshould/oughttogiveupdrinking.你真的应该戒酒。(可能是来自亲友的劝告。)2.should可以替代must使指示听起来更客气些。如：Youshouldsendtheletterby30June.你应该在六月三十日之前寄出这封信。3.should和oughtto可以用来预测，表示预期会发生什么事情。must往往不这样用。如：明天天气会好的。Itshouldbefinetomorrow.()Itmustbefinetomorrow.()ArthurshouldreadmoreEnglishbooks.He______________magazinesaboutpopstarsallthetime.Emily_______________herwordsmoreclearlywhenshespeaksinEnglish.She_________againinthespeakingcompetitionnextyear.Amy___________morefriends.She_____________tooshy.Joseph_________hishomeworkmorecarefully.He______also_____morecarefullybeforehespeaks!shouldnotreadshouldpronounceshouldtryshouldmakeshouldshoulddoshouldthinknotbeMsCheniswritingareportaboutherstudents.Helphercompletethereportwithshouldorshouldnotandtheverbsfromthebox.(P120)AbedomakepronouncereadthinktryAskandanswerthequestionswithshould.Whatshouldwedoifwefindapurseontheclassroomfloor?Whatshouldpeopledoiftheywanttomakegoodpublicspeeches?Whatshouldwedotoourparentswhentheyareold?Whatshouldwedoifwewanttogetbettermarks?Possibleanswers:Whatshouldwedoifwewanttogetbettermarks?2.Whatshouldwedoifwefindapurseontheclassroomfloor?3.Whatshouldwedotoourparentswhentheyareold?4.Whatshouldpeopledoiftheywanttomakegoodpublicspeeches?Weshouldstudyharderifwewanttogetbettermarks.Weshouldtakethepursetotheteacherifwefinditontheclassroomfloor.Weshouldlookafterourparentswhentheyareold.Theyshouldspeakslowly,clearlyandconfidentlyiftheywanttomakegoodpublicspeeches.1.They’dbetterspeakclearlyandconfidently.2.We’dbetterfindarichtravellerandtakehisgold!3.Wehadbettergobeforeitrains.4.Hehadbetterstayinbedtomorrow.5.You’dbetternotdisturbhim.6.Shehadbetternottellliesanymore.1.They______________clearlyandconfidently.2.We____________arichtravellerandtakehisgold!3.We____________beforeitrains.4.He______________inbedtomorrow.5.You___________________him.6.She________________liesanymore.’dbetterspeak’dbetterfindhadbettergohadbetterstay’dbetternotdisturbhadbetternottellgoReady?1.You_____giveupsmoking.A.hadbetterB.shouldC.canD.oughtto2.Mr.Whiteisofgreathelp;you___lethimgo.A.hadnotbetterB.hadbetterdon’tC.hadbetternotD.hadnobetterhadbetter用来表示竭力劝告，或告诉人们(包括自己)该做什么事，意为“做……是好的；最好还是”。hadbetter之后要用不带to的动词不定式，即：hadbetterdo，其缩略形式为’dbetter。通常用“hadbetternot+不带to的动词不定式”来表示否定。如：hadbetter的用法We’dbetterhurryorwewillmissthetrain.You’dbetternotgooutlateatnight.用于回答时，通常用简略式。如：—ShallIwashmyclothesrightnow?—You’dbetter./You’dbetternot.注意：hadbetter通常并不表示所提出的建议比其他选择更好——这里没有比较的意思。hadbetter用于谈论最近的将来，比should或oughtto在时间上更为紧急。如：Thereisonlyfiveminutesleft.Youhadbetterhurryup.只剩五分钟了。你还是快点吧。1.Vickydoesnotfeelwell.Shehasgotacold.Yousaytoher,“_____________________________.”2.MandyandJasonaregoingtohaveapicnicwithJudy.MandyandJasonhavearrivedbutJudyislateagain.MandysaystoJason,“____________________________________________.”You’dbettergoandYou’dbetternotaskhertocomealongnexttimeseeadoctorCompletethesentenceswithhadbetterorhadbetternotandtheexpressionsfromthebox.B3.Somefriendsaregoingtovisityoutoday.Thefloorisdirty.Yousaytoyourself,“_______________________.”4.Yourmotherneedstogooutnow,butitisgoingtorain.Yousaytoher,“___________________________________.”5.Youwillhaveanexamtomorrow.Yourmothersaystoyou,“_______________________________.”I’dbettersweepYou’dbettertakeanYou’dbetterthefloorumbrellawithyounotwatchTVtonightYou’dbettertowaitformeattheschoolgate.Ihavebetterwritetohimnow.Youhadnotbettergothere.Iwillhavebettercleantheroomrightnow.Hehasbetterspeakslowlyandconfidently.Correctthesentences.waithadbetternothadhadhad1.情态动词should的用法；2.should,oughtto和must的区别；3.hadbetter的用法。1.Youshouldeattoomuch.(改为否定句)You______________toomuch.2.Heshouldspeakslowly.(改为一般疑问句)_________________slowly?3.It’sbestforyoutogetupearly.(改为同义句)You_____________upearly.I.按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。shouldnoteatShouldhespeakhadbetterget4.You’dbettertakemuchmoneywithyou.(改为否定句)You__________________muchmoneywithyou.5.TomshouldpractisemoretoimprovehisChinese.(对划线部分提问)____________Tom___toimprovehisChinese?hadbetternottakeWhatshoulddo1.我们接下来该怎么办呢？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.你应该多喝水。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　3.你最好按时还书。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4.他们不应该整天呆在家里。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　5.我们最好打扫一下教室。　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅱ.根据汉语提示翻译下列句子。Whatshouldwedonext?Youshould/oughttodrinkmorewater.Youhadbetterreturnthebookontime.Theyshouldnotstayathomeallday.We’dbettersweeptheclassroom.Homework1.Makesomesentencesusingshouldandhadbetter.(atleast10)2.FinishtheexercisesinLearningEnglish.3.PreviewSpeakingonpage122.