应用语言学ppt课件

TheNeedofAppliedLinguistics.Inourdailylife,weuselanguagetocommunicatewithourfriendsandwritenotes.Whileusinglanguage,werarelyconcernaboutwhatislanguageandtheconceptoflanguage.However,peoplesometimesfacewithproblemsorchallengesthatrelatetolanguage,suchaslanguageteachingimprovementsandtranslatingimprovements,abouthowtopromotetheefficiencyofteachingandtranslating..Toanswerthequestionandcomeupwithbettersolution,weneedasubjecttospecializeinlanguageandresearchaccordingtothelanguagetheoriesandanalysisinreasonandsystematicallyway.Thiskindofsubjecthastobedifferentfromtheoreticallinguisticsandfocusonsolvinglinguisticproblemsandimprovethelanguageefficiency.Thus,appliedlinguisticsisaninterdisciplinaryfieldoflinguisticsthatidentifies,investigates,andofferssolutionstolanguage-relatedreal-lifeproblems..WehavereadthestoryabouttheTowerofBabelinthebookofGenesis,itisaboutthepeoplewerebuildingatowerwhichcantouchtheheaven.TheGodmessedupthelanguageamongthepeopleanddrovethemtoseparate.Fromthisstorywecanseelanguagecanbothreachtoharmonyandcoursediscrepancy.Inthecontemporaryworld,especiallyinmodernChina,wearefacingethniccontradictionsinpoliticsandculturalfields.Thestudyofappliedlinguisticaredealingconcernedwiththerelationofknowledgeaboutlanguagetodecisionmakingintheseproblems..ExamplesandProcedures.1.Whichlanguageshouldbeaddedinuniversities‘course?Chinese/spanish/IndianlanguageGujarati（古吉拉特语）Chinese:theworld'slargestfirstlanguage.Spainish:oneofmostwidelydistributedlanguages.Gujarati:largestsecondlanguageinschoolandlocalcommunity..conductingasurveymakinginvestigationinterviewingstudentsandtheirparents..2.Whichkindofcourseeducationalorganizationshouldoffer?Courseshouldfocuson:writingorspeaking?courseshouldbetheoreticalorpractical?.basedontheneedsoflearners.offerdifferentcoursesandletlearnerstochoose..3.Howtojudgetheauthorityofsecondlanguagespeakers?anexperiencedmanvsawell-educatedmanIamright!Youarewrong..Consultingathirdone.Employanativespeaker.4.Isitpropertosimplifyalanguageforconveniency?.Tojudgeitsadvantagesanddisadvantage.weighingtheprosandcons.5.IsEsperantoanecessity?(Esperantoisaninventedlanguagethatwasdesignedtohelppeoplefromdifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachother.)今天，以世界语为母语的人士约1000人。能流利使用的人估计十万到两百万人。.Nowadays,aroundonethousandpeopleuseEsperantoastheirnativelanguageandabout100thousandortwomillionpeoplecanmasterit..TheScopeofAppliedLinguisticsⅠ.LanguageandEducation.1.AL&LE‘Appliedlinguistics’isusingwhatweknowaboutlanguage,howitislearnedandhowitisused,inordertoachievesomepurposeorsolvesomeproblemintherealworld.----Schmitt&Celce-Murcia(2008:1)Languageeducationistheteachingandlearningofaforeignorsecondlanguage.Languageeducationisabranchofappliedlinguistics..TheNeedForLEIncreasingglobalizationhascreatedalargeneedforpeopleintheworkforcewhocancommunicateinmultiplelanguages.Theusesofcommonlanguagesareinareassuchastrade,tourism,internationalrelations,technology,media,andscience.ManycountriessuchasKorea,Japan,andChinaframeeducationpoliciestoteachatleastoneforeignlanguageattheprimaryandsecondaryschoollevels.However,somecountriessuchasIndia,Singapore,Malaysia,Pakistan,andthePhilippinesuseasecondofficiallanguageintheirgovernments.AccordingtoGAO(2010),Chinahasrecentlybeenputtingenormousimportanceonforeignlanguagelearning,especiallytheEnglishLanguage..3.Relevantscopes1.FirstLanguageEducation;2.StandardLanguageEducation;3.AdditionalLanguageEducation;4.MultilingualEducation;5.LearnerAutonomyinLanguageLearning;6.EducationalTechnologyandLanguageLearning;7.ClinicalLinguistics;8.LanguageTest;…….4.AcronymsandabbreviationsofLEALL:ApprenticeshipLanguageLearningCALL:computer-assistedlanguagelearningCLIL:contentandlanguageintegratedlearningCELI:CertificatodiConoscenzadellaLinguaItalianaCLL:communitylanguagelearningDELE:DiplomadeEspañolcomoLenguaExtranjeraDELF:diplômed'étudesenlanguefrançaiseEFL:EnglishasaforeignlanguageELL:EnglishlanguagelearningELT:Englishlanguageteaching.FLL:foreignlanguagelearningFLT:foreignlanguageteachingHLL:heritagelanguagelearningL1:firstlanguage,nativelanguage,mothertongueL2:secondlanguage(oranyadditionallanguage)LDL:LernendurchLehren(Germanforlearningbyteaching)LOTE:LanguagesOtherThanEnglishSLA:secondlanguageacquisitionTELL:technology-enhancedlanguagelearningTPRS:TeachingProficiencythrough.ReadingandStorytellingTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.TEFLA:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagetoadultsTESOL:teachingEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguagesTPR:TotalPhysicalResponseTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.UNIcert:isaEuropeanlanguageeducationsystemofmanyuniversitiesbasedontheCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLanguages..II.language,work,andlaw1.WorkplaceCommunicationDefination:thestudyofhowlanguageisusedintheworkplace.Theprocessofexchanginginformation(verbalornon-verbal)causeemployeesarefromdifferentpartsofsociety.Inordertoworkeffectively,employeesneedshowtocommmunicateinworkplace..languageplanningDefination:isadeliberateefforttoinfluencethefunction,structureoracquistitionoflanguagesorlanguagevarietywithinaspeechcommunity.TherepresentativeofsomelanguagepolicyExample:Putonghua、usetwolanguagesinTibet.ForensicLinguisticslanguageandthelaworlegallinguisticsDefination:theapplicationoflinguisticknowledge,methodsandinsightstotheforensiccontextoflaw,language,crimeinvestigation,trial,andjudicialprocedure.3areasofapplication:a)understandinglanguageofwrittenlaw.b)understandinglanguageuseinforensicandjudicialprocesses.c)theprovisionoflinguisticevidence.Ininvolvesarangeofexpertsandresearchersindifferentareasoffields..III.Language,information,andeffect1.Literarystylistics:thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlinguisticchoicesandeffectsinliterature.Itisthestudyofstyle,itisaninterdisciplinarysubject,abridgethatlinkslinguisticsandliteracycriticism..2.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis(CDA)CriticalDiscourseAnalysisisaninterdisciplinaryapproachtothestudyofdiscoursethatviewslanguageasaformofsocialpracticeandfocusesonthewayssocialandpoliticaldominationarereproducedintextandtalk.3.translationandinterpretation:Itisthecommunicationofthemeaningofasource-languagebymeansofanequivalenttarget-language..4.informationdesign:Informationdesignisthepracticeofpresentinginformationinawaythatfostersefficientandeffectiveunderstandingofit.lexicography:lexicographyistheartorcraftofcompiling,writingandeditingdictionaries..ADifficultRelationship----LinguisticsandAppliedLinguisitics.linguistics(theory)defination:thescientificstudyoflanguage.That'smeaswhichlooksforthegeneralitiesunderlyingactualappearance,soit'srepresnetanabstractidealizationoflanguage.(branches:Phonetics、Phonology、Morphology、Syntax、Semantic、Pragmatics).1)Phonology:studiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.2)Phonetics:studiesspeechsounds,includingproduction、descrptionandclassification.3)Morphology:concernedwithinternalorganizationofwords,whichstudiestheminimalunitsofmeaning-morphemes,andwordformationprocesses.4)Syntax:It'sabouttheprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences.5)Semantics:howmeaningsisencodedinalanguage.6)Pragmatics:Itisthestudyofmeaningincontext..AppliedlinguisticsAppliedlinguistics----referstotheuseoflinguisiticsresearchinlanguageteaching,putlinguisticstheoriesintopractice.Psycholingustics:theinterrelationoflanguageandmind,inprocessingandproducinguterrancesandinlanguageacquisition.Sociolinguistics:thestudyofthecharacteristicsoflanguagevarieties、functions、speakers.AnthropolpgicalLinguisitics:It'sinterestedprimarilyinthehistoryandstructureofformerlyunwrittenlanguage.ComputionalLinguistic:aninterdisciplinaryfieldwhichcentersaroundtheuseofcomputerstoprocessorproducehumanlanguage(naturallanguage)todistinguishitfromcomputerlanguage..MethodologyofAppliedLinguistics1.Refertotheories&findingsoflinguistics.2.Findappropriateschoolsandapproaches3Needsinvolvesinproblemsandexperience4.eformulateeach..OtherSchoolsofLinguistics1）CompetenceVSperformanceCompetence:alanguageuser'sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.Performance:theactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituation.ItwasdissucussedbyChomskyinhisAspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax.generativelinguistics(转换生成语法）.2）langueVSParoleLangue:Thesystemofcommunicationinspeechandwritingthatisusedbypeopleofaparticularcountry.Parole:Theactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwritingincluding:errorsslops.ItwasdiscussedbySaussure.Itbelongstothestrucuturallinguistics.`.3.functionallinguistics--HallidayFocus:ameansofcommunicationhowpeopleuseit?3）LanguagepotentialVSActuallanguagebehavior.SynchronicVSDiachronicDIACHRONICLinguistics(历时语言学）:isthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.SYNCHRONICLinguistics(共时语言学）：takesafiexdinstant(usuallybutnotnecessarily,thepresent)asitspointofobservation..4.corpuslinguistics(语料语言学）Useevidenceinsteadofintuitioncommonpurpose:engagewithdecisionmaking.ThankYou!.