AMS 4957D

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerService@sae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http://www.sae.org AMS 4957D AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Issued 1987-10 Revised 2008-01 Superseding AMS 4957C Titanium Alloy, Round Bar and Wire 3AI - 8V - 6Cr - 4Mo - 4Zr Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated and Cold Drawn (Composition similar to UNS R58640) RATIONALE AMS 4957D results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of round bar and wire, 0.625 inch (15.88 mm) and under in nominal diameter or thickness. 1.2 Application These products have been used typically for coil springs requiring high tensile strength and corrosion resistance, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Classification Bars and wire shall be classified as follow: Type 1 - Straight lengths; Solution heat treated, cold drawn, straightened and centerless ground Type 2 - Coil; Solution heat treated and cold drawn 1.3.1 Either Type 1 or Type 2 may be supplied unless a specific type is ordered. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. SAE AMS 4957D - 2 - 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS 2241 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat Resistant Steel, Iron Alloy, Titanium, and Titanium Alloy Bars and Wire AMS 2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Titanium and Titanium Alloys AMS 2631 Ultrasonic Inspection, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bar and Billet AMS 2750 Pyrometry AMS 2809 Identification, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought Products 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E 8 Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 112 Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E 426 Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Testing of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys ASTM E 1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique ASTM E 1417 Liquid Penetrant Examination ASTM E 1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E 1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys ASTM E 2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Atomic Emission Plasma Spectrometry 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E 1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with ASTM E 1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E 2371. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. TABLE 1 - Composition Element min max Vanadium 7.50 8.50 Chromium 5.50 6.50 Molybdenum 3.50 4.50 Zirconium 3.50 4.50 Aluminum 3.00 4.00 Iron -- 0.30 Oxygen -- 0.14 Palladium (3.1.2) -- 0.10 Carbon -- 0.05 Nitrogen -- 0.03 Hydrogen (3.1.1, 3.1.3) -- 0.030 (300 ppm) Yttrium (3.1.4) -- 0.005 ( 50 ppm) Other Elements, each (3.1.4) -- 0.15 Other Elements, total (3.1.4) -- 0.40 Titanium remainder 3.1.1 When ASTM E 1447 is used for hydrogen determination, sample size may be as large as 0.35 gram. SAE AMS 4957D - 3 - 3.1.2 Determination not required unless intentionally added. 3.1.3 To be determined on final product. 3.1.4 Determination not required for routine acceptance. 3.1.5 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS 2249. 3.2 Melting Practice 3.2.1 Alloy shall be multiple melted. Melting cycle(s) prior to the final melting cycle shall be made using vacuum consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice(s). The final melting cycle shall be made under vacuum using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice with no alloy additions permitted. 3.2.1.1 The atmosphere for melting cycle(s) prior to the final melting cycle(s) shall be vacuum or shall be argon and/or helium at an absolute pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury. 3.2.1.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled copper. 3.3 Condition Product shall be solution treated at 1450 to 1700 °F (790 to 925 °C) holding at the selected temperature within ±25 °F (±14 °C) for a time commensurate with the thickness and the heating equipment and procedure used, with a cooling rate equivalent to an air cool or faster and cold drawn to reduce cross sectional area by 20 to 35%. Pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS 2750. 3.3.1 Type 1 Straight lengths, after solution heat treatment and cold drawing, shall be straightened, centerless ground, cleaned, and acid pickled. Cleaning plus acid pickling shall remove not less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) metal from the surface. 3.3.2 Type 2 Coils, after solution heat treatment and cold drawing, shall be cleaned and acid pickled. Cleaning plus acid pickling shall remove not less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) metal from the surface. 3.3.3 Product shall be furnished bare unless lubricant coating is specified. The lubricant used shall not contain chlorides or other substances deleterious to titanium and shall be suitable for use on automatic spring winding machines. 3.4 Properties The product shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 As Cold Drawn 3.4.1.1 Coiling Product shall show uniform pitch when wound 2 coil minimum on an arbor having less than or equal to the diameter specified in Table 2. All surfaces of the coil test shall be visually inspected at 8-12X magnification for the existence of cracks and seems. The test piece shall be extended as required to allow inspection of the coils. SAE AMS 4957D - 4 - TABLE 2A - DIAMETER VS.ARBOR DIAMETER, INCH/POUND UNITS Nominal Diameter (D) Inch Arbor Diameter Inch Up to 0.125, incl 0.250 Over 0.125 to 0.187, incl 0.375 Over 0.187 to 0.250, incl 0.500 Over 0.250 to 0.312, incl 0.625 Over 0.312 to 0.375, incl 0.750 Over 0.375 to 0.435, incl 0.875 Over 0.435 to 0.500, incl 1.000 Over 0.500 to 0.560, incl 1.125 Over 0.560 to 0.625, incl 1.250 TABLE 2B - DIAMETER VS ARBOR DIAMETER, SI UNITS Nominal Diameter (D) Millimeters Arbor Diameter Millimeters Up to 3.18, incl 6.35 Over 3.18 to 4.75, incl 9.53 Over 4.75 to 6.35, incl 12.70 Over 6.35 to 7.92, incl 15.88 Over 7.92 to 9.53, incl 19.05 Over 9.53 to 11.05, incl 22.23 Over 11.05 to 12.70, incl 25.40 Over 12.70 to 14.22, incl 28.58 Over 14.22 to 15.88, incl 31.75 3.4.1.2 Microstructure Product shall be examined at 400X minimum magnification and determined to be uniform and free from defects and surface contamination such as alpha case. 3.4.1.3 Average Grain Size Product shall have an average grain size of ASTM No. 5 or finer, determined in accordance with ASTM E 112. For sizes 0.500 inch (12.7 mm) and above, occasional fields having an average grain size of ASTM No. 4 are permissible. The test sample shall be aged (decoration age) sufficiently to delineate grain boundaries. 3.4.2 After Aging The product shall have the following properties after being aged by heating to a temperature within the range 900 to 1050 °F (482 to 566 °C), holding at the selected temperature within ±10 °F (±6 °C) for 6 to 12 hours, and cooling in air. Pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS 2750. 3.4.2.1 Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 3, determined in accordance with ASTM E 8, as applicable. TABLE 3A - TENSILE PROPERTIES, INCH/POUND UNITS Nominal Diameter Inch Tensile Strength ksi Elongation in 4D %, min Reduction of Area %, min Up to 0.187, incl 190 to 210 10 20 Over 0.187 to 0.375, incl 185 to 205 10 20 Over 0.375 to 0.625, incl 180 to 200 8 20 SAE AMS 4957D - 5 - TABLE 3B - TENSILE PROPERTIES, SI UNITS Nominal Diameter Millimeters Tensile Strength MPa Elongation in 4D %, min Reduction of Area %, min Up to 4.75, incl 1310 to 1448 10 20 Over 4.75 to 9.52, incl 1276 to 1413 10 20 Over 9.52 to 15.88, incl 1241 to 1379 8 20 3.5 Quality The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product. 3.5.1 Visual Inspection The product shall have a smooth surface free from pits, seams, laps, cracks, ruptures, and abrasions; it shall be clean and free from kinks, twists, scrapes, splits, mechanical damage, and other imperfections. Coils shall have a uniform cast. 3.5.2 Nondestructive Testing of Type 1 Straight Lengths All product shall be tested by ultrasonic inspection or electromagnetic (eddy current) inspection (See 8.2). Ultrasonic inspection shall be both longitudinal, in accordance with AMS 2631, Class AA, and shear wave, as specified in 3.5.2.1. Electromagnetic inspection shall be performed by a technique equivalent to that in ASTM E 426. The noise amplitude, during inspection of bars, shall be not greater than 10% below the alarm gate height or 25% of full scale, whichever is less. 3.5.2.1 Ultrasonic Inspection of Type 1 Straight Lengths Calibration of ultrasonic equipment shall be performed at the start of operations and at least once every two hours of continuous operation or when there is a change of equipment or loss of power. A calibration standard as in 3.5.2.1.1 shall be used for each bar size. The diameter of the calibration standard used shall be within 5% of the diameter of the product being tested. The arrangement of transducers shall be such that no cross-talk is encountered. Bar supporting equipment shall provide in-line stability for the complete length of each bar. The equipment shall be such that transducers functioning in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction may be separately gated and recorded. The pulse rate of the equipment shall provide 100% coverage at maximum bar rotational rates. The helix feed angle shall be such that at least two rejectable signals are produced for each 0.250 inch (6.35 mm), or fraction thereof, of notch length on consecutive powered turns of the calibration standard bar. 3.5.2.1.1 Calibration Standard Notches shall be parallel to the bar axis with a length of 0.250 inch ± 0.002 to 0.500 inch ± 0.002 (6.35 mm ± 0.05 to 12.70 mm ± 0.05) and a maximum width of 0.003 inch (0.08 mm). Depth of notches shall be 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) maximum with signal amplitude and alarm gate set at 50% of full scale. Alternatively, deeper notches may be used, up to 0.004 inch (0.10 mm), providing that the signal amplitude and alarm gate are set so as to produce a rejectable signal from a 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) deep defect in production bars. 3.5.2.1.2 The placement of calibration notches in each standard shall be such that water-travel- distance, shear-angle, helix-angle, and equipment gain as established during calibration, remain identical during production applications. Calibration notches may be produced by electrodischarge machining. 3.5.3 Nondestructive Testing of Type 2 Coiled Product All product shall be nondestructively tested by electromagnetic (eddy current) inspection by a technique equivalent to that in ASTM E 426. Sizes below 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) diameter may be tested at the closest practical intermediate size. Large diameter product, furnished in coil form, which cannot be eddy current tested shall be free of cracks and ruptures detectable by liquid penetrant examination in accordance with ASTM E 1417. SAE AMS 4957D - 6 - 3.6 Tolerances Shall be in accordance with AMS 2241. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The vendor of the product shall supply all samples for vendor’s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Composition (3.1) microstructure (3.4.1.2), average grain size (3.4.1.3), tensile properties after aging (3.4.2.1), nondestructive testing of Type 1 straight lengths (3.5.2), and nondestructive testing of Type 2 coil (3.5.3) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Coiling (3.4.1.1), fluorescent penetrant testing of large diameter product furnished in coil form (3.5.3) are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. 4.3 Sampling and Testing Shall be in accordance with the following; a lot shall be all product of the same nominal size from the same heat processed at the same time. 4.3.1 Composition One sample from the top and bottom of each heat except that for hydrogen determinations, one sample from each lot obtained after thermal and chemical processing is completed. 4.3.2 Tensile Properties Two samples from each lot. 4.3.3 Microstructure One sample from each lot. 4.4 Reports The vendor shall provide a copy of the original material manufacturer’s report (material certification), including: producer name, product form, mill produced size, and country where the metal was melted (i.e., final melt in the case of metal processed by multiple melting operations). The vendor of the product shall furnish with each shipment a report showing the results of tests for composition of each heat and for the hydrogen content, average grain size, and tensile properties of each lot and stating that the product conforms to the other technical requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, heat and lot numbers, AMS 4957D, size, quantity, and aging time and temperature. SAE AMS 4957D - 7 - 4.5 Resampling and Retesting If any specimen used in the above tests fails to meet the specified requirements, disposition of the product may be based on the results of testing two additional specimens for each original nonconforming specimen. Failure of any retest specimen to meet the specified requirements shall be cause for rejection of the product represented. Results of all tests shall be reported. 5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY 5.1 Packaging and Identification 5.1.1 The product shall be supplied in straight lengths (Type 1), or coils (Type 2), as ordered. 5.1.2 The product shall be identified in accordance with AMS 2809 5.1.3 The product shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the product to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery. 5.1.4 The shipment shall include the wrapping test sample(s) (See 3.4.1.1). 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT A vendor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase orders. 7. REJECTIONS Product not conforming to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection. 8. NOTES 8.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of a specification. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the specification, including technical revision. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in specifications that contain editorial changes only. 8.2 Eddy current is recommended for sizes under 0.125 inch (3.18 mm); ultrasonic inspection is recommended for larger sizes. 8.3 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917. 8.4 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for information. 8.5 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following: AMS 4957D Type and size of product desired Quantity of product desired. PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE “G”