英国文化 BritCul

nullCHAPTER 4The Anglo in Anglo/SaxonCHAPTER 4British Culture PRISMsBritish Culture PRISMsIs cultural imperialism justifiable? Is personalized or impersonal power best for a culture? Why is privacy so important in Anglo-Saxon cultures? On what basis does British culture claim its superiority? nullIndividualism Extended family Community Monochronic Poychronic Low Context High Context Social Ambiguity Social Certainty Low Power Distance High power Distance Mastery Adaptation Emotionally Neutral Emotionally Expressive Quantity of Life Quality of life THE UNRIVALED BRITISH LITERARY GENIUSTHE UNRIVALED BRITISH LITERARY GENIUSWilliam Shakespeare William Blake Elizabeth Barrett Browning Robert Burns Lord Byron S.T. Coleridge Lewis Carroll Chaucer John Donne Percy Shelley Alfred Lord Tennyson William Wordsworth William Butler Yeats Charles Dickens John Keats John Milton nullSIX KEY ANGLO-SAXON CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONSSIX KEY ANGLO-SAXON CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONSRule of law & institutions Capitalism (free markets) Science & technology Education Meritocracy (rewarding the best achievers) Pragmatism (focusing on what works best for the greatest number of people)INSTITUTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONSINSTITUTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONSBritish common law: innocent until proven guilty; jury system; representative legal counsel; bail; impartial justice. Under the Napoleonic Code of France, most judges serve as rubber stamps for prosecutors--“guilty until proven innocent.” Checks & balances on government power (the democratic institutional model) Institutional/cultural imperialism (USA, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) nullBritish imperialism focused on transplanting democratic institutions & government to the nations colonized by Britain when it was truly the United Kingdom. Thus, Britain’s form of imperialism has lasted longer than any other nation’s empire building because it lives on in the democratic institutions of its former colonies (America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bermuda, Guyana, etc.) THE MAGNA CARTATHE MAGNA CARTA1. English foundation of modern constitutional law in 1215 which limited the power of English kings 2. Required kings to be bound by laws & guaranteed certain political liberties for commoners; separated church and state; & reformed the legal system 3. “No man shall be arrested, or imprisoned, or deprived of his property, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any way destroyed, nor shall we go against him, unless by legal judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.” nullnullFiji Gambia Ghana Gibraltar Haiti Hawaii Hong Kong India Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Kenya Kuwait Afganistán America Araba Austria Bahrain Belize Belize Bermuda Bhutan Botswana Brunei Canada Caymans Cyprus Egypt FalklandsLebanon Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Malta Montserrat Namibia New Zealand Nigeria Pakistan Qatar Scotland Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Syria Tanzania Tobago Trinidad Uganda Zanzíbar Zimbabwe nullA CULTURE OF CONSERVATIVE, PRINCIPLED BEHAVIOR A CULTURE OF CONSERVATIVE, PRINCIPLED BEHAVIOR Non-compromising on principle (non-pragmatic) Steadfast, stable, and stalwart Stick with the system BEDROCK BRITISH PRINCIPLESBEDROCK BRITISH PRINCIPLESRule of law Power of institutions over men Patriotism Duty Steadfastness nullIt was the sea-going British that established the tradition that the captain goes down with his ship—sacrificing your life is the ultimate rule of duty. Duty is a paramount principle to the British mind. The British believe that doing your duty determines what kind of a person you are and what kind of nation Britain is.Margaret Thatcher: The “Iron Lady”Margaret Thatcher: The “Iron Lady”Sir Winston, the stalwartSir Winston, the stalwartCHURCHILL QUOTE UNQUOTECHURCHILL QUOTE UNQUOTEWe have not journeyed across the centuries, across the oceans, across the mountains, across the prairies, because we are made of sugar candy. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields, and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender! nullThe formal British believe that they should act a a role model for their nation’s heritage through all circumstances—hence formal dress, proper grammar, & diligence in duty.nullThe Proverbial British Gentleman (principle over pragmatism)The Proverbial British Gentleman (principle over pragmatism) MANNERED INDIVIDUALISMThe people of London are the most civilized in the world. Their civilization is based on the recognition that all people are imperfect, and due allowances should be made for their imperfections. I have never experienced quite such a sense of balance elsewhere. What is acceptable and what is not acceptable is very well understood by everybody. (American jazz genius, Duke Ellington) MANNERED INDIVIDUALISMCODE OF THE GENTLEMANCODE OF THE GENTLEMANPrincipled behavior (based on higher standards than self-centeredness) Personal integrity Tactful & understated Well grounded in the finer things of life Well mannered and groomed A good host EVERYDAY BRITISH FORMALITYEVERYDAY BRITISH FORMALITYChildren expected to behave like “little adults” (example: Harry Potter characters) “Proper” grammar even for the lower classes Dress to fit the occasion Good posture Impeccable table manners “Sir” & “ma’am” “Cheeky” (uncivilized) Americans“Cheeky” (uncivilized) AmericansnullTHE BRITISH BUSINESS CULTURETHE BRITISH BUSINESS CULTURE1. Sophisticated wit & off-the-wall verbal humor (in contrast to the Germans) 2. Avoid the hard sell & marketing glitz (emphasize substance over “sizzle”) 3. “Don’t take business too seriously--it’s not really a profession” 4. The good-ole-boy “kitchen cabinet” (Reflecting British class structure, key executive decisions are often made in a “good ole boy” network of long-time friends who might not even work for the company) THE BRITISH VIEW BUSINESS THE WAY AMERICANS VIEW:THE BRITISH VIEW BUSINESS THE WAY AMERICANS VIEW:Used car salesmen Pawn shops Tele-marketers Casinos Garage sales AM radio null WHY STICK WITH THE STATUS QUO? “Because our system is the best! Change compromises perfection.”THE BRITISH CULTURAL LEGACYTHE BRITISH CULTURAL LEGACYInstitutional imperialism Moral fiber & toughness Nationalistic willpower & tenacity Playing by the rules Interpersonal formality & reserve