比较中美在交通事故方面的不同-Compare the differences in traffic accident between China and U.S.

比较中美在交通事故方面的不同 一、对比中美的交通事故现状 中国的交通事故死亡率在世界上是最高的,每年因交通事故死亡超过1 00000人,超过50000000人伤残。再看看在美国每年大约有40000人死亡。根据里程,每100000000英里以下1.5人死亡的平均。即使按中国50000000号车计算,中国的交通事故死亡率保持在美国的10倍以上。 二、对于中美交通事故的原因 (一)人的因素 2.1.1 驾驶员方面 在我国由于机动车驾驶员数量以及增长速度过高,群体文化素质不高,安全驾驶技术水平不高,部分驾驶员缺乏职业道德,交通违法行为严重,这些因素都是发生交通事故的重要原因。驾驶员在行车过程中注意力分散、疲劳过度、休息不充分、睡眠不足、酒后驾车、身体健康状况欠佳等潜在的心理、生理性原因,造成反应迟缓而酿成交通事故。而在美国驾照考试注重道路 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 的考核,建立年轻驾驶员的驾照分布发放 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ,确保上路行驶的驾驶员持有合法驾照并且具有充分的驾驶能力,减少使用酒精或药物,提高驾驶员的安全意识。并且美国在驾驶员驾驶中的生理研究,在各路面的感知特性研究等方面投入较大获获得了许多领先世界的研究成果。 2.1.2 行人及骑自行车人方面 在中国因经济环境等因素路面上有许多以自行车为主要交通工具的人,而不走非机动车道,抢占机动车道;行人方面不走人行横道、地下通道、天桥;翻越护栏、横穿路口;任意横穿机动车道,翻越中间隔离带;青少年或儿童突然跑到道路上;不遵守道路交通信号及各种标志等,从而导致交通事故。而美国因全面交通安全知识普及较早,国民交通素质较高,安全意识高,安全防范自觉性较强,在各类公共场所都能自觉遵守相关规定。同时,国家对违规的处罚十分严厉,一次警戒所有民众。 2.2.3 执法人员方面 在我国一些交通民警业务素质不高,管理水平较低,在处理少数严重违章和肇事者时因是亲戚、熟人而过于宽宥,甚至放一马。有些地方交通管理的观念和措施跟不上迅速变化的形势,事故防范体系不健全,缺乏严格的管理。在美国交警的培训非常严格,并且美国的通讯设备十分发达,先进的基础设施实现高效的管理。 (二) 车辆因素 在我国机动车拥有量增长迅速,数量激增的机动车已成为现代社会经济发展和提高人民的生活质量的标志之一,机动车拥有量增加速度已大大超过了道路的增长速度,使交通事故绝对数和交通事故伤亡人数急剧上升,加之我国高速公路建设步伐比较快,而车辆性能更新速度还未能跟上高速公路的建设步伐,车辆高速行驶可靠性差、安全性差,导致我国高速公路交通事故处于快速增长的趋势。美国整体车辆的质量和性能较为优越,并且因为经济因素很少存在车辆过长期使用,很少存在因贪图便宜而购买淘汰及废旧车辆,并且在车俩安全性等方面研究及重视程度高于我国。 (三) 道路因素 在我国尤其是城市道路交通构成不合理,交通流中车型复杂,人车混行、机非混行问题严重;部分地方公共交通不发达,服务水平低,安全性差;自行车交通比率大,骑车者水平不一,个性不同,非机动车与机动车和行人争道抢行;无效交通如空驶出租车较多、私人车辆增加,这些无疑恶化着我国城市的交通安全状况。美国在对路面其他基础设施的建筑和维护上投入也很大, 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 完善。在对道路的规划和研究上有十分领先的研究成果。 三、对比事故因素后的结论 与美国相比,为减少我国交通事故的发生,我国在交通安全方面需要加强和重视的我认为有以下几点: 1、在国民的交通安全意识及法规方面的教育,要从小抓起,提高重视程度。 2、对交通方面法规要加强普及化和执行力度。 3、重视并且投入更多的人力物力在交通方面的研究工作。 Compare the differences in traffic accident between China and U.S. 一、Compare the traffic accident situation between China and U.S. China's traffic accident mortality rate in the world is the highest, every year because of traffic accidents killed more than 100,000 people, more than 50 million person disabled. Look again at the United States each year, about 40,000 people death. According to the mileage ,every 100 million miles below 1.5 people died on average. Even by Chinese car number 50 million to calculate, China's traffic accident death rates remained in the United States the 10 times above. 二、Compare the reason of traffic accident between China and U.S. (一)the factors of human 2.1.1 the side on driver In China due to the number and growth rate of motor vehicle driver is high,People's quality is not high, the technology level of safe driving is not high, and some drivers is lack of occupation morality, traffic illegal act is serious, these factors are both the important causes of traffic accidents.In the driving process, The drivers are easy to be distraction, excessive fatigue, unsufficient rest, lack of sleep, drunk driving, poor physical health,resulting in slow response and causing traffic accidents.But in the United States, driving test pay much attention to road rules of assessment, establish the system of young drivers license distribution payment, ensure road driver to hold a valid license and have sufficient driving ability, reduce the use of alcohol or drugs, to improve driver safety consciousness. 2.1.2 the side on passenger and cyclist In China due to the economic environment and other factors,there are many bicycles are on the road, and they don’t drive on the non motor-driven driveway, seize the motorway,and some passengers don’t walk on the pedestrian crosswalk, underground passage, flyover; but they climb balustrades, crosse crossings; arbitrary cross lanes, crossing the middle isolation belt; adolescents or children suddenly went on the road; some people do not abide by the road traffic signal and a variety of signs, which leads to traffic accident.While the United States because comprehensive traffic safety knowledge popularized earlier, national transportation is of high quality, safety consciousness is strong, in various public places can consciously abide by the relevant provisions.At the same time, the punishment of illegal was harsh, an alert for all the people. 2.2.3 the side of law enforcement personnel In China, some traffic police professional quality is not high,management level is too low, when meet with the serious violate the rules and regulations,they often let them go because the perpetrators have relative with the law enforcement personnel.Some local traffic management ideas and measures can not keep up with the rapidly changing situation, accident prevention system is not perfect, lack of strict management.But in the United States ,American police training is very rigorous,and the United States communications equipment is developed, advanced infrastructure to achieve efficient management. (二)the factors of vehicles In China motor vehicles are with rapid growth, surge in the number of motor vehicles has become one of the signs that develop a modern economic society and improve people's quality of life .The increasing speed of vehicle possessing quantity has greatly exceeded the road growth rate, which make the number of traffic accidents and traffic casualties rising sharply, together with our country highway construction pace is faster, and the performance of the vehicle renewal speed also failed to keep up with the pace of the construction of the freeway, vehicle that drive with a high speed have the poor reliability, poor security, leading to the freeway traffic accidents in our country is in the rapid growth trend.While in the United States, the vehicle quality and performance is more superior, and because of economic factors rarely present vehicle of long-term use, little exists the people buy and use the waste vehicles because of cheap.Moreover in the research and attention degree on vehicle safety and other aspects are higher than that in china. (三)the factors of roads In China, due to the unreasonable city road traffic constitute, it’s serious problem that the complex traffic flow models, mixed person and vehicle and so on; some local public traffic is underdeveloped, the service level is low, the safety is poor; bicycle traffic rate is large, the rider at different level, personality is not the same,motor vehicle,non-motor vehicle and passengers grab line; invalid traffic such as empty driving taxi, private vehicles increase, which worsen the situation of traffic safety in our city.But in the United States ,America put great investment in the construction and maintenance of pavement infrastructure,and the management system is so perfect.On the road planning and research also have a leading research results. 三、The conclusion after comparing the differences of traffic accident between China and U.S. Compared with the United States, in order to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, our country should put much attention in traffic safety. I think we should follow the points: 1.In the education of national traffic safety consciousness and the laws, we should start with the little things, improve the degree of attention. 2.In the traffic laws and regulations,our country should strengthen the popularization and implementation. 3.Pay much attention and devote more man power and material resources to the traffic research work.