绵萆薢《中国药典》（Continous Bi Xie Chinese pharmacopoeia）

绵萆薢《中国药典》（Continous Bi Xie Chinese pharmacopoeia） 绵萆薢《中国药典》(Continous Bi Xie Chinese pharmacopoeia) Continous Bi Xie "Chinese pharmacopoeia" : cotton Bi Xie [pinyin name] Mian Bi Xie [English name] RHIZOMA DIOSCOREAE SEPTEMLOBAE 【 origin 】 this product is a yam plant cotton Bi Xie Dioscorea septemloba Thunb., or fuzhou yam Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex r. kunth dried roots. In autumn and winter, remove the root, wash, slice and dry. 【 character 】 this product is an irregular oblique slice, the edge is not neat, the size is different, thick 2 ~ 5mm. Yellowish brown to tan, with sparse fibrous root residues, a conical bulge. Faceted gray to grayish brown, yellowish brown dotted vascular bundles. It is loose and spongy. The air is small and the taste is bitter. 【 identify 】 the powder is yellowish brown. Many starch grains and single grain ovoid, oval, round, triangle or irregular shape, some end tips, it is some tumor, 10 to 70 microns in diameter, umbilic crack shape, herringbone shape, dot, most layer of grain is not obvious. Calcium oxalate needle crystals, 90 ~ 210 mu m long. Thin-walled cells polygonal, elliptic or oblong, wall slightly thickened, perforated. Cork cells brown yellow, polygonal, wall straight. [sexual taste] bitter, flat. It is the kidney and the stomach. The function is cured by the moisture and the wind. It is used for the bleaching of gonorrhoea, excessive in white, hot and humid, and pain in the waist. [usage] 9 ~ 15g. Storage and draught dry place. [excerpt] Chinese pharmacopoeia The first page The * dictionary: cotton Bi Xie [pinyin name] Mian Bi Xie [English name] Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae "Alias" big Bi Xie, Bi Xie The roots of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. Autumn, winter mining, remove the root, wash, slice dry. [primitive form] perennial entwined vines. Stem left, cylindrical. Leaves simple, alternate, leaf shape variation is larger, sometimes a strains from base to top all for triangular cordate, margin entire or microwave, above by white hirsute, sometimes palmate base cordate, margin 5 ~ 9 deep crack, crack or shallow crack, to the top of the triangle shaped like a heart, do not crack, most veins and 9, after (the same black. The male is a conical sequence, and the female is prolapse in conic. Capsule wide ovate, with wings length of 1.3 ~ 1.5 cm, width 2 ~ 2.5 cm, dry brown. Flowering period from June to August, fruiting period from July to October. Habitat distribution: in a forest or thicket. Zhejiang, fujian, jiangxi. [chemical ingredients] include dioscin, slender dioscin, and the other, protodioscin, protogracillin, kikubasaponin, and methyl-protonine saponins. Sexual taste: sexual and bitter. The function is cured by the moisture and the wind. 【 note 】 the same plant in fuzhou yam D.f utschauensis Vline roots with a continous Bi Xie medicine. [excerpt] the dictionary The first page "The Chinese material medica: cotton Bi Xie [pinyin name] Mian Bi Xie [English name] Severlobed Yam "Alias" dustpan hopper, the mountains dustpan, potato, dog feces, big tree Bi Xie [source] Medicinal material base source: for yam plant cotton Bi Xie or fuzhou yam rhizome. 1. Dioscorea septemloba J.Q.X I, m.m. izuno et w.l. zhao. 2. Dioscorea futschuensis Uline ex R.K Harvest and storage: autumn and winter mining, remove the root, wash, slice and dry. Put in a draught dry place. 1. The original form 】 【 cotton Bi Xie Perennial twining herb vine. Rhizome transverse, branched, large, 2-5cm in diameter, loose after dry, spongy, yellowish-yellow, and most slender fibrous root. Stem left, cylindrical. Single leaf alternate; Leaf blade slightly leathery, morphological change is larger, basal leaf palpate deep heart, upper leaf ovate, margin wavy or whole margin, the following mesh veins are obvious, both sides are white hard hair. Male flower sequence axillary, total shape, male flowers have peduncle, and the flowers are 4-5mm long; The flowers are fresh and orange, dry and brown; Stamens 6, sometimes only 3. When the capsule is mature, the anti-bending drooping, the wings are almost semicircular, the front end microconcave, the base circle, 1.5-1.8 cm long, and about 1.2 cm wide. Seed oblong ovoid, 4-5mm in diameter, thin film wings around 4. Flowering period June - July, fruiting period 7-oct. 2. Fuzhou diosine perennials are entwined with vines. The roots go sideways, irregular long cylindrical, and yellowish brown. Stems left-handed. Single leaf alternate; Leaf blade slightly leathery, the shape varies greatly, base leaf palmatoid deep heart, unequal, 7 shallow fissure, upper leaf ovate triangle. Margin wavy or near-total, the following mesh veins are obvious, and the two hairs are white and hard. Male flower sequence axillary, total shape, male flower has peduncle, with corolla total length 4-5mm; Corolla fresh and orange, dry and brown; Stamens 6, sometimes only 3. The capsule is mature and anti-bending, the wing is almost semicircular, apex concave, end base circle, 1.5-1.8 cm long, 1-1.2cm wide. Seed oblong ovoid, 4-5mm in diameter, thin film wings around 4. Flowering period June - July, fruiting period 7-oct. [habitat distribution] Ecological environment: 1. The cotton Bi Xie was born in an altitude of 450-700 - m hill road in thin forests or thickets. Resource distribution: 1. The cotton Bi Xie Located in zhejiang, jiangxi, fujian, hubei, hunan, guangdong and jiangxi. 【 properties 】 (1) cotton leather Xie Rhizome for longitudinal cutting or cutting discs, sizes, 2-5 mm thick; The outer skin is yellow brown, thicker, the periphery is more curly, the cut surface is pale yellow and white, coarse. There are yellow and brown dotted vascular bundles. Loose, slightly spongy. It's very small and very bitter. (2) the root stems of yams in fuzhou are irregular long cylindrical, 6-16cm long and 1-4.5 cm in diameter. The surface is uneven, brownish, with irregular shriveled crocheted and scattered tuberous tuberous stems. Hard, hard to break. The goods are sliced thin, thick 2-3mm thick, with gray or yellowish in sections, powdery and scattered with dotted vascular bundles. The quality is loose, slightly spongy. It's very small and very bitter. Microscopic identification Rhizomes transverse section (1) the cotton leather Xie The outer sequences cork cells. There are mucous cells in the cortex, 100-140 mu m, about 100 mu of m in diameter, with calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles, vascular bundles scattered in, and tough-type, There is a clear gap between the cortical and central parenchyma cells, which contain starch granules, round or ovoid, 17-25 mu m, umbilical point. (2) the fuzhou Bi yam and cotton Xie is similar. The cortical cells at the bottom of the cell layer are ligneous and perforated. The starch granule is larger, with a length of 40-58 mu m, and the short diameter 17-27 mu m, and the umbilical point transverse fissure. Powder characteristics: yellowish brown. Starch granules, single ovate, oval. Class round, triangle or irregular shape, some of the end point, some of the saint tumor, diameter 10-70 mu m, umbilical point crack, person word shape, dot, layer wen is not obvious. Calcium oxalate needles are polymorphic, 90-210 mu m. Thin-walled cells polygonal, elliptic or oblong, wall slightly thickened, perforated. Wood column cell brown yellow, polygonal, wall straight. 【 chemical composition 】 the root of potato in fuzhou is steroid saponins, white flower longgrass glycoside (trillin), dioscin, slender dioscin (gracillin). Diosgenin (diosgenin), beta-sitosterol, diosgenin palmitate (diosgenin palmitate), diosgenin palmitate, delta 3.5-deoxytigogenin. [identify] Physical and chemical differentiation (1) take powder 2g, add water 30ml, water soluble heat 10min, filtered. Take the filtrate 2ml of the tube and shake it for 1min. Produce a large number of cellular foam, place 10 minutes, foam does not have obvious disappear. (check the soap type) (2) take the above filtrate, add 2% red blood cell suspension 5-10 drops, place for a few minutes, the blood cells gradually dissolve and make the solution red and transparent. (check saponins). (3) take the product powder 2g, add 80% ethanol to heat extraction, filter. The filtrate is steamed to ethanol, cold, residue dissolved in a small amount of acetic acid, plus acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid, should be Burgundy. (4) thin layer chromatography takes 1 g of the powder, 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid is about 10ml, and the hydrolysis 4h is hydrolyzed. Residue washed with water to neutral, 60 ? vacuum drying 2 h, and petroleum ether (60-90 ?) reflux extraction 4 h, extract and chloroform after dry 2 ml solution for the selected liquid; In addition, it was used to make a control of LMG in every 1ml of diosgenin, diosgenin, and 25 - monoster-3.5-diene control. Each of the 10 mu l points is on the same silica gel - 10% CMC plate, with chloroform - acetone (993:7), spray 3% phosphorus molybdate, and heat the color. The chromatogram showed the same blue spots as the corresponding chromatogram. [sexual taste] bitter; Sheen; flat [functional primary treatment] rheumatism; Lishi turbidity; The swelling. Main rheumatism; Waist - knee pain; Cloudy with urine; Shower drain; leucorrhea [usage dosage] internal: decoction, 9-20g; Or leach liquor; Or shot = scattered. External use: moderate amount, fresh product ramming. [clinical application] is used for the bleaching of gonorrhoea, excessive in white, hot and humid, and pain in the waist. [extract] "Chinese origin"