EN 1493

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1493:1999 The European Standard EN 1493:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 43.180; 53.020.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Vehicle lifts BS EN 1493:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999  BSI 03-1999 ISBN 0 580 30352 7 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1493:1998. It supersedes BS AU 161-1b:1989 and BS AU 161-2:1989 which are withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/12, Lifting tables, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈ r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels  1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1493:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1493 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPAÈ ISCHE NORM August 1998 ICS 43.180; 53.020.99 Descriptors: elevators, road vehicles, safety requirements, accident prevention, hazards, lists, control devices, safety devices, specifications, verification, tests, utilization, information, name plates, mechanical strength, computation English version Vehicle lifts EleÂvateurs de veÂhicules Fahrzeung-HebebuÈhnen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 July 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 1493:1998  BSI 03-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98, Lifting platforms, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1999. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 0 Introduction 5 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Definitions 5 3.1 Vechicle lift 5 3.2 Manually driven vehicle lift 6 3.3 Power driven vehicle lift 6 3.4 Fixed vehicle lift 6 3.5 Movable vehicle lift 6 3.6 Mobile vehicle lift 6 3.6.1 Manually mobile vehicle lift 6 3.6.2 Vehicle lift with powered mobility 6 3.7 Initial position 6 3.8 Rated load 6 3.9 Load carrying device 6 3.10 Carrying arm 6 3.11 Pick-up plate 6 3.12 Pick-up pad 6 3.13 Lifting element 6 3.14 Catching device 6 3.15 Re-raising prevention device 6 Page 3.16 Unauthorized use 7 3.17 Hold-to-run control 7 3.18 Braking 7 3.18.1 Automatic brake 7 3.18.2 Self braking system 7 3.19 Safety switch 7 3.20 Normative vehicle 7 3.21 Wheel track 7 3.22 Wheel base 7 4 List of hazards 7 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 7 5.1 Preventing unauthorized operation 7 5.2 Control devices 7 5.2.1 Hold-to-run control 7 5.2.2 Grouped control devices 7 5.2.3 Logical operation 7 5.2.4 Marking 7 5.2.5 Inadvertent operation 7 5.3 Control positions 7 5.3.1 Layout 7 5.3.2 Visibility 10 5.3.3 Controlling several load carrying devices 10 5.3.4 Emergency stop device 10 5.4 Duplicated drive systems 10 5.5 Speeds 10 5.5.1 Lifting and lowering speed 10 5.5.2 Tilting speed 10 5.6 Structural design of the supporting structure 10 5.6.1 General 10 5.6.2 Loads and forces 10 5.6.3 Load combinations 11 5.6.4 Load distribution 11 5.6.5 Lifting elements 12 5.6.6 Proof of stability against overturning 15 5.7 Driving machinery 15 5.7.1 Preventing inadvertent motion 15 5.7.2 Holding devices 15 5.7.3 Additional requirements for mechanical drives 15 5.7.4 Additional requirements for hydraulic drives 16 5.7.5 Additional requirements for penumatic drives 16 Page 3 EN 1493:1998  BSI 03-1999 Page 5.8 Load carrying devices 16 5.8.1 Unintented motion of the load carrying device 16 5.8.2 Vehicle pick-up plates 16 5.8.3 Vehicle pick-up pads 17 5.8.4 Securing devices on vehicle lifts where the load carrying devices can tilt 17 5.8.5 Locking systems of carrying arms 17 5.8.6 Roll-off safety device 17 5.9 Additional requirements for lifts with balconies 17 5.10 Limiting the travel of the load carrying device 18 5.11 Unintended blocking of the load carrying device 18 5.12 Safety against rupture of mechanical bearing devices 18 5.12.1 Mechanical locking device 18 5.12.2 Safety catch 18 5.12.3 Unloaded accompanying bearing devices 18 5.13 Safety against leakage 18 5.13.1 Limiting the lowering speed 18 5.13.2 Protection against leakage 18 5.14 Additional requirements for lifts with several drives or lifting elements 19 5.15 Additional requirements for movable and mobile lifts 19 5.15.1 Safety against unintended motion 19 5.15.2 Service brakes for vehicle lifts using powered mobility 19 5.15.3 Devices for moving manually mobile lifts 19 5.15.4 Derailment protection 19 5.15.5 Forces 19 5.16 Protection against pinching and shearing 19 5.16.1 General 19 5.16.2 Safety distance 19 5.16.3 Other safety measures 19 5.17 Safety devices 20 5.17.1 General 20 5.17.2 Function of safety devices 20 5.17.3 Safety switches 20 5.17.4 Springs in safety devices 20 5.18 Protection against damage 20 5.18.1 Wearing parts 20 Page 5.18.2 Spindles 20 5.18.3 Installation of hoses, pipes and electrical equipment 20 5.19 Manually driven vehicle lifts 20 5.20 Electrical equipment 21 5.20.1 General 21 5.20.2 IP-Code 21 5.20.3 Means of disconnecting the power supply 21 5.20.4 Batteries 21 6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures 21 6.1 General 21 6.1.1 Design check 21 6.1.2 Manufacturing check 21 6.1.3 Visual verification 21 6.1.4 Practical tests 21 6.2 Conformity 22 7 Information for use 22 7.1 General 22 7.2 Marking 22 7.3 Operation instructions 22 7.3.1 Complete operation instructions 22 7.3.2 Digest of the operation instructions 22 7.4 Name plate 22 Annex A (informative) Structural calculations 23 Annex B (informative) Examples of solutions 26 Annex C (normative) Design of rope drives 29 Annex D (informative) Example of information about wind 29 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives 30 Page 4 EN 1493:1998  BSI 03-1999 0 Introduction The object of this European Standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons against the risk of accidents associated with the operation of vehicle lifts. While elaborating this standard it was assumed that only trained persons operate the vehicle lifts and that the working area is sufficiently lit. Furthermore, it was assumed that no persons are permitted to stand under the vehicle during lifting and lowering. The requirement concerning loading control is not deemed pertinent to this standard insofar as. Ð Experience and the state of the art suggests that failing to observe this requirement has not historically given rise to unsafe situations. Ð Such devices which would give protection against overall and local overloading are not currently available in forms which cover all eventualities. Ð The weight and weight distribution is freely available for the type of vehicles to be lifted and as such it is the responsibility of the user to prevent an unsafe situation arising. Ð Vehicle lifts are generally designed to suit the maximum weight of vehicle to which it would reasonably be subjected, hence the normal duty of a lift is substantially lower than the maximum. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery should comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard. 1 Scope This standard applies to stationary, mobile and movable vehicle lifts, which are not intended to lift persons but which are designed to raise vehicles totally, for the purpose of examining and working on or under the vehicles whilst in a raised position. The vehicle lift may consist of one or more lifting-units. Power supply to the vehicle lift by internal combustion engines is not considered. The floor or ground supporting the vehicle lift in use is assumed to be horizontal. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Ð Basic concepts Ð General principles of design Ð Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Ð Basic concepts Ð General principles of design Ð Technical principles and specifications. EN 414:1992, Safety of machinery Ð Rules for drafting and presentation of safety standards. EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery Ð Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Ð Principles for design. EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Ð Safety related parts of control systems Ð Part 1: General principles for design. EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery Ð Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components Ð Hydraulics. EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery Ð Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components Ð Pneumatics. prEN 1760-2, Safety of machinery Ð Pressure sensitive protective devices Ð Part 2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure sensitive edges and bars. EN 10025:1990, Hot-rolled products of non-alloyed structural steels Ð Technical delivery conditions. EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery Ð Electrical equipment of machines Ð Part 1: General requirements. EN 60529:1992, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures. EN 60947-5-1:1991, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear ± Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements Ð Electromechanical control circuit devices. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 vehicle lift Lifting device with guided load carrying device for lifting land based means of transport such as cars, motorcycles, lorries, buses, trams, rail vehicles, industrial trucks and similar, in the following named vehicle, and designed for working on or under the load. The guidance of the load carrying device is given by the supporting structure. A vehicle lift may have the ability to tilt the load carrying device about a horizontal axis parallel to or perpendicular to the main axis of the lifted vehicle. The following types of vehicle lift are examples of those covered by this definition: single and multi-column lifts, single and multi-cylinder lifts, mobile column lifts, scissor and parallelogram lifts, short stroke lifts, which support vehicle wheels, chassis or other designated lifting points [see annex B (informative)]. NOTE Short stroke lifts are floor mounted vehicle lifts with a maximum vertical travel of not more than 500 mm, which are not designed for working under the raised load. Page 5 EN 1493:1998  BSI 03-1999 3.2 manually driven vehicle lift vehicle lift where the load carrying device is driven by manual effort 3.3 power driven vehicle lift vehicle lift where the load carrying device is not driven by manual effort 3.4 fixed vehicle lift vehicle lift fixed permanently to its location 3.5 movable vehicle lift vehicle lift which can fulfil its function without being fixed to the floor and may be designed to be transportable 3.6 mobile vehicle lift movable vehicle lift equipped with wheels, rollers, etc. such that it can be moved from one place to another with or without load 3.6.1 manually mobile vehicle lift mobile vehicle lift which is moved by manual effort alone 3.6.2 vehicle lift with powered mobility mobile vehicle lift which is not moved by manual effort 3.7 initial position lower limit position of the carrying device 3.8 rated load maximum load that a lift has been designed to carry 3.9 load carrying device part(s) of the vehicle lift which supports the load either by direct contact with the vehicle or through contact with pick-up plates or pads. load carrying devices include tracks, carrying arms or other mechanical devices designed to raise and support a vehicle by designated lifting points 3.10 carrying arm load carrying device attached at one end, directly or indirectly to the lifting element and supporting the load at its other end. Carrying arms are usually used on two column lifts 3.11 pick-up plate part of the load carrying device, e.g. on two column lifts with carrying arms, which has direct contact to the vehicle and which has an assigned position on the load carrying device (see Figure 1) Figure 1 Ð Pick-up plate 3.12 pick-up pad vehicle supporting pad which has direct contact with the vehicle but which does not have an assigned position, e.g. pads used on wheel free systems with platforms (see Figure 2) Figure 2 Ð Pick-up pad 3.13 lifting element medium through which the force is transmitted from the power source to the load carrying device. Lifting elements include hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, lead screw and nut systems as well as any flexible connections such as steel wire ropes and chains 3.14 catching device device which holds the load carrying device in case of failure of the lifting element 3.15 re-raising prevention device device which prevents re-raising of the load carrying device from the initial position in the event of failure of the lifting element Page 6 EN 1493:1998  BSI 03-1999 3.16 unauthorized use use by a person who has not received permission to operate the lift and instruction on its safe operation 3.17 hold-to-run control control device which initiates and maintains operation of machine elements only as long as the manual control (actuator) is actuated and the manual control (actuator) automatically returns to the stop position when released (see EN 292-1:1991, 3.23.2) 3.18 braking 3.18.1 automatic brake braking device which is normally held on and which is released only by application of power. Operation is also instigated automatically by releasing the lift controls and by interruption of the power supply 3.18.2 self braking system system which, due to its inherent resistance to movement, stops the movement of the load carrying device when the drive power is interrupted 3.19 safety switch switch in which the opening contacts are directly connected to the control mechanism without springs or flexible elements. The whole of the specified opening of the contacts shall be achieved by operation of the control mechanism through its intended travel using the force stated by the manufacturer of the switch (see EN 60947-5-1:1991, 2.1) 3.20 normative vehicle road vehicle used for calculations in 5.6 3.21 wheel track distance between the centre lines of the wheels on one axle or between centre lines of wheel pairs on twin wheel axles 3.22 wheel base distance between the centres of wheels of front and rear axle or from the centre of the wheels on the front axle to a point mid-way between axle pairs on twin axle vehicles 4 List of hazards The following hazards from EN 414:1992, annex A are applicable in the situations described and could involve risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated. The corresponding requirements are designed to limit the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation. ªNot applicableº in Table 1 means that this hazard does not exist on vehicle lifts. ªNot significantº in Table 1 means that this hazard can exist on vehicle lifts, but it causes no risk to persons. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 Preventing unauthorized operation Vehicle lifts shall be equipped with an accessible and fixed device that prevents unauthorized use after taking the lift out of operation [refer to annex B (informative)]. 5.2 Control devices 5.2.1 Hold-to-run control Control devices shall be of the hold-to-run type and shall fulfil the conditions of category 1 of EN 954-1. The stop-function shall comply with category 0 of EN 60204-1:1992, 9.2.2. 5.2.2 Grouped control devices If the control devices for more than one vehicle lift are grouped together in one position each control device shall be clearly marked to show which vehicle lift it controls. 5.2.3 Logical operation The control devices shall be designed so that the movement of the control and its location are consistent with its effect [refer to annex B (informative)]. 5.2.4 Marking The direction of the movement of the lifting element shall be permanently marked [refer to annex B (informative)]. The marks shall be suitable symbols or text and can be located on the control devices themselves or directly adjacent to them. 5.2.5 Inadvertent operation C