初中主谓一致讲解

初中主谓一致讲解 主谓一致的用法 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 (1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如: He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由and或both„„and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如: Both he and I are right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如: His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如: A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如: Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. (2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如: My family is big one. My family are watching TV. (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如: All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? (5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数:名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如: wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。 (1)由连词or, either„„or, neither„„nor, not only„but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如: Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. (2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 (4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you. 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如: Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗, Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 都不正确。 14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。 Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. Not only you but also he is ready to leave. 如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is over eight houndred 17(以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三(肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 We've had some(money).? We haven't had any(money). I was talking to someone.? I wasn't talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us.? They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. ? He hasn't arrived yet. wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint Li is coming too.? Li isn't coming either. Both of us are going.? Neither of us are going. He likes both of them.? He doesn't like either of them. 注意:so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I. wall or broken-line wall anchor setting requirements, technical essentials and flat wall there is a clear difference. 2. Description of main materials: wire, welding wire and other stationary pivot angle iron, scrap steel, templates, theodolite. Rail line: good tensile properties, to select good quality wire, generally use horizontal lines (20#), the vertical line (14#). Welding electrodes: ? 3.2, stored in a dry place, pay attention to moisture. Template: for curved glass curtain wall and a line of glass curtain wall mullions wire, made from at least not less than 5mm splint