【尚友制造】SAT_Online_Course#1

ESSAY Time — 25 minutes Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY. The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders: • A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. • Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet. • An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. We often hear that we can learn much about someone or something just by casual observation. We are not required to look beneath the surface or to question how something seems. In fact, we are urged to trust our impressions, often our first impressions, of how a person or a situation seems to be. Yet appearances can be misleading. What “seems” isn’t always what is. Assignment: Is the way something seems to be not always the same as it actually is? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET. If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. SECTION 2 Time — 25 minutes 24 Questions Turn to Section 2 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Example: Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both labor and management. (A) enforce . . useful (B) end . . divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend . . satisfactory (E) resolve . . acceptable 1. Despite ------- on taking rare tamarins from their habitat, the illegal trade in the tiny monkeys remains -------. (A) commendations . . obligatory (B) consultations . . predominant (C) restrictions . . local (D) penalties . . illicit (E) prohibitions . . active 2. Representing a round world on a flat surface is impos- sible without some -------: the Mercator projection map shows Greenland as over ten times larger than Mexico, a country in fact only slightly smaller than Greenland. (A) oversight (B) simplification (C) distortion (D) sophistication (E) superficiality 3. The highly publicized redesign of the car is essentially -------: the exterior has been updated, but the engine remains unchanged. (A) intuitive (B) cosmetic (C) incoherent (D) consequential (E) retroactive 4. Many of our memories are -------, escaping our con- sciousness just as we strain to recall a face or a name. (A) elusive (B) pervasive (C) unvaried (D) insensitive (E) impractical 5. Although Caroline Gordon was rigorously objective in her journalistic writing, her lively and ------- private correspondence ------- a delightful capacity for biting commentary on the social scene. (A) incisive . . disguised (B) eloquent . . derided (C) dispassionate . . demonstrated (D) exuberant . . minimized (E) entertaining . . exhibited 6. An effective member of a debating team must focus clearly on the ------- issue and avoid ------- arguments. (A) equivocal . . obstreperous (B) designated . . pertinent (C) comprehensive . . general (D) principal . . peripheral (E) subtle . . significant 7. The ------- with which merchants and landowners in early-nineteenth-century Maryland and Virginia ------- Joshua Johnston’s professional services attests to his artistic skill as a portrait painter. (A) avidness . . sought (B) diffidence . . purchased (C) patience . . replaced (D) elegance . . regarded (E) zealousness . . overlooked 8. The man’s colleagues characterized him as ------- because he had an irritable, quarrelsome disposition. (A) tyrannical (B) disingenuous (C) sanctimonious (D) cantankerous (E) morose The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided. Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages. Passage 1 is by Dorothy Sayers; Passage 2 is adapted from a work by Raymond Chandler. Passage 1 The detective story does not and cannot attain the loftiest level of literary achievement. Though it deals with the most desperate effects of rage, jealousy, and revenge, it rarely touches the heights and depths of human passion. It presents us with an accomplished 5 fact, and looks upon death with a dispassionate eye. It does not show us the inner workings of the murderer’s mind—it must not, for the identity of the criminal is hidden until the end of the book. The most successful writers are those who contrive to keep the story running 10 from beginning to end upon the same emotional level, and it is better to err in the direction of too little feeling than too much. Passage 2 I think what was really gnawing at Dorothy Sayers in her critique of the detective story was the realization that 15 her kind of detective story was an arid formula unable to satisfy its own implications. If the story started to be about real people, they soon had to do unreal things to conform to the artificial pattern required by the plot. When they did unreal things, they ceased to be real themselves. Sayers’ 20 own stories show that she was annoyed by this triteness. Yet she would not give her characters their heads and let them make their own mystery. 9. Which best describes the relationship between the two passages? (A) Passage 1 explains the evolution of a genre, while Passage 2 challenges the notion of a distinct genre. (B) Passage 1 discusses the constraints of a genre, while Passage 2 contends that many of these constraints are self-imposed. (C) Passage 1 celebrates a genre, while Passage 2 points out its deficiencies. (D) Passage 1 explains the popularity of a genre, while Passage 2 questions its commercial success. (E) Passage 1 compares a genre unfavorably to other types of writing, while Passage 2 argues that the genre has unique features. 10. The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the statement in lines 4-5, Passage 1 (“it rarely . . . passion”), by (A) arguing that this approach limits the characters’ development (B) denying that most writers of detective stories rely on formulas (C) agreeing that strong emotions are out of place in detective stories (D) conceding that great literature is seldom commercially successful (E) concurring that readers are primarily interested in plot 11. Which of the following characteristics of detective stories presented in Passage 1 would be LEAST likely to be attributed to the “pattern” mentioned in line 19, Passage 2 ? (A) “cannot attain the loftiest level of literary achievement” (lines 1-2) (B) “deals with the most desperate effects of rage, jealousy, and revenge” (lines 2-4) (C) “presents us with an accomplished fact” (lines 5-6) (D) “looks upon death with a dispassionate eye” (line 6) (E) “does not show us the inner workings of the murderer’s mind” (lines 7-8) 12. Passage 1 suggests that Sayers would most likely respond to lines 17-20, Passage 2 (“If the story started . . . themselves”), by pointing out that (A) great writers seldom explore the range of human emotions (B) detective stories do not address the consequences of people’s emotions (C) detective stories are driven by the plot, not by the characters (D) readers of detective stories prefer unrealistic situations (E) real people often act in ways that are unexpected Line Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage. This passage is adapted from a series in which a college professor dramatizes the lectures of famous scientists from the past. Here he speaks as Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). In this part of the lecture, Pasteur has just described his discovery of the effect of heating certain microbes that infect bottled beverages (the process later named pasteurization). But these undesirable microbes! Where and how did they arise? By spontaneous generation,* as some believe? When I began to ask these questions of myself and of my students and colleagues, my close friends said: “Oh, no, do not waste your time on such worthless philosophical 5 problems. Many a scientist has floundered and perished in the quagmire of spontaneous generation.” I replied: “But the origin of life is a profound problem.” With few excep- tions, past discourses on spontaneous generation have been metaphysical exercises conducted with great passion, but 10 without adding to our scientific knowledge. I could not set aside my burning desire to bring a little stone, God willing, to the frail edifice of our knowledge of the deep mysteries of life and death, where all our intellects have so lamentably failed. In defense of nonapplied science 15 I have repeatedly told my students that without theory, practice is but routine. Only theory is able to cause the spirit of invention to arise and develop. It is important that students should not share the opinion of those who disdain everything in science that has no immediate application. In 20 science, chance favors only the mind that is prepared. I repeat: in science, chance favors only the mind that is prepared. I first confirmed the experiments of the Italian abbé, Lazzaro Spallanzani, known also for his studies in gastric 25 digestion. I made a nutritious broth, put it in a flask such as this [Pasteur holds up a large flask containing a brown solution], heated it to violent boiling, and then sealed the neck of the flask in a flame. My results agreed with those of Spallanzani: the broth remained pure. But if the neck 30 be broken to admit air, the broth soon became putrid. My critics said that the heating made the air in the flask unfit for spontaneous generation. Only when fresh air is admitted can life begin anew. I argued in vain—even before our Academy of Sciences—that the putrefaction was caused by 35 admission of bacteria. More convincing experiments were needed. I opened flasks of sterilized broth in the cellar of the Paris observatory, where the air was still. Only one flask out of ten became putrid, whereas eleven flasks out of 40 eleven opened in the courtyard quickly acquired a rich growth of bacteria. I journeyed to Mt. Montanvert in the Alps, where I opened twenty flasks of sterilized broth. Only one became putrid. I concluded that the air in the cellar and the air above the glacier were freer of bacteria than the air 45 in the city streets. But my adversaries performed similar experiments with different results. Perhaps they were not careful to follow my procedures. The neck of the flask must be heated first to kill the bacteria on the glass; then a heated instrument must be used to break the tip of the flask as it is 50 held high above the head. Immediately thereafter the flask must be sealed again in a flame [Pasteur demonstrates the procedure]. In these difficult researches, while I sternly object to frivolous contradictions, I feel nothing but grat- itude toward those who warn me if I should be in error. 55 I then devised a conclusive experiment. I boiled a nutri- tious infusion in a flask with a long curved neck like this one. The tip of the neck was not sealed but left open to the outside air. Thus, there was no hindrance to the entrance of fresh air with its “vital force” as claimed by the advocates 60 of spontaneous generation. But bacteria in the entering air would be trapped by the walls of the long glass tube. The fluid remained sterile so long as the flask was maintained in the vertical position. If, however, I contaminated the broth by allowing some of it to flow into the neck and then 65 back into the flask, putrefaction promptly followed. So we see that life does not arise spontaneously. Life comes only from life. *The supposed origination of living matter directly from lifeless matter 13. The focus of the lecture is on how Pasteur (A) disproved an erroneous theory (B) documented and published his experiments (C) developed a process for killing microbes (D) applied his findings on spontaneous generation to new problems (E) contributed to the improvement of laboratory research standards 14. In the lecture, Pasteur concludes that the answer to the question “Where and how did they arise?” (lines 1-2) is (A) spontaneously (B) from airborne bacteria (C) from impurities in the original broth (D) from the curved neck of a flask (E) from a broken flask Line 15. In the first two paragraphs (lines 1-23), Pasteur is primarily concerned with (A) summarizing the results of his experiments about spontaneous generation (B) criticizing those who have taken the passion out of science (C) establishing his motivation for studying the origin of microbes (D) attacking critics of his experiments (E) correcting the impression that he is concerned only with experiments that have immediate application 16. The word “quagmire” (line 7) is used primarily to emphasize the (A) state of scientific ignorance in the 1800’s (B) futility of a particular line of research (C) moral dilemma faced by scientists like Pasteur (D) failure of some to distinguish between pure and applied science (E) tendency of unsuccessful scientists to look for simple solutions 17. Pasteur characterizes “past discourses on spontaneous generation” (line 9) as having (A) demonstrated the futility of practical scientific studies (B) failed because of incomplete knowledge about sterilization of apparatus (C) enabled him to understand inconsistencies in his early experiments (D) failed to increase scientific knowledge (E) resolved much of the controversy surrounding the issue 18. The “little stone” (lines 12-13) refers to the (A) slight addition that Pasteur hoped to make to the existing body of facts (B) small effect that Pasteur wanted to have on one person’s learning (C) minor disappointment Pasteur felt at being rebuffed by his colleagues (D) narrow-mindedness of those who cling to scientific fallacies (E) imperceptible progress that Pasteur had made in understanding spontaneous generation 19. Pasteur’s pronouncement about preparation and chance in lines 20-23 implies that (A) only projects that have an immediate application are important (B) practice improves a scientist’s chances of making a significant discovery (C) few scientists are lucky enough to devise useful theories (D) work on projects that have no immediate appli- cation prepares scientists to exploit chance discoveries (E) most scientific discoveries that have no immediate application are the result of good luck and timing 20. In context, the reference to the Academy of Sciences (line 35) serves to suggest why (A) Pasteur was so determined to make a significant contribution to scientific knowledge (B) Pasteur felt compelled to replicate Spallanzani’s experiments (C) spontaneous generation had already begun to be discredited when Pasteur began his experimentation (D) Pasteur believed he needed to design experiments that were more persuasive (E) spontaneous generation was viewed by Pasteur’s colleagues as a topic that was unfit for scientific study 21. In line 41, “rich” most nearly means (A) precious (B) vital (C) abundant (D) meaningful (E) productive 22. The “conclusive experiment” (line 56) performed by Pasteur was designed to answer critics who argued that (A) the apparatus used in Pasteur’s earlier experi- ments had not been adequately sterilized (B) Pasteur’s experiments related to spontaneous generation had no immediate application (C) the results of Pasteur’s experiments in the Alps and in the cellar could not be replicated (D) the broth in the flasks of Pasteur’s earlier experi- ments was not nutritious enough (E) heating made the air in the flasks of the earlier experiments unfit for spontaneous generation 23. In the context of the passage as a whole, the “vital force” (line 60) is best described as (A) what Pasteur called the basic unit of life (B) a term that was outdated in Pasteur’s time (C) nutrients necessary for sustaining life (D) that which has the power to destroy life (E) what opponents of Pasteur believed to be a source of life 24. In his conclusive experiment, Pasteur kept the flasks vertical (line 64) in order to (A) prevent fresh air from entering them (B) retain the boiling liquid inside the flasks (C) prevent the fluid from touching trapped bacteria (D) avoid disturbing the solution inside (E) replicate his previous experiments exactly S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. SECTION 3 Time — 25 minutes 20 Questions Turn to Section 3 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork. 1. Which of the following represents the total cost, in dollars, of k compact discs at $15 each and p compact disc cases at $25 each? (Disregard sales tax.) (A) 15 25k p+ (B) 25 15k p+ (C) 40 k p+ a f (D) 0.40( )k p+ (E) 15 25+ +k p a fa f 2. If the areas of the two rectangles in the figure above are equal, which of the following could be the coordinates of point R ? (A) − −2 4, a f (B) −2 2, a f (C) −2 4, a f (D) 2 4, − a f (E) 2 4, a f 3. A box contains 2,900 solid-colored marbles that are either orange, blue, or green. If 29 percent of the marbles are orange and 29 percent of the marbles are blue, what percent are green? (A) 29% (B) 42% (C) 52% (D) 58% (E) 71% { } { } = = 1, 3, 5, 6 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 P Q 4. Sets P and Q are shown above. If x is a member of set P and y is a member of set Q, which of the