ASTM A999-A999M -2011

Designation: A999/A999M – 11 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A999/A999M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification2 covers a group of general require- ments that, unless otherwise specified in an individual speci- fication, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent require- ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. Title of Specification ASTM Desig- nation3 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes A312/A312M Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service A333/A333M Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service A335/A335M Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A358/A358M Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service A369/A369M Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for Use With High Temperature Central-Station Service A376/A376M Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service A409/A409M Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products A778 Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A790/A790M Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A813/A813M Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A814/A814M Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal A928/A928M Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A943/A943M Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A949/A949M Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Pipe A954 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units apply unless the “M” designa- tion (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) is used in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” “ nominal bore,” and “nominal size.” 1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 22, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- tions prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:4 A312/A312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes A333/A333M Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service A335/A335M Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy- Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A358/A358M Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications A369/A369M Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Ser- vice A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A376/A376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A999/ A999M – 04a(2009)´1. DOI: 10.1520/A0999_A0999M-11. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA 999 in Section II of that Code. 3 These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications. See Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 4 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. A409/A409M Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth- ods for Steel Products for Shipment A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- cal Analysis of Steel Products A778 Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products A790/A790M Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A813/A813M Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A814/A814M Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Aus- tenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A928/A928M Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys A943/A943M Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes A949/A949M Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A954 Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel- Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Pipe5 A994 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu- bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Auste- nitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys E570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag- netic Steel Tubular Products 2.2 ANSI Standards: B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe6 B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe6 2.3 Military Standards: MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship- ment and Storage7 MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for Metals7 MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements for Special Purpose Equipment7 2.4 Federal Standard: Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products7 2.5 Steel Structures Painting Council: SSPC-SP6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com- mercial Blast Cleaning8 2.6 ASNT Standards: SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing9 3. Materials and Manufacture 3.1 The steel shall be made by a suitable steelmaking process. 3.2 If secondary melting, such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting, is used, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. 3.3 If steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, the resultant transition material shall be removed using an established procedure that positively separates the grades. 3.4 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, it shall be specified in the purchase order. 4. Terminology 4.1 Definitions: 4.1.1 The definitions in Terminology A941, except as modi- fied in this specification or in its referenced product specifica- tions, are applicable to this specification. 5. Ordering Information 5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for products ordered under the applicable product specification and this general requirements specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following: 5.1.1 ASTM product specification and year-date, 5.1.2 Name of product (for example, stainless steel pipe), 5.1.3 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces), 5.1.4 Method of manufacture, where applicable (seamless or welded), 5.1.5 Specific type of melting, if required (see 3.4), 5.1.6 Grade or UNS number, 5.1.7 Size (NPS and outside diameter and schedule number, average (nominal) wall thickness (see 9.1 and 10.1), or minimum wall thickness (see 9.2 and 10.1.1), or minimum inside diameter (see 11.1)), 5.1.8 Length (specific or random), 5.1.9 End finish, 5.1.10 Optional requirements, 5.1.11 Certification (see Section 25), 5.1.12 Specification designation and year of issue, and 5.1.13 Special requirements or any supplementary require- ments, or both. 5 Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. 6 Portions of these standards appear in ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 01.01. Full text of these standards is available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 7 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// dodssp.daps.dla.mil. 8 Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213. 9 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. A999/A999M – 11 2 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 Chemical Analysis—Samples for chemical analysis and method of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751. 6.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the specified elements. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular product manufacturer shall conform to the requirements speci- fied. 6.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications refer- encing this specification of general requirements, the steel shall not contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen for stainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually and identified by its own UNS designa- tion in a table of chemical requirements within any specifica- tion listed within the scope as being covered by this specifi- cation. 6.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis requirements and options, if any, shall be as contained in the applicable product specification. 7. Mechanical Properties 7.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—The specimens and me- chanical tests required shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, especially Annex A2 thereof. 7.2 Specimens shall be tested at room temperature. 7.3 Small or subsize specimens as described in Test Meth- ods and Definitions A370 may be used only when there is insufficient material to prepare one of the standard specimens. When using small or subsize specimens, the largest one possible shall be used. 8. Tensile Requirements 8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties in the applicable product specification. 8.2 The yield strength, if specified, shall be determined corresponding to a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % of the gage length under load. 8.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is less than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than 3⁄4 in. [19.0 mm] from the center of the gage length, as indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a retest shall be allowed. 9. Permissible Variation in Mass for Seamless Pipe 9.1 Except as allowed by 9.2, the mass of any length of seamless pipe in sizes NPS 12 and smaller shall not vary more than 10 % over or more than 3.5 % under that specified. For pipe in sizes larger than NPS 12, the mass of any length of pipe shall not vary more than 10 % over or more than 5 % under that specified. Unless otherwise specified, the mass of lengths of pipe in sizes NPS 4 and smaller shall be determined separately or in convenient lots; the mass of lengths of pipe in sizes larger than NPS 4 shall be determined separately. 9.2 Minimum Wall—If the wall thickness of the pipe is specified as minimum wall in the purchase order, the mass of any length of seamless pipe shall not vary more than 16 % over that calculated in accordance with 14.3. Unless otherwise specified, the mass of pipe in sizes NPS 4 and smaller shall be determined separately or in convenient lots; the mass of pipe in sizes larger than NPS 4 shall be determined separately. 9.3 The specified mass of pipe shall be determined by multiplying its specified or calculated mass per unit length (see 14.3) by its measured length. 10. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness 10.1 Seamless and Welded—Except as required by 10.1.1, the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be more than 12.5 % under the nominal wall thickness specified. The mini- mum wall thickness on inspection is shown in Table X1.1. 10.1.1 Minimum Wall—If the wall thickness of the pipe is specified as minimum wall in the purchase order, there shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness. 10.2 Forged and Bored—The wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm]. There shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness. 10.3 Cast—The wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. There shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness. 11. Permissible Variations in Inside Diameter 11.1 Forged and Bored, and Cast—The inside diameter shall not vary under that specified by more than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. There shall be no variation over the specified inside diameter. 12. Permissible Variation in Outside Diameter 12.1 Variations in outside diameter, unless otherwise agreed upon, shall not exceed the limits given in Table 1. The tolerances for outside diameter include ovality, except as provided for in 12.2 and 12.2.1. (See Note 2.) 12.2 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wall thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter, the diameter tolerance of Table 1 is applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maximum and minimum) outside diameter read- ings in any one cross-section. TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter NPS Designator Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter Over Under in. mm in. mm 1⁄8-11⁄2 , incl 1⁄64 (0.015) 0.4 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 11⁄2 to 4, incl 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 4 to 8, incl 1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 8 to 18, incl 3⁄32 (0.093) 2.4 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 18 to 26, incl 1⁄8 (0.125) 3.2 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 26 to 34, incl 5⁄32 (0.156) 4.0 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 Over 34 to 48, incl 3⁄16 (0.187) 4.8 1⁄32 (0.031) 0.8 A999/A999M – 11 3 - - ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 12.2.1 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outside readings (ovality) in any one cross-section shall not exceed 1.5 % of the specified outside diameter. NOTE 2—Thin-wall pipe usually develops significant ovality (out-of- roundness) during final annealing, straightening, or both. The diameter tolerances given in Table 1 are usually not sufficient to provide for additional ovality expected in thin-wall pipe. 13. Permissible Variations in Length 13.1 Seamless and Welded (No Filler Metal Added)—If specific cut lengths of 24 ft [7.3 m] or less are ordered, no length of pipe shall be under the length specified or more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] over that specified. 13.1.1 Permissible variations in length for lengths greater than 24 ft [7.3 m] shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. 13.2 Forged and Bored, Cast, and Cast Cold-Wrought—If specific cut lengths are ordered, no length of pipe shall be under the length specified or more than 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] over that specified. 13.3 For pipe ordered to random lengths, the lengths and variations shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. 13.4 No girth welds are permitted unless agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. 14. Mass per Unit Length 14.1 A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by the American National Standards Institute as ANSI B36.10 and B36.19. The standard sizes do not prohibit the production and use of other sizes of pipe produced to the various product specifications referenced in 1.1. (See Note 3.) 14.2 For nonstandard sizes of pipe, the calculated mass per unit length shall be determined using the following equation: M 5 C~D2t!t (1) where: C = 10.69 [0.02466], M = mass per unit length, lbm/ft [kg/m], D = specified or calculated (from specified inside diameter and wall thickness) outside diameter, in. [mm], and t = specified wall thickness, in. (to 3 decimal places) [mm to 2 decimal places]. 14.3 When minimum wall thickness is specified in the purchase order, the calculated mass per unit length shall be determined using Eq 1, obtaining from Table X1.1 the nominal wall thickness, t, corresponding to that minimum wall. NOTE 3—The mass per unit length values given in the American National Standards and the calculated masses per unit length determined using Eq 1 are based upon carbon steel pipe. The mass per unit length of pipe made of ferritic stainless steels may be up to about 5 % less, and that made of austenitic stainless steel up to about 2 % greater, than the values given. 15. Ends 15.1 Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall be furnished with plain ends. All burrs at the ends of the pipe shall be removed. 16. Straightness 16.1 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight. 16.2 For metal-arc welded pipe, the maximum deviation from a 10-ft [3.0-m] straightedge placed so that both ends are in contact with the pipe shall be 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm]. For metal-arc welded pipe with lengths shorter than 10 ft [3.0 m], this maximum deviation shall be prorated with respect to the ratio of the actual length to 10 ft [3.0 m]. 17. Repair by Welding 17.1 Repair by welding of defects in seamless pipe (includ- ing centrifugally cast pipe and forged and bored pipe) and of plate defects in welded pipe and, if specifically stated by the applicable product specification, weld seam defects in welded pipe shall be permitted subject to the approval of the purchaser and with the further understanding that the composition of the deposited filler metal shall be suitable for the composition being welded. Defects shall be thoroughly chipped o