同等学力申硕英语大纲

ThismanuscriptwasrevisedbytheofficeonDecember22,2012同等学力申硕英语大纲同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲(第六版)一、指导 思想 教师资格思想品德鉴定表下载浅论红楼梦的主题思想员工思想动态调查问卷论语教育思想学生思想教育讲话稿 本考试大纲要求通过教学使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力。这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，一定的口语交际能力和语篇信息处理能力，同时也必须具有一定的英译汉能力和写作能力。本考试旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所规定的各项要求和具有大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。二、评价目标本考试重点考查考生的英语口语交际、阅读、语篇完形处理、英译汉和写作等技能(由于技术上的原因，本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际技能的测试采用书面形式进行。考生听力能力的测试由各院校在考生学习期间进行)。考生应在词汇知识、语法知识、口语交际能力、阅读理解能力、语篇完形处理能力、英译汉能力和写作能力等方面分别达到以下要求：(一)词汇掌握约6000个英语词汇和约700个常用词组。对6000个词汇中的2800个左右的积极词汇要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际和写作中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读、语篇完形处理和英译汉等过程中识别和理解。(二)语法掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇。(三)口语交际能用英语进行日常口语交流。对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语交流，能理解交流情景、说话人的意图和会话的含义，并能运用相应的知识和判断进行恰当的交流。能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。(四)阅读能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能读懂一般性题材的文章、广告等应用性文本和博客及跟帖等互动形式的阅读材料。要求能抓住大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并能领会和分辨作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。(五)语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完型处理。(六)英译汉能在不借助词典的情况下，把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的段落从英语译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语言错误。(七)写作具有用书面英语表达思想和见解的基本能力。所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语言错误。三、题型、题量、分值及参考答题时间本考试所制定的试卷共有七个部分，包括口语交际、词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、短文完成、英译汉和写作。卷面满分为100分，考试时间共计150分钟。第一部分口语交际本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为15分钟。本部分包括A、B两节，A节为完成对话，B节为完成访谈或问答等。在每段对话、访谈或问答等口语转写材料中设置3—4个空白，并在材料前给出同等数量的出自材料本身的备选 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。要求考生从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案，使转写材料完整。第二部分词汇本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为10分钟。本部分设选择替换和选择填空两种题型，每次考试只采用其中一种。选择替换要求考生根据句意对句中带下画线的一个词或词组进行替换选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳替换词或词组。选择填空要求考生根据句意对句中的一个空白进行填空选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出最佳答案并填人空白处，使句子完整。第三部分阅读理解本部分共设25题，每题1分，考试时间为45分钟。本部分包括A、B两节，A节为段落阅读，B节的阅读形式可以是博客与跟帖或相关短文阅读、短文主题快凑、广告浏览等。A节要求考生在对阅读材料理解的基础上从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。B节除了四选一以外，还可以在几份阅读材料的相应位置设置若干个空白，同时在它们前面提供同等数量的备选答案，要求考生根据考题指令从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案。第四部分完形填空本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为10分钟。本部分在一篇难度适中的短文中设置10个空白，每个空白给出4个备选答案，要求考生从所给备选答案中选出一个最佳答案，使短文完整。第五部分短文完成本部分共设20题，每题1分，考试时间为20分钟。本部分共有3篇短文，每篇短文自身有3—4个空白。同时，每篇短文前面又设有3—4个带有1个空白的语言段。这些语言段前设有方框，其中为每个语言段的空白提供了相应的备选答案。短文和语言段共设置20个空白。本部分要求考生在理解短文和语言段的基础上完成两项任务：一是从语言段前面的方框中所设的备选答案中选出一个最佳答案分别填人各个语言段的空白处，使相应的语言段完整；二是从短文前的3—4个语言段选项中选出一个最佳答案分别填人短文的相应空白处。两项任务完成后应该使短文完整。第六部分英译汉本部分要求考生把一段100词左右的英语短文翻译成汉语，共10分，考试时间为20分钟。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。第七部分写作本部分要求考生在规定时间内，按照话题和提纲的要求用英语写出一篇不少于150词的短文，共15分，考试时间为30分钟。本部分的考试形式还可以是看图作文、描述图表或根据一篇所给的文章写出内容提要或读后感等。四、题型、题量、记分及参考答题时间一览表?同等学力申请硕士学位人员英语水平考试的题型、题量、记分及参考答题时间如下：序号题型题?量分值时间Ⅰ口语交际101015Ⅱ词汇?101010Ⅲ阅读理解252545Ⅳ完形填空101010Ⅴ短文完成202020Ⅵ英译汉100字1020Ⅶ写作150字1530总计1001502015人员申请学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一　　PaperOne(100minutes)　　PartIOralCommunication(15minutes，10points)　　SectionA　　Directions：InthissectiontherearetwoincompletedialoguesandeachdialoguehasthreeblanksandthreechoicesA，BandC，takenfromthedialogue.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletethedialogueandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.　　DialogueOne　　A.Doyouknowwhatahandicappedspaceis?　　B.Thesignsalwaystellyouhowlongyoucanparkthereandonwhatdays.　　C.Thenyoualsoneedtobeawareofthetimelimitsonthestreetsigns.　　Student:CanyoutellmewhereIcanpark?　　Clerk:Areyoudrivingamotorcycleoranautomobile?　　Student:Idriveanautomobile.　　Clerk:Fine.Youcaneitherparkinthestudentlotoronthestreet.1　　Student:Yes,Ihaveseenthosespots.　　Clerk:Well,whenyouseethebluespotswiththehandicappedsign,donotparkthereunlessyouhaveaspecialpermit.Areyougoingtobeparkinginthedaytimeorevening?　　Student:Iparkintheevenings.　　Clerk:2Haveyouseenthosesigns?　　Student:Yes,Ihaveseenthosesigns.　　Clerk:3.　　参考答案：ACB　　DialogueTwo　　A.Thehoursandlimitationsareprintedonthecardandthishandout.　　B.MayIhaveyourdriver’slicense,please?　　C.Areyoufamiliarwithourrulesandfines?　　Student:Excuseme.Iaminterestedingettingalibrarycard.　　Librarian:Sure,letmegiveyouanapplication.Youcanfillitoutrighthereatthecounter.　　Student:Thankyou.I’lldoitrightnow.　　Librarian:Letmetakealookatthisforyou.4　　Student:Hereitis.　　Librarian:Youseemtohavefilledtheformoutallright.__5__　　Student:Yes.Iknowwhattodo.　　Librarian:____6____　　Student:OK.Isee.　　Librarian:Thankyouforjoiningthelibrary;Welookforwardtoservingyou.　　参考答案BCASectionB　　Directions:InthissectionthereisoneincompletewhichhasfourblanksandfourchoicesA,B,CandD,takenfromtheinterview.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletetheinterviewandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.　　A.Andfooledtheboysforawhile.　　B.AndIdon’tthinktheboyshaveminded.　　C.Well,it’sbecausemyBritishpublisher.　　D.AllthistimeIthoughtyouwere‘J.K’.　　Winfrey:So,thisisthefirsttimewe’vemet.　　Rowling:Yes,itis.　　Winfrey:AndmyproducerstellmethatyourrealnameisJ.O.____7____　　Rowling:(laughing)Yeah.　　Winfrey:J.Kis…　　Rowling:____8_____.Whenthefirstbookcameout,theythought‘thisisabookthatwillappealtoboys’,buttheydidn’twanttheboystoknowawomanhadwrittenit.Sotheysaidtome‘couldweuseyourinitials’andIsaid‘fine’.Ionlyhaveoneinitial.Idon’thaveamiddlename.SoItookmyfavoritegrandmother’sname,Kathleen.　　Winfrey:____9_____　　Rowling:Yeah,butnotfortoolong,becauseIstartedgettingmypictureinthepressandnoonecouldpretendIwasamananymore.　　Winfrey:___10____　　Rowling:NO—ithasn’theldmeback,hasit?　　参考答案：DCAB　　PartIIVocabulary(10points)　　Directions:Inthisparttherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.　　11.ThereareseveraldifferentoptionsforgettingInternetaccess.　　A.choicesB.definitionsC.channelsD.reasons　　12.Earthhasanatmosphere,whichprotectsthesurfacefromharmfulrays.　　A.mineralsB.substancesC.gasesD.beams　　13.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforherhostileattitudetowardcustomers.　　A.unfriendlyB.optimisticC.itientD.positive　　14.Sinceitislatetochangemymindnow,Iamresolvedtocarryouttheplan.　　A.reviseB.implementC.reviewD.improve　　15.SecurityguardsdispersedthecrowdthathadgatheredaroundtheCapitol.　　A.arrestedB.stoppedC.scatteredD.watched　　16.Tostarttheprogram,insertthediskandfollowtheinstructions.　　A.takeoutB.turnoverC.trackdownD.putin　　17.Thepatient’sconditionhasdeterioratedsincelastnight.　　A.improvedB.returnedC.worsenedD.changed　　18.Icouldn’taffordtoflyhome,andatrainticketwaslikewisebeyondmymeans.　　A.alsoB.nonethelessC.furthermoreD.otherwise　　19.Despiteyearsofsearching,scientistshavedetectednosignsoflifebeyondourownsolarsystem.　　A.withinB.besidesC.outsideD.except　　20.IpreferchickentofishbecauseIamworriedaboutaccidentallyswallowingasmallbone.　　A.intentionallyB.unexpectedlyC.anxiouslyD.hurriedly　　参考答案：11-15ADABC16-20DCACBPartIIIReadingComprehension(25points)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.　　PassageOne　　Sometimesaraceisnotenough.Sometimesarunnerjustwantstogofurther.That’swhathappenedtoDennisMartinandBrookeCurran.　　Martin,68,aretireddetectiveformNewYorkCity,tookuprunningafterhisfirstwifedied.Curran,46,aphilanthropist(慈善家)fromAlexandria,startedrunningtogetoutofthehouseandcollectherthoughts.BothsheandMartingotgoodatrunningbutfeltthedesiretodomore.“ThemoreItrained,thebetterIgot,”Curransaid,”butIwouldcrossthefinishlinewithnosenseofaccomplishment.”　　Eventually,theyworkeduptorunningmarathons(马拉松)(andlongerraces)inothercountries,onothercountries.Nowbothhaveachievedanotable-andincreasinglylessrate-milestone;runningthe26.2-mileraceonallsevencontinents.　　Theyarepartofaphenomenonthathasgrownoutoftherunningcultureinthepasttwodecades,attheintersectionofathleticismandleisure:“runcations,”whichcombinedistancerunningwithtraveltoexoticplaces.Theretrips,asexpensiveastheyarephysicallychallenging,areagrowingandcompetitivemarketinthetravelindustry.　　“Inthebeginning,runningwasenough,”saidSteenAlbrechtsen,apressmanager.Theclassicmarathonwastheultimategoal,thencamethesupermarathons,likeLondonandNewYork.Butwhen90,000peopleayearcantakethatchallenge,itisnolongerexcitingandadventurous.Hence,thesearchfornewadventuresbegan.”　　“Noonecouldeverhaveimaginedthatrunningwouldbecomethelifestyleactivitythatitistoday,”saidThomGilligan,founderandpresidentofBoston-basedMarathonToursandTravel.Gilligan,whohasbeeninbusinesssince1979,ispartlyresponsiblefortheseven-continentphenomenon.　　ItstartedwithacasualtalktoaninterviewerabouthiscompanyofferingtripstoeverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Andthenin1995,MarathonfourshosteditsfirstAntarcticaMarathononKingGeorgeIsland.OffthetipoftheAntarcticPeninsula;160runnersgottothestartinglineofadirt-andice-trailrouteviaaRussianicebreakerthroughtheDrakePassage.　　21.Atthebeginning,Martintookuprunningjustto.　　A.meetrequirementsofhisjob　　B.winarunningrace　　C.joininaphilanthropicactivity　　D.getawayfromhissadness　　22.MartinandCurranarementionedasgoodexamplesof.　　A.winnersinthe26.2-mileraceonallsevencontinents　　B.peoplewhoenjoylongrunningasalifestyleactivity　　C.runningracerssatisfiedwiththeirownperformance　　D.oldpeoplewholiveanactivelifeafterretirement　　23.Anewtrendinthetravelindustryisthedevelopmentof.　　A.challengingruncations　　B.professionalraces　　C.Antarcticatravelmarket　　D.expensivetours　　24.Theclassicmarathonnolongersatisfiessomepeoplebecause.　　A.itdoesnotprovideenoughchallenge　　B.itmaybetoughanddangerous　　C.itinvolvestoofierceacompetition　　D.ithasattractedtoomanypeople　　25.ThefirstAntarcticaMarathononKingGeorgeIslandindicatesthat.　　A.internationalcooperationisamusttosuchanevent　　B.runcationsareexpensiveandphysicallychallenging　　C.MarathonToursisaleaderofthetravelindustry　　D.adventurousrunninghasbecomeincreasinglypopularPassageTwo　　Beforethe1970s,collegestudentsweretreatedaschildren.Somanycollegesraninlocoparentissystem.“Inlocoparentis”isaLatintermmeaning“intheplaceofaparent.”Itdescribeswhensomeoneelseacceptsresponsibilitytoactintheinterestsofachild.　　ThisideadevelopedlongagoinBritishcommonlawtodefinetheresponsibilityofteacherstowardtheirstudents.Foryears,AmericancourtsupheldinlocoparentisincasessuchasGottversusBereaCollegein1913.　　Gottownedarestaurantoffcampus.Bereathreatenedtoexpelstudentswhoateatplacesnotownedbytheschool.TheKentuckyhighcourtdecidedthatinlocoparentisjustifiedthatrule.　　Inlocoparentismeantthatmaleandfemalecollegestudentsusuallyhadtoliveinseparatebuildings.Womenhadtobebackattheirdormsbytenorelevenonschoolnights.　　Butinthe1960s,studentsbegantoprotestrulesandrestrictionslikethese.Atthesametime,courtsbegantosupportstudentswhowerebeingpunishedforpoliticalandsocialdissent.　　In1960,AlabamaStateCollegeexpelledsixstudentswhotookpartinacivilrightsdemonstration.Theysuedtheschoolandwon.Afterthatitbecameharderandhardertodefendinlocoparentis.　　Atthattime,studentswerenotconsideredadultsuntil21.Then,in1971,the24thamendmenttotheConstitutionsetthevotingageateighteen.Soinlocoparentisnolongerreallyapplied.　　Slowly,collegesbegantotreatstudentsnotaschildren,butasadults.Studentscametobeseenasconsumersofeducationalservices.　　GaryDickstein,anassistantvicepresidentatWrightStateUniversityinDayton,Ohio,saysinlocoparentisisnotreallygone.Itjustlooksdifferent.Today’sparents,hesays,areoftenheavilyinvolvedinstudents’lives.Theyareknownas“helicopterparents.”Theyalwaysseemtohoverovertheirchildren.GaryDicksteinsaystheseparentsarelikelytoquestiondecisions,especiallyaboutsafetyissuesandgrades.Theywanttomakesuretheirfinancialinvestmentisnotbeingwasted.　　26.Beforethe1970s,manycollegesraninlocoparentissystembecause.　　A.theycouldtaketheplaceofthestudents’parents　　B.parentsaskedthemtodoitfortheinterestsoftheirchildren　　C.thiswasatraditionestablishedbyBritishcolleges　　D.collegestudentswereregardedastooyoungtobetreatedasadults　　27.WhowonthecaseofGottversusBereaCollegein1913?　　A.BereaCollege.B.Gott.　　C.Itwasawin-wincase.D.Thestudents.　　28.Theword“dissent”(Para.5)probablymeans“”.　　A.extremebehaviorsB.violationoflaws　　C.strongdisagreementD.Wrongdoings　　29.In1960，thecourtruledthatAlabamaStateCollege　　A.hadnorighttoexpelthestudents　　B.wasjustifiedtohaveexpelledthestudents　　C.shouldn’tinterferewithstudents’dailylife　　D.shouldsupportcivilrightsdemonstrations　　30.AccordingtoGaryDickstein,today’s“helicopterparents_____　　A.don’tsettheirheartsatrestwithcollegeadministrators　　B.keepawatchfuleyeontheirchildren’slifeandstudy　　C.carelessabouttheirchildren’seducationthanbefore　　D.havedifferentopinionsontheirchildren’seducation　　PassageThree　　Wetendtothinkofplantsasthefurnitureofthenaturalword.Theydon’tmovetheydon’tmakesounds,theydon’tseemtorespondtoanything–atleastnotveryquickly.Butasisoftenthecase,ourhumanviewoftheworldmissesquitealot.Plantstalktoeachotherallthetime.Andthelanguageischemical.　　Overtheyearsscientistshavereportedthatdifferenttypesofplants,fromtreestotomatoes,releasecompoundsintotheairtohelpneighboringplants.Thesechemicalwarningsallhavethesamepurpose—tospreadinformationaboutoneplant’sdiseasesootherplantscandefendthemselves.Butexactlyhowplantsreceiveandactonmanyofthesesignalsisstillmysterious.　　Inthisweek’sProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersinJapanoffersomeexplanations.Theyhaveidentifiedonechemicalmessageandtraceditallthewayfromreleasetoaction.　　Thescientistslookedattomatoplantsinfested(侵害)bycommonpest,thecutwormcaterpillar(毛虫).Tostartout,theygrewplantsintwoplasticcompartmentsconnectedbyatube.Oneplantwasinfestedandplacedupwindandtheotherswereuninfestedandplaceddownwind.Thedownwindplantswerelaterexposedtothecutwormcaterpillar.Theresultsshowedthatplantsthathadpreviouslybeennearsickneighborswereabletodefendthemselvesbetteragainstthecaterpillar.　　Theresearchersalsostudiedleavesfromexposedandunexposedplants.Theyfoundonecompoundshowedupmoreoftenintheexposedplants.ThesubstanceiscalledHexVic.WhenthescientistsfedHexVictocutworms,itknockeddowntheirsurvivalrateby17%.ThescientistsidentifiedthesourceofHexVic,andsprayeditlightlyoverhealthyplants.Thoseplantswerethenabletostartproducingthecaterpillar-killingHexVic.Researchersconfirmedthatuninfestedplantshavetobuildtheirownweapontofightoffbugsanddiseases.HowdotheyknowwhentoplaydefenseTheyarewarnedfirstbytheirfriendlyplantneighbors.　　Itisacomplextale,anditmaybehappeninginmoreplantspeciesthantomatoes.Itmayalsobehappeningwithmorechemicalsignalsthatarestillunknowntous.Fornowthough,weknowthatplantsnotonlycommunicate,theylookoutforoneanother.31.WhatdoestheauthortrytoemphasizeParagraph1?　　A.Howplantscommunicateisstillamystery.　　B.Enoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoplanttalk.　　C.Plantsarethefurnitureofthenaturalworld.　　D.Plantscancommunicatewitheachother.　　32.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatremainsunknownis______　　A.howplatsreceiveandhandlethesignalsfromtheirneighbors　　B.whyplantsspreadchemicalinformationtotheirneighbor　　C.howmanytypesofplantsreleasecompoundsintotheair　　D.whetherplantssendchemicalwarningstotheirneighbors　　33.Thetomatoplantsintheexperimentwere______　　A.placedseparatelybutconnectedthroughair　　B.exposetodifferentkindsofpests　　C.exposedtothepestatthesametime　　D.placedtogetherinaclosedcompartment　　34.Theexperimentshowsthattheinfestedplanthelpsitsneighborsby______　　A.makingmoreHexVictoattractthepest　　B.releasingHexVicintotheairtowarnthem　　C.lettingthemknowhowtoproduceHexVic　　D.producingenoughHexVictokillthepest　　35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?　　A.SurvivalofPlantsB.PlantWorld　　C.TalkingPlantsD.PlantBugKiller　　PassageFour　　VancouveristhebestplacetoliveintheAmericas,accordingtoaquality-of-liferankingpublishedearlierthismonth.Thecityregularlytopssuchindexesasitscleanair,spacioushomesandweekendpossibilitiesofsailingandskiing.Butitsstatusasaliveablecityisthreatenedbyworseningcongestion(拥挤).Overthenextthreedecades,anotherImillionresidentsareexpectedtoliveintheGreaterVancouverregion,addingmorecars,bicyclesandlorriestoroadsthatarcalreadystrugglingtoservetheexisting2.3millionresidents.　　AproposalbyVancouver’smayorseekstopreventtheworseningconditions.Upgradeswouldbemadeto2,300kilometresofroadlanes,aswellasbusroutesandcyclepaths.Fourhundrednewbuseswouldjointhefleetof1,830.Therewouldbemoretrainsandmore“seabus”ferrycrossingsbetweenVancouveranditswealthynorthernsuburbs.Togetallthat,residentsmustvotetoacceptanincreaseinsalestax,from7%to7.5%.Pollssuggesttheywillvoteno.　　Everyoneagreesthatamoreefficienttransportsystemisneeded.Confinedbymountainstothenorth,theUnitedStatestothesouthandthePacificOceantothewest,Vancouverhasspreadintheonlydirectionwherethereisstillland,intotheFraserValley,whichjustafewdecadesagowasmostlyfarmland.Theroadisoftenovercrowded.　　Yetcommuters’suspicionoflocalbureaucratsmayexceedtheirdislikeofcongestion.TransLink,whichrunspublictransportintheregion,isunlovedbytaxpayers.PassengersblameitwhenSkytrain,thelight-railsystem,comestoastandstillbecauseofmechanicalorelectricalfaults,ashappenedtwiceinoneweeklastsummer,leavingcommutersstuckincarriageswithnothingtodobutexpressingtheirangeronTwitter.ThatsortofthinghasmadevoterslesswillingtopaytheC$7.5billionincapitalspendingthattheten-yeartrafficupgradewouldinvolve.　　Despitethecomplaints,Vancouver’stransportsystemisadecent,well-integratedoneonwhichtobuild,reckonsToddLitman,atransportconsultantwhohasworkedforTransLink.“Theseupgradesareall-importantifVancouverwantstomaintainitsreputationforbeingadestinationotherswanttogoto.”Hesays.　　36.ThebiggestproblemthreateningVancouverasaliveablecityis.　　A.increasingcongestion　　B.climatechange　　C.shortageofland　　D.lackofmoney　　37.TheupgradeproposalbyVancouver’smayormaybeturneddownbyresidentsbecause.　　A.theydonotwantmorepeopletomovein　　B.theyarereluctanttomovetonewplaces　　C.upgradeswouldtakeawaytheirlivingspace　　D.upgradeswouldaddtotheirfinancialburdens　　38.TheonlydirectionforVancouvertofurtherexpandistowards.　　A.theeast　　B.thewest　　C.thesouth　　D.thenorth　　39.TransLinkismentioned(Para.4)asanexampleof.　　A.worldfamoustransportcompanies　　B.localresidents’complaintsaboutthebureaucrats　　C.localefforttoimprovepublictransport　　D.worseningtrafficcongestion　　40.AccordingtoToddLitman,theupgradeproposal.　　A.willsolvethetrafficproblem　　B.willbenefitlocaleconomy　　C.satisfiesthetransportcompany　　D.deservespublicsupportSectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youarerequiredtoreadonequotedblogandthecommentsonit.Theblogandcommentsarefollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandDChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.　　Towardstheendofthe1990s,morethanadecadeandahalfDietCokewasfirstintroduced,saleofCocaCola’sbest-sellinglowcaloricdrinkappearedtoslowdown.　　However,inthedecadethatfollowed,dietsodasgrewbymorethan30percent.In2009,salespushedabove$8.5billionforthefirsttime.ButAmerica’sthirstforDietCokeisrunningdryagain-andthistimeitcouldbeforgood.　　Thedietsodaslowdownisn’tmerelyanAmericanthing-it’salsohappeningworldwide.ButthefutureofdietcolasisparticularlycloudyintheUnitedStates.　　LowcaloriesodasarefightingahardbattleagainstnotonebuttwotrendsamongAmericanconsumers.Thefirstisthatoverallsodaconsumptionhasbeenonthedeclinesincebefore2000.Dietsodas,thoughtheymightcomesugar-andcalorie-free,arestillsodas,somethingAmericansareprovinglessandlessinterestedindrinking.　　Thesecond,andperhapsmoresignificanttrend,isagrowingmistrustofartificialsweeteners(甜味剂).“Consumers’attitudestowardssweetenershavereallychanged.”saidHowardTelford,anindustryanalyst.“There’saverynegativeperceptionaboutartificialsweeteners.Theindustryisstilltryingtogetitsheadaroundthis.”　　Comment1　　Addmetothenumberofpeopleaddictedtodietcolaswhoquitdrinkingsodaaltogether.IhonestlythinksodaisaddictiveandI’mhappynottobedrinkingitanymore.　　Comment2　　Perhapstheslowdownhassomethingmoretodowiththeskyrocketingcostofsoftdrinks.　　Comment3　　ILOVEdietdrinks!AmIunhealthyWhoknowsIguaranteeIhaveabetterphysiquethanmost43-year-oldmen.　　Comment4　　Thisisasillyandshallowpiece。Thereasonforthefalloffissimplytheexplosioninconsumptionofbottledwatersandenergydrinks.　　Comment5　　Aspeoplelearnmoreabouthealthandwellnesstheywillconsumelesssugar,lesssoda,lessartificialsweeteners.　　41.Whatdoweknowaboutdietsodasale?　　A.Itbegantoundergoagradualdropstartingfrom2000.　　B.Itwasonthedeclinesincethe1990sbutisontherisenow.　　C.Itreacheditspeakinthe2000sbutbegantodropsincethen.　　D.Ithasbeendecreasingsincethe1990s.　　42.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprospectsofdietsodasale?　　A.Itwillcontinuetodrop.　　B.Itwillgetbettersoon.　　C.Itishardtosayforsure.　　D.Itmayhaveupsanddowns.　　43.Whichcommentgivesapersonalreasonforquittingdietcolas?　　A.Comment5.B.Comment4.　　C.Comment3.D.Comment1.　　44.Whichcommentsupportstheauthor’spointofview?　　A.Comment2.B.Comment3.　　C.Comment4.D.Comment5.　　45.Whichcomme