英国文学名词术语

英国文学名词术语 Alliteration,the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonants clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonants sounds. When alliteration occurs at the beginning of words, it is called initial alliteration; when it occurs within words, it is called internal or hidden alliteration. It is usually occurs on stressed syllables. Alliteration in poetry severs two important purposes: it is pleasing to the ear, and it emphasizes the words in which it occurs. A well-known example of alliteration is this line from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”: Five miles meandering with a mazy motion. Alliteration is an important poetic device in Anglo-Saxon poetry where it generally occurs on the three of the four stressed syllables in a line. Something of the alliterative effect can be seen in this line from Beowulf: And the heathen’s only hope, Hell. Blank verse, Free verse, Iambic Pentameter, Figure of speech, Ballad, Sonnet, Couplet, Essay, Comedy, Tragedy, Classicism, Neoclassicism, Realism, Romanticism, Modernism, Stream of Consciousness, Symbolism, Ode Classicism: a term that, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance, symmetry, and repose produced by attention to traditional forms. It is sometimes synonymous with excellence or artistic quality of high distinction. More precisely, the term refers to the admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman literature, art, and architecture. Because the principles of classicism were derived from the rules and practices of the ancients, the term came to mean the adherence to specific academic canons. Sonnet-1lyrical poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme, it expresses different aspects of a single thought, mood or feeling. There are two main forms of sonnet: the Italy consists of a 8-line and a 6-line stanza. stream of consciousness1In literary criticism, stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes. 2 Ballad: A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many countries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have no known authors. They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language. A later form of ballad is the literary ballad, which imitates the style of the folk ballad. Blank verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. blank verse 无韵诗，素体诗 unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most widely used of English verse forms and usually used in English dramatic and epic poetry. William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is written in blank verse. essay 散文 a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a few hundred words or of book length and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of good essay. Realism: approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity, mainly associated with literature movement in 19c France. George Eliot introduced French realism to England. It chiefly concerned the life of middle and lower classes, it writes about common places of everyday life. A slice of life (individual & social) emphasized and also it had emphasized. It is not a tendency. Symbolism: A literary movement that arose in France in the last half of the nineteenth century and that greatly influenced many english writers, particularly poets, of the twentieth century. To the symbolist poets, an emotion is indefinite and therefore difficult to communicate. Symbolist poets tends to avoid any direct statement of meaning. Instead, they work through emtionally powerful symbols that suggest meaning and mood. 17. iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格 the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly established by him in The Canterbury Tales. Ode: A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. . Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginnigogom. . Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginnigogom. . Free Verse: Verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern . Neoclassicism: A revival in the 17th agogo of order, balance, and harmony in literature.. Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central character who is usually dignified or heroic. Comedy: in general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicable armistice between the protagonist and society. Couplet: Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet. Figure of speech：figure of speech refer to the ways of making language figurative merican Modernism is a cultural movement which began in the beginning of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. I it’s key elements are experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral 大脑的 rather than emotive aspects. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historical tradition,and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.