saej1050v002

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.Copyright©2003SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)Tel:724-776-4970(outsideUSA)Fax:724-776-0790Email:custsvc@sae.orgSAEWEBADDRESS:http://www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1050REV.JAN2003Issued1973-09Revised2003-01SupersedingJ1050AUG1994(R)DescribingandMeasuringtheDriver'sFieldofViewForeword—ThisDocumenthasalsochangedtocomplywiththenewSAETechnicalStandardsBoardFormat.DefinitionshasbeenchangedtoSection3.AllotherSectionnumbershavechanged.TABLEOFCONTENTS1Scope.......................................................................................................................................................22References...............................................................................................................................................22.1ApplicablePublications............................................................................................................................23.Definitions.................................................................................................................................................24.MeasuringDirectFieldofView.................................................................................................................54.1DirectFieldforanIndividualDriver..........................................................................................................54.2DirectFieldforaGroupofDrivers............................................................................................................74.3MethodforApproximatingDirectfieldofViewThroughWindows..........................................................105MeasuringIndirectFieldofView............................................................................................................105.1FieldofViewforanIndividualDriver......................................................................................................105.2FieldofViewforaGroupofDrivers.......................................................................................................115.3FieldofViewUsingNeckPivotPointsDefinedinSAEJ941.................................................................126Obstructions...........................................................................................................................................126.1ObstructioninDirectFieldasSeenbyanIndividualDriver...................................................................126.2ObstructionsintheDirectFieldasSeenbyaGroupofDrivers.............................................................136.3DeterminingtheAreasontheDisplayandControlSurfacesWhicharenotObstructed.......................146.4ObstructionsintheIndirectField............................................................................................................14AppendixADevelopingVandPPoints.....................................................................................................................15AppendixBApproximatingtheIndirectFieldofViewUsing“P”PointsDefinedinSAEJ941...................................17AppendixCApproximatingtheObstructionAnglefromA-Pillars..............................................................................18AppendixDApproximatingtheVisibleAreasonControlandDisplaySurfaces........................................................19SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-2-1.Scope—ThisSAERecommendedPracticeestablishesmethodsfordescribingandmeasuringthedriver'sfieldofview.Thedocumentdescribesthreemethodsformeasuringthedirectandindirectfieldsofviewandtheextentofobstructionswithinthosefields.Thefirstmethodusesanysinglepairofeyepointstodeterminethefieldsorobstructionsthatwouldbeseenbyanindividualdriver.ThesecondmethodusestheSAEEyellipsesdefinedinSAEJ941todeterminethelargestfieldsorobstructionsthatwouldbeseenforagivenpercentageofthedrivingpopulation.ThethirdmethodusesspecificeyepointsdefinedinSAEJ941tomeasuretheextentofaspecificfieldofvieworobstructionforwhichthosepointsweredeveloped.2.References2.1ApplicablePublications—Thefollowingpublicationsformapartofthisspecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwiseindicated,thelatestissueofSAEpublicationsshallapply.2.1.1SAEPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001.SAEJ264—VisionGlossarySAEJ941—MotorVehicleDrivers’EyeLocationsSAEJ985—VisionFactorsConsiderationsinRearViewMirrorDesign3.Definitions3.1VisionOriginPoints3.1.1EYEPOINT(EPOINT)(FIGURE1)—Pointrepresentingthelocationoftheeyeandfromwhichsightlinesmayoriginate.Theleftandrighteyepointsare65.0mmapart.FIGURE1—EYESMAYROTATEABOUTTHEEYEPOINTS(EPOINTS)AMAXIMUMOF30DEGREESLEFTANDRIGHT,45DEGREESUPAND65DEGREESDOWNSAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-3-3.1.2NECKPIVOTPOINT(PPOINT)(FIGURE1)—Apointaboutwhichthedriver'sheadturnsonahorizontalplane.Itislocated98mmrearwardandmidwaybetweentheleftandrighteyepoints.(AppendixA)3.1.3VISIONPOINT(VPOINT)—Apointdevelopedandusedfordefiningandmeasuringspecificdirectfieldofviewrequirements.(AppendixA)3.2SightLine—Alinerepresentingthedriver'slineofsightfromaneyepointoraVPointtoatargetpointoratagivenangle.3.3EyeRotation3.3.1MAXIMUMEYEROTATION(FIGURE1)—Theeyemayrotateamaximumof30degreesleft,30degreesright,45degreesup,and65degreesdownfromstraightahead.3.3.2EASYEYEROTATION—Theeyemayrotateeasily15degreesleft,15degreesright,15degreesup,and15degreesdownfromstraightahead.3.4HeadTurn3.4.1MAXIMUMHEADTURN(FIGURE2)—Thedriver'sheadmayturnaboutaverticalaxisamaximumof60degreestotheleftortotherightfromthestraightaheadposition.FIGURE2—THESIGHTLINESANDEYEPOINTS(EPOINTS)MAYROTATEABOUTTHENECKPIVOTPOINT(PPOINT)AMAXIMUMOF60DEGREESLEFTORRIGHT3.4.2EASYHEADTURN—Thedriver'sheadmayeasilyturnaboutaverticalaxis45degreestotheleftortotherightfromthestraightaheadposition.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-4-3.5IndirectVisionDevice—Anydeviceusedbyadrivertoviewafield.Examplesaremirrorsandvideosystems.3.6FieldofView—Thesolidangledefinedbysightlinesoriginatingfromoneormoreeyepoints.3.6.1DIRECTFIELDOFVIEW—Thefieldofviewseenwithouttheaidofanydevices.3.6.2INDIRECTFIELDOFVIEW—Thefieldofviewseenwiththeuseofdevices.3.6.3MONOCULARFIELDOFVIEW(FIGURE3)—Thefieldofviewthatcanbeseenbyoneeye.FIGURE3—DIRECTHORIZONTALFIELDOFVIEW.THEBINOCULAROBSTRUCTIONISSEENBYBOTHEYES.THEMONOCULAROBSTRUCTIONISSEENONLYBYTHELEFTEYE.3.6.4BINOCULARFIELDOFVIEW(FIGURE3)—Thefieldofviewthatcanbeseenbybotheyessimultaneously.3.6.5AMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEW(FIGURE3)—Thetotalfieldofviewthatcanbeseenbybotheyesseparately.Thisincludesthebinocularfieldaswellasthemonocularfieldvisibletotherighteyebutnotthelefteyeandviceversa.3.6.6RANGEOFFIELDOFVIEW(FIGURE4)—Thesumoftheangularfieldsofviewtotherightandleft(orupanddown)whichcanbeseenbyanindividualdriverorbythepercentofdriversspecifiedbyanEyellipsewhichisused.Althoughthesamepercentofdriverswillseethefieldtotheleftandthefieldtotheright(orupanddown),notallthesamedriverswillbeincludedinbothgroups.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-5-FIGURE4—RANGEOFDIRECTAMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEWISTHESUMOFTHEFIELDTOTHELEFTANDTHATTOTHERIGHT3.6.7PERIPHERALFIELDOFVIEW—Thefieldofviewthatextendsamaximumof90degreesinthetemporaldirection.3.7Obstruction3.7.1BINOCULAROBSTRUCTION(FIGURE3)—Anyobjectwithinthebinocularviewwhichcreatesanareabehinditwhichcannotbeseensimultaneouslybytheleftandrighteyes.3.7.2MONOCULAROBSTRUCTION(FIGURE3)—Anyobjectvisibletoonlyoneeyewhichcreatesanareabehinditwhichcannotbeseenbythateye.4.MeasuringDirectFieldofView—Thedirectfieldofviewismeasuredusingambinocularvision,soanypointorangleisdeemedvisibleifatleastoneoftheeyescanseeit.Therefore,whenmeasuringanangularfieldlimitedbyanaperture(e.g.,throughawindow),thelargestangularfieldatanypointalongtheapertureisthatseenbytheeyepointfarthestfromthepointontheaperture.Thelargestfieldtotheleftisfoundusingtherighteyepointandthelargestfieldtotherightisfoundusingthelefteyepoint.Whendeterminingwhetheraspecificpointoranglecanbeseenwithinafieldthatisnotlimitedbyanaperture,theeyepointclosesttothepointoranglewillviewthepointoranglewiththesmallestheadturnand/oreyerotation.Therefore,therighteyepointshouldbeusedtoviewapointtotherightandthelefteyepointusedtoviewapointtotheleft.4.1DirectFieldforanIndividualDriver—Ifthefollowingprocedureisperformedforpointsattheleftandrightlimitsofthefield,thehorizontalanglebetweenthetwosightlinesisthedriver'sdirectambinocularfieldofview.Thefieldmaybelimitedbyanapertureorbythelimitsofeyerotation.Likewise,theverticalfieldofviewmaybefoundusingthetopandbottomfieldlimits.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-6-4.1.1SELECTTHEEYEPOINT—Ifthefieldislimitedbyanaperture,usetheeyepointfartherfromthepointontheapertureunderconsideration.(Figure5)Ifthefieldisnotlimitedbyanaperture,usetheeyepointclosertothepointorangletobeviewed.(Figure6)4.1.2ROTATETHESIGHTLINEABOUTTHEEYEPOINT(FIGURES5AND6)—Rotatethesightlineabouttheeyepointuntilitreachesthespecifiedpointoranglebutnotfartherthanallowedbymaximumhorizontalandverticaleyerotation.Ifthesightlinedoesnotreachthepointorangle,thenitisnotvisiblewitheyerotationonly.FIGURE5—RANGEOFHORIZONTALAMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEWFORANINDIVIDUALDRIVERWITHEYEROTATIONONLY.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEFIELDTOTHELEFTISLIMITEDBYTHEAPERTUREANDTHEFIELDTOTHERIGHTISLIMITEDBYALLOWABLEEYEROTATION.FIGURE6—INDIVIDUALDRIVERVIEWINGPOINTSWITHINAFIELDWHICHISNOTLIMITEDBYANAPERTURE.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEPOINTONTHELEFTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONONLYANDTHATONTHERIGHTISSEENUSINGEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-7-4.1.3FIELDOFVIEWWITHEYEROTATIONONLY—Thefieldofviewwitheyerotationonlyisdefinedusingthehorizontalandverticalanglesofthesightlinefrom4.1.2orthepointwherethesightlineintersectsatarget.4.1.4ROTATETHESIGHTLINEABOUTTHENECKPIVOTPOINT(FIGURES6AND7)—Ifthesightlinefrom4.1.2doesnotpassthroughthespecifiedpointordoesnotreachthespecifiedangle,thenrotateitabouttheneckpivotpointuntiliteitherreachesthepointorangleorreachesmaximumheadturn.Ifthesightlinedoesnotreachthepointorangle,thenitisnotvisiblewithinthelimitsofmaximumeyerotationandheadturn.FIGURE7—RANGEOFHORIZONTALAMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEWTHROUGHANAPERTUREFORANINDIVIDUALDRIVER.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEFIELDTOTHELEFTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONONLYANDTHATTOTHERIGHTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN.4.1.5FIELDOFVIEWWITHEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN—Thefieldofviewwitheyerotationandheadturnisdefinedusingthehorizontalandverticalanglesofthesightlinefrom4.1.4orthepointwherethesightlineintersectsatarget.4.2DirectFieldforaGroupofDrivers—TheEyellipsesmaybeusedtodeterminethelargestdirectfieldofviewwhichwillbeseenbyeveryonewithinaselectedgroupofdrivers.TheselectedgroupisdeterminedbytheEyellipsechosen.Ifthe95thpercentileEyellipseisusedinthisprocedure,95%ofdriverswillviewatleastthecalculatedfield.4.2.1FIELDFORANYANGLEORPOINT—DirectfieldofviewisdefinedusingaplanewhichistangenttoanEyellipseandwhicheithergoesthroughthepointofinterestorisatthedesiredangle.Theplanemaybeatanyorientationrelativetothecoordinatesystemwithinthelimitsofmaximumheadturnandeyerotation.Becausealltheeyepointsoftheselectedgroupareontheellipsesideofthattangentplane,alldriverswithinthegroupwillviewatleasttheangleontheellipsesideoftheplane.IfthetangentplanecontainsapointonanapertureandistangenttothesideoftheEyellipseclosesttotheaperturepoint,alldriverswithinthegroupwouldbeabletoseethroughtheapertureattheangleoftheplane.ThelargestfieldthroughtheaperturewouldbedefinedusingtheEyellipsefarthestfromtheaperturepoint.IfthetangentplanecontainsaspecifiedpointinspaceandistangenttothesideoftheEyellipsefarthestfromthepoint,alldriverswithinthegroupwouldbeabletoseethatpoint.ThepointwillbeseenwiththeleastheadturnandeyerotationiftheEyellipseclosesttothespecifiedpointisused.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-8-4.2.2HORIZONTALFIELD—Thehorizontalrangeofdirectambinocularfieldofviewfortheselectedgroupofdriversisthehorizontalanglebetweentwoverticalplanesdefinedwhenthefollowingprocedureisperformedforpointsattheleftandrightlimitsofthevisionarea.Thelimitsmaybethoseimposedbyanapertureorbymaximumeyerotationandheadturn.4.2.2.1SelecttheProperEyellipse—Ifthefieldislimitedbyanaperture,usetheEyellipsefarthestfromthepointontheapertureandconstructtheplanetothesideoftheEyellipseclosesttothepoint.(Figure8)Ifthefieldisnotlimitedbyanaperture,usetheEyellipseclosesttothepointorangleandconstructtheplanetothesideoftheEyellipsefarthestfromthepointorangle.(Figure9)FIGURE8—THERANGEOFHORIZONTALAMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEWFORAGROUPOFDRIVERSWITHEYEROTATIONONLYISTHEANGLEBETWEENAVERTICALPLANETANGENTTOTHELEFTSIDEOFTHERIGHTEYELLIPSEANDONETANGENTTOTHERIGHTSIDEOFTHELEFTEYELLIPSEINTHISEXAMPLE,THEFIELDTOLEFTISLIMITEDBYTHEAPERATUREANDTHEFIELDTOTHERIGHTISLIMITEDBYEYEROTATION.FIGURE9—POINTSVISIBLETOAGROUPOFDRIVERSWITHINAFIELDNOTLIMITEDBYANAPERTURE.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEPOINTONTHELEFTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONONLYANDTHATTOTHERIGHTISSEENUSINGEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-9-4.2.2.2DefinetheTangentPlaneWithintheLimitsofEyeRotation(Figures8and9)—LocateaverticalplanethroughthepointoratthespecifiedangleandtangenttotheEyellipse.Iftheangleoftheplane,asmeasuredfromstraightahead,exceedsthatallowedbymaximumeyerotation,thespecifiedpointorangleisnotvisible.Inthiscase,relocatetheplanetangenttotheEyellipseattheangleallowedbymaximumeyerotation.4.2.2.3FieldWithEyeRotationOnly—Thefieldofviewwitheyerotationonlyisdefinedbythehorizontalangleoftheplane.4.2.2.4RotatethePlaneWithintheLimitsofHeadTurn(Figures9and10)—Iftheverticalplanefrom4.2.2.2doesnotpassthroughthespecifiedpointorreachthespecifiedangle,itmaybefurtherrotatedaboutaverticalaxisthroughtheneckpivotpointuntilitdoes,butnotfartherthanallowedbymaximumheadturn.Iftheplanedoesnotreachthepointorangle,thenitisnotvisiblewithinthelimitsofmaximumeyerotationandheadturn.FIGURE10—THERANGEOFHORIZONTALAMBINOCULARFIELDOFVIEWFORAGROUPOFDRIVERSUSINGEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEFIELDTOTHELEFTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONONLYANDTHATTOTHERIGHTISSEENWITHEYEROTATIONANDHEADTURN.4.2.2.5FieldWithEyeRotationandHeadTurn—Thefieldofviewisdefinedbythehorizontalangleoftheplane.4.2.3VERTICALFIELD(FIGURE11)—ThedirectverticalfieldoftheselectedgroupofdriversisdefinedusingplanestangenttotheEyellipseandperpendiculartoaverticalplanealongthelongitudinalaxisofthevehicle(theY-Zplane).Theselectedgroupwillviewatleastthefieldontheellipsesideofthetangentplane.Ifthefollowingprocedureisperformedforpointsatthetopandbottomlimitsofthefield,theverticalanglebetweenthetwoplanesdefinestheverticalrangeofthedirectfieldofview.Thelimitsofthefieldmayeitherbethoseimposedbyaperturesorbymaximumeyerotation.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-10-FIGURE11—RANGEOFVERTICALFIELDOFVIEWFORAGROUPOFDRIVERS.INTHISEXAMPLE,THEDOWNWARDFIELDISLIMITEDBYTHEAPERTUREANDTHEUPWARDFIELDISLIMITEDBYALLOWABLEEYEROTATION.4.2.3.1DefinetheTangentPlaneWithintheLimitsofEyeRotation—LocateaplaneperpendiculartotheY-Zplane,throughaspecifiedpointorataspecifiedangleandtangenttothetoporbottomoftheEyellipse,whicheverisclosesttothepoint.Iftheplaneisinclinedupwardordownwardbyananglegreaterthanallowedbymaximumeyerotation,thenthepointorangleisnotvisiblewithinthelimitsofmaximumeyerotation.4.2.3.2FieldofView—Thefieldisdefinedbytheanglebywhichtheplaneisinclinedaboveorbelowahorizontalplane.4.3MethodforApproximatingDirectFieldofViewThroughWindows—Forthepurposeofcomparingthedirectfieldsofviewprovidedbyagroupofvehiclesorwindowsofdifferentsizes,themid-Eyellipsecentroidshouldbeusedasthemostacceptablesingleeyepoint.5.MeasuringIndirectFieldofView—Thefieldofviewofanindirectvisiondevice(i.e.,mirrors,cameras)isdefinedusingambinocularvision.Thefieldsmaybedescribedeitherusinghorizontalandverticalanglesorareasseenonaspecifiedtarget.5.1FieldofViewforanIndividualDriver5.1.1SELECTTHEEYEPOINT(FIGURE12)—Usetheeyepointfarthestfromanypointonthedisplaydeviceandthepointonthedisplayfarthestfromthateyepoint.5.1.2ROTATETHESIGHTLINEWITHINTHELIMITSOFALLOWABLEEYEROTATION(FIGURE12)—Rotateasightlineabouttheeyepointuntiliteitherpassesthroughthepointonthedisplayorreachestheangleallowedbymaximumhorizontalorverticaleyerotation.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-11-FIGURE12—WHENVIEWINGTHEINDIRECTVISIONDEVICE,THEEYEPOINTFARTHERFROMTHEDEVICEISROTATEDTOVIEWTHEPOINTONTHEDEVICEFARTHESTFROMTHEEYE.THEFIELDOFVIEWISMEASUREDAMBINOCULARLY.5.1.3ROTATETHESIGHTLINEWITHINTHELIMITSOFALLOWABLEHEADTURN(FIGURE12)—Ifthesightlinefrom5.1.2doesnotpassthroughthedisplaypoint,rotateitabouttheneckpivotpointuntilitdoes,butnotfartherthanallowedbymaximumheadturn.5.1.4TRACESIGHTLINESTHROUGHTHEOPTICALSYSTEM(FIGURE12)—Tracesufficientsightlinesfromtheleftandrighteyepointsthroughtheopticalsystemtodefinethefieldofview.Thefieldmaybedefinedusingthehorizontalandverticalanglesofthesightlinesorthepointsatwhichtheyintersectatarget.NOTE—Forsystemswhichuseelectronicsensorsanddisplay,thesightlineswouldbetracedthroughtheopticalsystemfromthesensor.5.2FieldofViewforaGroupofDrivers—TheEyellipsesmaybeusedtodeterminethelargestindirectfieldofviewthroughadevicewhichmaybeseenbyeveryonewithinaselectedgroupofdrivers.TheselectedgroupisdeterminedbytheEyellipsechosen.Ifthe95thpercentileEyellipseisusedinthisprocedure,95%ofdriverswillviewatleasttheanglecalculatedortheareaofthetargetdefined.Thehorizontalindirectambinocularfieldforthegroupofdriversisthelargesthorizontalanglebetweentwosightlinesdefinedwhenthefollowingprocedureisperformedforpointsattheleftandrightextremesofthevisiondevice.Likewisetheverticalfieldfortheselectedgroupofdriversisthelargestverticalfieldbetweenthetwosightlinesdefinedwhenthefollowingprocedureisperformedforpointsatthetopandbottomextremesofthevisiondevice.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-12-5.2.1LOCATETHEEYEPOINTS(FIGURE13)—DefineoneeyepointatthepointoneitherEyellipsewhichisfarthestfromanypointontheindirectvisiondisplay.LocatetheothereyepointinthecorrespondingpositionontheoppositeEyellipse.Locatetheneckpivotpointfortheseeyepoints.FIGURE13—INDIRECTFIELDOFVIEWFORAGROUPOFDRIVERS.ONEEYEPOINTISTHEPOINTONTHEEYELLIPSES(A)FARTHESTFROMANYPOINTONTHEDISPLAY(M).THEOTHERISONTHEOPPOSITEELLIPSEINTHECORRESPONDINGPOSITION.5.2.2Rotatetheeyepointsandcalculatethefieldusingtheproceduresoutlinedin5.1.5.3FieldofViewUsingNeckPivotPointsDefinedinSAEJ941—AmethodforapproximatingmaximumfieldofviewforagroupofdriversusingneckpivotpointsdefinedinSAEJ941isgiveninAppendixB.6.Obstructions—Obstructionsanywherewithinthedirectorindirectfieldsofviewmaybedescribedbydefiningthehorizontalorverticalobstructionanglesorbydefiningareasonaspecifiedtargetwhichareobstructed.6.1ObstructioninDirectFieldasSeenbyanIndividualDriver(Figure14)6.1.1SELECTTHEEYEPOINT—Usetherighteyepointforobstructionstotherightandlefteyepointforthoseontheleft.6.1.2ROTATETHESIGHTLINEWITHINTHELIMITSOFEYEROTATION—Rotateasightlinefromtheselectedeyepointuntilitistangenttoapointontheoutboardsideoftheobstruction,butnotfartherthanallowedbymaximumeyerotation.SAEJ1050RevisedJAN2003-13-FIGURE14—OBSTRUCTIONANGLESANDOBSTRUCTEDAREASSEENBYANINDIVIDUALDRIVER6.1.3ROTATETHESIGHTLINEWITHINTHELIMITSOFHEADTURN—Ifthesightlineof6.1.2didnotreachtheoutboardsideoftheobstruction,theeyepointsandsightlinemayberotatedaboutaverticalaxisthroughtheneckpivotpointuntilthesightlinereachestheoutboardsideoftheobstructionbutnotfartherthanallowedbym