英语听力速记方法

英语听力速记方法Ⅰ箭头→：exportto,sendto,cause(导致)，arrivein/atEg.:我今天下午到达北京I→BJat6:00pmd.←：import,receive(from),comeback(from)↑：increase,risedevelop,promote,grow,expandEg.:thiscompanykeepexpanding(↑)↓：decrease,decline,bomb(爆炸),drop...Ⅱ数学用符＋plus,and,inadditionto,furthermore(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.:therearefivestudentsplustenteachersattending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus,lack×wrong,incorrect,bad＞morethan,greater,moreandmore,superiorto＜lessthan,smaller,fewer,inferiorto≥morethanorequalto≤lessthanorequalto≠benotmatchfor…Eg.:jack≠Brandyjack不是.Brandy的对手≈around,almostEg.:这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto∴so,thereforeⅢ其它peopleorpersonEg.:中国人和美国人中°＆US°⊙meeting,conference,negotiation(谈判)□.state,countryEg.：2个国家2□＆and△.standfor,onbehalfofEg.:我代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 你I△U︰say,speak,tell,think.Eg.:我想说我爱你I想︰I.U？question,doubt,confusion.Eg.:我有个问题想问你。Ihave？︰askU"1)opinion,ideas.Eg.:就这个问题，我想说几点。I想︰几".2）Eg.:我去年来北京了。I来BJ"y注：年year(y)月month(m)日day(d)去年"y明年.y"前年︰y后年y︰！drawattentionEg.:信件结尾所用之bestwishes→U！！！()includingEg.:有5个人参加了这次会议，包括我。Five。→⊙(meⅣ数字Thousand(th)Million(m)Billion(b)AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S=sumf=frequencyLeaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf=comparee.g.=exampledept=departmentUseonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol=politicsdem=democracylib=liberalcap=capitalismUseentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres=presentationsubj=subjectind=individualcons=conservativeEliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc=associatebiol=biologyinfo=informationach=achievementchem=chemistrymax=maximumintro=introductionconc=concentrationmin=minimumrep=repetitionOmitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd=preparedprblm=problemestmt=estimatebkgd=backgroundgvt=governmentUseanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't=amountcont'd=continuedgov't=governmenteducat'l=educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts=chaptersegs=examplesfs=frequenciesintros=introductionsUsegtorepresentingendings.ckg=checkingestg=establishingdecrg=decreasingexptg=experimentingSpelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.Leaveoutunimportantwords.Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.&=andw/=withw/o=withoutvs=against\=therefore==isorequalUsetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb=German,forexampleibid=Latin,thesameworko=degreesH2O=waterMorereference:Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:+plus//parallelUsestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:egexampleITdeptInformationTechnologydepartmentUKUnitedKingdomUseonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:marmarketingcuscustomercliclientUsetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:subjsubjectbudgbudgetindindividualTodistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:tech'gytechnologygen'iongeneralisationdel'ydeliveryUsejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:assocassociatedachachievementinfoinformationOmitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:bkgdbackgroundmvmtmovementprblmproblemFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:custscustomersfsfrequencies/sratiosUse'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:decrgdecreasingckgcheckingestblgestablishingSpellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:inbutaskeyLeaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:iswaswereLeaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:aantheIfaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACBUsesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:@at2to4for\&andw/withw/owithoutvsagainstCreateyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.OtherSymbolsandAbbreviationsasaresultof/consequencesof<--->resultingin--->and/also+equalto/sameas=followingffmostimportantly*lessthanespeciallyesp/一缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音拿掉所有元音拿掉所有元音拿掉所有元音MKT:marketMGR:managerMSG:messageSTD:standardRCV:receiveF保留前几个字母保留前几个字母保留前几个字母保留前几个字母INFOinformationINFOinformationINSinsuranceEXCHexchangeIoweyouIOUInsteadofI/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母保留开头和结尾个发音字母保留开头和结尾个发音字母保留开头和结尾个发音字母WKweekRMroomPLpeopleF根据发音根据发音根据发音根据发音RareTHOthoughTHRUthrough高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词缩略词原词缩略词原词缩略词原词APTApartmentACCAccountantACDGAccordingACPTAcceptADAdvertisementADSAddressADVAdviceAMAPAsmuch/manyaspossibleAMTAmountAPVApproveASAPAssoonaspossibleBALBalanceBLDGBuildingCERTCertificateCFMConformCNCLCancelCNFConferenceCMICommissionCMPCompleteCMPECompete/competitiveCMUCommunicationCONCConcern/concerning/concernedCONDConditionCO.CompanyDEPTDepartmentDISCDiscountDPTDepartureEXCHExchangeEXPLNExplainEXTExtentFLTFlightFNTFinalFRTFreightFYRForyourreferenceGDGoodGUARGuaranteeH.O.HomeofficeINFOInformationIMPSImpossibleIMP(T)ImportantINCDIncludeINDIVIndividualINSInsuranceINTSTInterestedI/OInsteadofIOUIoweyouIVOInviewofMANUFManufactureMDLModelMEMOMemorandumMGRMangerMINMinimumMKTMarketMSGMessageNCRYNecessaryNLTNolaterthanOBSObserveOBTObtainORDOrdinaryPATPatentPCPiecePKGPackingPLPeoplePLSPleasePOSNPositionPOSS(BL)PossiblePRODProductQLTYQualityQUTYQuantityRCVReceiveREFReferenceREGLRegularREPRepresentativeRESNReservationRPTRepeatRESPONResponsibleSECSectionSITNSituationSTDStandardTELTelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGMTelegraphTHOThoughTKSThanksTRDTradeTRFTrafficTTLTotalUYouURYourWKWeekWLWillWTWeightXLExtralarge二字母、图像Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示为CZP表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZE表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业:agriculture.agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B表示商业：business。C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。W表示工作，职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。i表示工业:industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 （treaty,agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.T表示"领导人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery有关的词汇。O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.J表示开心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.EO表示听到、总所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.O表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc.三、箭头g表示到达、传达：gointo，arriveat，giveto，sendto，presenttoetc.表示导致、引导：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.表示屈服：submittof表示来自于：be/comefrom，return，receivefrom,etc.表示追溯到：come/gobackto，originateh表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend,etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open,start,etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote,etc表示"波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.四四四四、、、、数学符号数学符号数学符号数学符号+表示"多":many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.++(+2)表示"多"的比较级：more+3表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少":little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.>表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.表示"高"概念：superiorto，surpass,etc.<表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferiorto，etc.=表示"同等"概念：means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.表示"对手"概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.()表示"在......之间"：among,within,etc.≠表示"不同"概念：bedifferentfrom,etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless,peerless,etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，orso，approximately,etc./表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：crossout,eliminate,etc.五五五五、、、、标点等标点等标点等标点等:表示各种各样"说"的动词：say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.?表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?.(dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday,".y"表示lastyear,".2m"表示twomonthago。"y"表示thisyear,"y2."twoyearlater"nextweek",可以表示为"wk."∧表示转折√表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"同意"状态，standupfor，support，agreewithsb,certain/affirmative,etc.☆表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual,etc.&表示"和"，"与"：and，togetherwith，alongwith，accompany，alongwith，furthermore，etc.∥表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.六六六六、、、、较长单词的处理办法较长单词的处理办法较长单词的处理办法较长单词的处理办法-ism简写为m例如：socialismSm-tion简简写为n例如：standardization( 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化)stdn-cian简简写为o例如：techniciantecho-ing简写为g例如：marketing(市场营销)MKTg-ed简写为d例如：acceptedacptd-able/ible/ble简写为bl例如：availableavbl-ment简写为mt例如：amendmentamdmt-ize简写为z例如：recognizeregz-ful简写为fl例如：meaningfulmnfl