翻译目的论述（Skopos Theory）

翻译目的论述（Skopos Theory） 翻译目的论述(Skopos Theory) Abstract translation skopos theory is considered as a major breakthrough in the study of western translation theories. It has been introduced into China and injected new blood into the study of translation theory in china. In this paper, on the basis of previous studies, make a comprehensive study on the skopos theory, including its formation and development, its advantages and limitations, and the main differences between the traditional translation theory and its application in the field of practice. Skopos theory, behavioral theory, limitations, and traditional translation theories The purpose of Hans's theory, Vermeer "behavior theory" as the foundation of the creation of the translation theory, is the core of the functionalist translation theory. Its proposition is regarded as a major theoretical breakthrough in the study of western translation theories. Since the purpose of available, agree with it, critics also have, each one according to his lights. On the basis of summing up and referring to the predecessors, this paper makes a comprehensive study of the formation and development of teleology, its advantages and limitations, and its application in the field of practice. Readers are expected to have a more comprehensive and clear understanding of Skopos theory through reading this article. I. Research Status of Skopos Theory The purpose of the main idea in Vermeer and his mentor Rice cooperation "foundation" in general translation theory systematically. Its formation and development has gone through three stages. In the first stage, Rice's research is the basis of the formation of teleology. Rice in the "equivalence" (translation should be with the original in form, content and function of communication on peer) for the study of the practice is that sometimes the translation and the original can not achieve complete equivalence, this is sometimes equivalent should not be pursued, because in some special situations, different requirements of the factors on translation, translator priority should be given to a feature of translation equivalence and small foot. On the basis of his tutor's research, Vermeer breaks through the equivalence theory centered on "equivalence", and establishes teleology based on the theory of behavior. He believes that translation studies should not rely solely on linguistics, because, first, translation is not merely or even mainly a linguistic process; second, linguistics has not yet put forward the problem of translation difficulties. Therefore, he proposed that human behavior is a purpose, translation behavior is a purposeful activity, the translator should in under the guidance of translation and consider all relevant factors, so as to select the most suitable translation methods, so as to achieve the desired purpose. The law of ends is the central law of teleology. That is to say, the first law translation is to follow the "Skopos rule", the process to achieve the purpose of translation determines the translation action, namely "the decision method", which produce an expected function of the target text is the most important goal. Vermeer and the "purpose" of three interpretations, the translator's purpose (such as money), the communicative purpose of the translation (such as enlightening) and using a special translation methods to achieve the purpose of using the structure (such as literal translation in order to explain the grammatical structure of a language in a special place the way). The "purpose" mainly refers to the communicative purpose, which means that the translator takes the task to the translator, and the translator can negotiate with the sponsor according to the actual needs so as to achieve the purpose of satisfying both sides. Nord holds that the translator has no right to participate in the translation purpose. Vermeer also believes that the only information provider, when faithfulness fails, the translation process is the standard of "adequacy", that is as long as to reach its intended function of intercultural communication, translation and the original difference is how far do not have to consider the. The other two laws are the law of coherence and the law of fidelity. The law of coherence refers to the fact that the target text must conform to the cultural context of the target text. In other words, the target text must enable the reader to understand the meaning of the translated text in its cultural context. The law of faithfulness means that the translation must be faithful to the original text, namely, to achieve interlingual coherence. In his arrangement of the basic laws, we can see that the law of loyalty is at the last place. This is the second stage and the most important stage of teleology development. The third phase of the study is mainly on Justa, Hertz, Mantari and Nord. Justa, Hertz, manttari focuses on the translation process, the translation is to achieve a specific purpose of complex activities, emphasizing the participants (initiator, translator, target users and Readers) and the role of the translation process occurring in the environment. This is a new stage in the development of teleology. Nord also put forward the principle of "function plus loyalty", that is, in addition to the material required to be compatible with the material provided by the original, the function of the translation must also be compatible with the original intention. At the present stage, the research on Skopos theory has been more mature. Many people take the "Skopos Theory" as the main direction of research, or simply put skopos theory into functional translation theory. The China academic journal net, we found that most of the skopos theory research mainly in the following aspects, such as how to influence the translator's translation purpose translation strategies, how to make the translated text or reach the purpose of translation, translation studies or Skopos Theory under the guidance of practice. In practice, skopos theory has been used to explain some translation phenomena and to guide the translation of operational texts, especially advertising translation, trademark translation, tourism translation, etc.. Whether skopos theory is applicable to literary translation differs greatly. According to the skopos theory, the translation is successful as long as the translation reaches the expected purpose of the client. The translation of Lin Shu and Yan Fu, the representative of the late Qing Dynasty Novels, was undoubtedly a great success. Take Yan Fu as an example, although his translation is a deletion, sometimes even with his personal remarks, but he was in an old volume transfer, the complicated social environment, imperialism and the law of the jungle, his translation purpose is to introduce western advanced thoughts to arouse public opinion, urged people to make efforts to resist foreign aggression. Practice has proved that Yan Fu's translation really received the desired effect. His translation was very popular and reprinted. From this point of view, skopos theory is applicable to the interpretation of translation phenomena in the late Qing Dynasty novels. Similarly, skopos theory also provides a theoretical basis for the translation of multiple versions of a translation. As a novel, according to different purposes can be translated into easy to understand children's books, also can be translated into the same with the original artistic value of adult books, can also according to the characteristics of drama it adapted for the stage. However, the opponents believe that if the novel is translated only according to the purpose, it will lead to the loss of the original cultural features or the original special expressions. In this regard, Vermeer is such rebuttal, "the purpose of translation can be imitation of the source text or text syntactic structure, which can generate the syntax or structure of the source text is equal to the target text. In literary translation. The pursuit of the faithfulness is a kind of objective, is a universal objective oH (Tan Zaixi 2004256) according to Vermeer's skopos theory is applicable to the interpretation of literary translation. But the translator has a greater responsibility here.