《常用康复治疗技术操作规范(2012年版)》

adj.陌生的；外国的；外星球的lapn.跑道的一圈；重叠部分；（人坐着时）大腿的上方（使某人）感兴趣breastn.胸部；乳房△fulfillingadj.令人满意的；令人愉快的△unpaidadj.未付款的；不受报酬的proceduren.程序；步骤；手续gathervt.&vi.&n.搜集；集合；聚集throatn.咽喉；喉咙tractorn.拖拉机；牵引机1/262第一篇物理治疗............................................................................................8第一章功能评定................................................................................................................................8第一节身体形态评定......................................................................................................................8一、姿势........................................................................................................................................8二、身高与体重............................................................................................................................9三、肢体长度和围度....................................................................................................................9第二节关节活动范围测量............................................................................................................10一、四肢关节..............................................................................................................................10二、脊柱关节..............................................................................................................................11第三节肌力评定............................................................................................................................12一、徒手肌力评定......................................................................................................................12二、等速肌力评定......................................................................................................................14三、其他器械肌力评定..............................................................................................................15四、肌肉耐力评定......................................................................................................................16第四节肌张力评定........................................................................................................................16一、手法评定..............................................................................................................................16二、仪器评定..............................................................................................................................18第五节感觉评定............................................................................................................................19一、浅感觉..................................................................................................................................19二、深感觉..................................................................................................................................20三、复合感觉..............................................................................................................................20第六节平衡评定............................................................................................................................21一、临床观察..............................................................................................................................21二、量表评定..............................................................................................................................22三、仪器评定..............................................................................................................................24第七节协调评定............................................................................................................................24一、上肢......................................................................................................................................24二、下肢......................................................................................................................................25第八节步行评定............................................................................................................................26一、步行能力..............................................................................................................................26二、步态分析..............................................................................................................................26第九节心血管评定........................................................................................................................28一、心率......................................................................................................................................28二、血压......................................................................................................................................29三、心电分级运动试验..............................................................................................................30四、简易运动试验技术..............................................................................................................31第十节呼吸评定............................................................................................................................32一、通气功能..............................................................................................................................32二、代谢当量..............................................................................................................................34三、心肺联合运动试验..............................................................................................................34第十一节疼痛评定........................................................................................................................35一、压力测痛法..........................................................................................................................362/262二、视觉模拟评分法..................................................................................................................36三、疼痛问卷..............................................................................................................................37附录..................................................................................................................................................38附表1-2-1上肢关节活动范围测量.......................................................................................38附表1-2-2下肢关节活动范围测量.......................................................................................38附表1-2-3脊柱关节活动范围测量.......................................................................................39附表1-3-1上肢肌肉徒手肌力检查.......................................................................................40附表1-3-2下肢肌肉徒手肌力检查.........................................................................................52附表1-3-3躯干肌肉徒手肌力检查.........................................................................................59第二章运动治疗..............................................................................................................................63第一节关节活动范围训练............................................................................................................63一、被动关节活动范围训练......................................................................................................63二、主动-助力关节活动训练.....................................................................................................64三、主动运动..............................................................................................................................65第二节关节松动技术....................................................................................................................66一、上肢......................................................................................................................................66二、下肢......................................................................................................................................68三、脊柱......................................................................................................................................68第三节牵伸技术............................................................................................................................69一、上肢......................................................................................................................................69二、下肢......................................................................................................................................70三、躯干......................................................................................................................................70第四节肌力训练............................................................................................................................71一、徒手肌力训练......................................................................................................................71二、等长肌力训练......................................................................................................................72三、等张肌力训练......................................................................................................................72四、等速肌力训练......................................................................................................................73第五节步行训练............................................................................................................................74一、步行前训练..........................................................................................................................74二、步行训练..............................................................................................................................75第六节呼吸训练............................................................................................................................76一、腹式呼吸训练......................................................................................................................76二、抗阻呼气训练......................................................................................................................77三、深呼吸训练..........................................................................................................................78四、局部呼吸训练......................................................................................................................78五、排痰训练..............................................................................................................................79六、呼吸肌训练..........................................................................................................................79第七节平衡与协调训练................................................................................................................80一、无器械平衡训练..................................................................................................................80二、简易设备平衡训练..............................................................................................................81三、仪器平衡训练......................................................................................................................82四、协调训练..............................................................................................................................82第八节有氧训练............................................................................................................................833/262一、器械有氧训练......................................................................................................................83二、无器械有氧训练..................................................................................................................84第九节神经发育疗法....................................................................................................................84一、Brunnstrom技术...................................................................................................................84二、Bobath技术..........................................................................................................................86三、PNF技术..............................................................................................................................88第十节运动再学习........................................................................................................................92一、上肢功能训练......................................................................................................................93二、口面部功能训练..................................................................................................................94三、卧位到床边坐起及坐位平衡训练......................................................................................94四、站起与坐下训练..................................................................................................................95五、站立平衡训练......................................................................................................................96六、行走训练..............................................................................................................................97第十一节医疗体操........................................................................................................................97一、偏瘫......................................................................................................................................98二、颈椎病................................................................................................................................100三、腰椎间盘突出症................................................................................................................101四、肩周炎................................................................................................................................102五、膝关节骨关节炎................................................................................................................103六、脊柱侧凸............................................................................................................................104第十二节牵引治疗......................................................................................................................105一、腰椎牵引............................................................................................................................105二、颈椎牵引............................................................................................................................106第三章物理因子治疗....................................................................................................................107第一节电疗法..............................................................................................................................108一、直流电疗法........................................................................................................................108二、直流电药物离子导入疗法................................................................................................109三、低频电疗法........................................................................................................................110四、中频电疗法........................................................................................................................111五、高频电疗法........................................................................................................................111第二节光疗法..............................................................................................................................116一、红外线疗法........................................................................................................................116二、紫外线疗法........................................................................................................................116三、激光疗法............................................................................................................................118第三节磁疗法..............................................................................................................................119一、静磁场疗法........................................................................................................................119二、动磁场疗法........................................................................................................................120第四节超声波疗法......................................................................................................................120一、超声波疗法........................................................................................................................120二、超声药物透入疗法............................................................................................................122第五节冷疗法..............................................................................................................................122一、冷疗法................................................................................................................................122二、冷冻疗法............................................................................................................................1234/262第六节热疗法..............................................................................................................................124一、石蜡疗法............................................................................................................................124二、湿热袋敷疗法....................................................................................................................125三、泥疗法................................................................................................................................126第七节压力疗法..........................................................................................................................126一、正负压疗法........................................................................................................................126二、负压疗法............................................................................................................................127三、正压顺序循环疗法............................................................................................................128第八节肌电生物反馈疗法..........................................................................................................129第二篇作业治疗........................................................................................131第一章作业评定............................................................................................................................131第一节作业表现层次..................................................................................................................131一、作业需求............................................................................................................................131二、日常生活活动....................................................................................................................132三、工作....................................................................................................................................133四、生存质量............................................................................................................................135第二节作业构成层次..................................................................................................................136一、手功能................................................................................................................................136二、知觉功能............................................................................................................................138三、认知功能............................................................................................................................146第三节物理环境..........................................................................................................................149一、家居和社区环境................................................................................................................149二、工作环境............................................................................................................................150第二章作业治疗..............................................................................................................................152第一节作业表现层次......................................................................................