大学英语六级试题真题

Documentserialnumber【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】大学英语六级试题真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Asix-month-longnegotiation.B)Preparationsfortheparty.C)Aprojectwithatroublesomeclient.D)Giftwrappingforthecolleagues.2.A)Takeweddingphotos.B)Advertisehercompany.C)Startasmallbusiness.D)Throwacelebrationparty.3.A)Hesitant.B)Nervous.C)Flattered.D)Surprised.4.A)Startherownbakery.B)Improveherbakingskill.C)Sharehercookingexperience.D)Prepareforthewedding.Questions5to8arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyhavetospendmoretimestudying.B)Theyhavetoparticipateinclubactivities.C)Theyhavetobemoreresponsibleforwhattheydo.D)Theyhavetochooseaspecificacademicdiscipline.6.A)Getreadyforacareer.B)Makealotoffriends.C)Setalong-termgoal.D)Behavelikeadults.7.A)Thosewhoshareheracademicinterests.B)Thosewhorespectherstudentcommitments.C)Thosewhocanhelpherwhensheisinneed.D)Thosewhogotothesameclubsasshedoes.8.A)Thosehelpfulfortappingtheirpotential.B)Thoseconducivetoimprovingtheirsocialskills.C)Thosehelpfulforcultivatingindividualinterests.D)Thoseconducivetotheiracademicstudies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theybreakawayfromtraditionalwaysofthinking.B)Theyarepreparedtoworkharderthananyoneelse.C)Theyaregoodatrefiningoldformulas.D)Theybringtheirpotentialintofullplay.10.A)Theycontributedtothepopularityofskiingworldwide.B)Theyresultedinabrandnewstyleofskiingtechniques.C)Theypromotedthescientificuseofskiingpoles.D)Theymadeexplosivenewsinthesportsworld.11.A)Hewasrecognizedasageniusintheworldofsports.B)Hecompetedinallmajorskiingeventsintheworld.C)HewonthreegoldmedalsinoneWinterOlympics.D)Hebrokethreeworldskiingrecordsinthreeyears.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyappearrestless.B)Theyloseconsciousness.C)Theybecomeupset.D)Theydiealmostinstantly.13.A)Ithasaninstanteffectonyourbodychemistry.B)Itkeepsreturningtoyoueverynowandthen.C)Itleavesyouwithalonglastingimpression.D)Itcontributestotheshapingofyoumind.14.A)Tosucceedwhilefeelingirritated.B)Tofeelhappywithoutgoodhealth.C)Tobefreefromfrustrationandfailure.D)Toenjoygoodhealthwhileindarkmoods.15.A)Theyarecloselyconnected.B)Theyfunctioninasimilarway.C)Theyaretoocomplextounderstand.D)Theyreinforceeachotherconstantly.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theydifferintheirappreciationofmusic.B)Theyfocustheirattentionondifferentthings.C)Theyfingerthepianokeysindifferentways.D)Theychoosedifferentpiecesofmusictoplay.17.A)Theymanagetocooperatewellwiththeirteammates.B)Theyuseeffectivetacticstodefeattheircompetitors.C)Theytryhardtomeetthespectators’expectations.D)Theyattachgreatimportancetohighperformance.18.A)Itmarksabreakthroughinbehavioralscience.B)Itadoptsaconventionalapproachtoresearch.C)Itsupportsapieceofconventionalwisdom.D)Itgivesrisetocontroversyamongexperts.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)People’senvyofslimmodels.B)People’scrazeforgoodhealth.C)Theincreasingrangeoffancyproducts.D)Thegreatvarietyofslimmingproducts.20.A)Theyappearvigorous.B)Theyappearstrange.C)Theylookcharming.D)Theylookunhealthy.21.A)Cultureandupbringing.B)Wealthandsocialstatus.C)Peerpressure.D)Mediainfluence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Therelationbetweenhairandskin.B)Thegrowinginterestinskinstudies.C)Thecolorofhumanskin.D)Theneedofskinprotection.23.A)Thenecessitytosaveenergy.B)Adaptationtothehotenvironment.C)Theneedtobreathewithease.D)Dramaticclimatechangesonearth.24.A)Leavesandgrass.B)Man-madeshelter.C)Theirskincoloring.D)Hairontheirskin.25.A)Theirgeneticmakeupbegantochange.B)Theircommunitiesbegantogrowsteadily.C)Theirchildrenbegantomixwitheachother.D)Theirpaceofevolutionbegantoquicken.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedreamofpersonalisedflightisstillvividinthemindsofmanyinventors,somedevelopingcycle-poweredcraft,others26moneyintojetpacks(喷气飞行背包).However,theflyingcarhasalwaysremainedthe27symbolofpersonaltransportfreedom.Severalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveproduced28thatcandriveonroadsandfly.Airbushasafuturisticmodular(组件式的)conceptinvolvingapassengercapsulethatcanbe29fromtheroad-goingchassis(底盘)andpickedupbyahelicopter-typemachine.Butalltheseconceptsaremassivelyexpensive,requiresafetycertificationstandardsforroadandair,need30controls,involvecomplexfoldingwingsandpropellers,andhavetobeflownfromair-strips.Sotheyarelikelytoremainrichpeople’splaythingsratherthanpracticaltransportsolutionsforthemasses.“AcarthattakesofffromsomeLondonstreetandlandsinanother31streetisunlikelytohappen,”saysProf.Gray,aleadingaeronauticalengineer.“Skytaxisaremuchmorelikely.”Butthatwon’tstopinventorsfromdreamingupnewwaystoflyandtryingtopersuadeinvestorstobacktheirsometimes32schemes.Civilianaviationisbeingdisrupted,notbytheage-olddesiresforspeed,romanticismand33,butbythepressingneedtorespondtoachangingclimate.Newelectricenginescoupledwithartificialintelligenceand34systemswillcontributetoamoreefficient,integratedtransportsystemthatislesspollutingandlessnoisy.Thatmaysoundsimple,butasProf.Graysays,“WhenItravelsomewhereIlikethisnotionthatwhenIfinishmyjourneyIfeelbetterthanwhenIstartedit.That’scompletelyat35withhowIfeeltoday.”Nowthatwouldbeprogress.A)autonomousI)pouringB)detachedj)prototypesC)dualK)randomD)glamourL)repressingE)imminentM)segmentedF)oddsN)spectrumG)oppositesO)ultimateH)outrageousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CompaniesAreWorkingwithConsumerstoReduceWasteA)Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesareresponsiblefor44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.B)Conventionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenoincentivetolengthenthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenuetheywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.Yet,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisispartlydrivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Itisalsopartlyduetobothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironment.C)Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability.Thisisopposedtojustpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld’sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutsustainablelifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareaboutminimizingenergyuseandreducingwaste.D)Forthemostpart,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarerealizingthatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhentossingsomethingawayseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.E)Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunchedenvironmentalprograms.Theywanttomaketheircustomersinterestedinpreservingtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothegarbagedump.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they’repromisingqualityanddurabilitytoconsumers,andreceivingthereputationalgainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendly.F)Forexample,theSwedishjeanscompanyNudieJeansoffersfreerepairattwentyoftheirshops.Insteadofdiscardingtheiroldworn-outjeans,customersbringthemintoberenewed.Thecompanyevenprovidesmail-orderrepairkitsandonlinevideos,sothatcustomerscanlearnhowtofixapairofjeansathome.Theirphilosophyisthatextendingthelifeofapairofjeansisnotonlygreatfortheenvironment,butallowstheconsumertogetmorevalueoutoftheirproduct.Whencustomersdowanttotosstheirpair,theycangivethembacktothestore,whichwillrepurposeandresellthem.Anotherclothingcompany,Patagonia,ahigh-endoutdoorclothingstore,followsthesameprinciple.IthaspartneredwithDIYwebsiteiFixittoteachconsumershowtorepairtheirclothing,suchaswaterproofouterwear,athome.Thecompanyalsooffersarepairprogramfortheircustomersforamodestfee.Currently,Patagoniarepairsabout40,000garmentsayearintheirReno,Nevada,servicecenter.Accordingtothecompany’sCEO,RoseMarcario,thisisaboutbuildingacompanythatcaresabouttheenvironment.Atthesametime,offeringrepairsupportstheperceivedqualityofitsproducts.G)InBrazil,themultinationalcorporationAdidashasbeenrunningashoe-recyclingprogramcalled“SustainableFootprint”since2012.CustomerscanbringshoesofanybrandintoanAdidasstoretobeshreddedandturnedintoalternativefuelsforenergycreationinsteadofbeingburnedastrash.Theyareusedtofuelcementovens.Tomotivatevisitorstobringinmoreoldshoes,AdidasBrazilpromotestheprograminstoresbyshowingvideostoeducatecustomers,anditevenoffersadiscounteachtimeacustomerbringsinanoldpairofshoes.ThisbooststhereputationandimageofAdidasbymakingpeoplemoreawareofthecompany’svalues.H)Enormousopportunitiesalsoliewithe-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discardedelectricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictonsrespectively.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminummaterialsthatcouldbereused,resold,salvaged,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-wastetake-backprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.I)Forothercompaniesinterestedinreducingwaste,helpingtheenvironment,andprovidingthesustainablelifestylesthatconsumersseek,herearesomefirststepsforbuildingarelationshipwithcustomersthatfocusesonrecyclingandrestoringvaluetoproducts:J)Findpartners.Ifyouareamanufacturerwhoreliesonoutsidedistributors,thenretailersaretheidealpartnerforcollectingoldproducts.PowertoolmakerDeWaltpartnerswithcompanies,suchasLowesandNapaAutoParts,tocollectoldtoolsattheirstoresforrecycling.Thepartnershipbenefitsbothsidesbyallowingunconventionalpartners(forexample,twocompaniesfromtwodifferentindustries)toworktogetheronaspecificaspectofthevaluechain,like,inthisexample,anenginefirmwithanaccessoryone.K)Createincentives.Environmentalconscientiousnessisn’talwaysenoughtomakecustomersrecycleoldgoods.Forinstance,DeWaltdiscoveredthatmanycontractorswereholdingontotheiroldtools,eveniftheynolongerworked,becausetheywereexpensivepurchasesanditwashardtojustifybringingthemintorecycle.Byofferinginstantdiscountsworthasmuchas$100,DeWaltlaunchedatrade-inprogramtoencouragepeopletobringbacktools.Asaresult,DeWaltnowreusesthosematerialstocreatenewproducts.L)Startwithatrialprogram,andexpecttochangethedetailsasyougo.Anytake-backprogramwilllikelychangeovertime,dependingonwhatworksforyourcustomersandcompanygoals.Maybeyouseelowcustomerparticipationatfirst,orconversely,somuchsuccessthatthecostofrecyclingbecomestoohigh.BestBuy,forinstance,hasbeenbearingthelion’sshareofe-wastevolumesincetwoofitslargestcompetitors,AmazonandWal-mart,donothavetheirownrecyclingprograms.Sincethelaunchofitsprogram,BestBuychangeditspolicytoadda$25feeforrecyclingoldtelevisionsinordertokeeptheprogramgoing.M)Buildacultureofcollectivevalueswithcustomers.Astrongerrelationshipbetweentheretailer/producerandtheconsumerisn’tjustaboutfinancialincentives.Bycreatingmoreawarenessaroundyoureffortstoreducewaste,andbydevelopingacultureofresponsibility,repair,andreuse,youcanbuildcustomerloyaltybasedonsharedvaluesandresponsibilities.N)Theseexamplesarejustthetipoftheiceberg,buttheydemonstratehowhelpingcustomersgetmoreuseoftheirmaterialscantransformvaluechainsandoperations.Reducingwastebyincorporatingusedmaterialsintoproductioncancutcostsanddecreasethepriceofprocurement(采购):lesstobeprocuredfromtheoutsideandmoretobere-utilizedfromtheinside.O)Companiesplayabigroleincreatingacirculareconomy,inwhichvalueisgeneratinglessfromextractingnewresourcesandmorefromgettingbetteruseoutoftheresourceswealreadyhave--buttheymustalsogetcustomersengagedintheprocess.36.Somecompaniesbelievethatproducts’prolongedlifespanbenefitsboththeenvironmentandcustomers.37.Asurveyshowsshopperstodayaregettingmoreconcernedaboutenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwhendecidingwhattobuy.38.Companiescanbuildcustomerloyaltybycreatingapositivecultureofenvironmentalawareness.39.Whencompanieslaunchenvironmentalprograms,theywillhavetheirbrandreputationenhanced.40.Onemultinationalcompanyoffersdiscountstocustomerswhobringinoldfootweartobeusedasfuel.41.Recyclingusedproductscanhelpmanufacturersreduceproductioncosts.42.Electronicproductscontainvaluablemetalsthatcouldberecovered.43.Itseemscommonlybelievedthatcompaniesarenotmotivatedtoprolongtheirproducts’lifespan.44.Itisadvisableforcompaniestopartnerwitheachotherinproductrecycling.45.Somebusinesseshavebeguntorealizeitmaynotbeeffectivetoletconsumerstakefullresponsibilityforrecycling.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists(SAG-AFTRA)hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2015.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set(制作中)safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2015,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysactorsdon’treceiveresiduals(追加酬金)fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sotheactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation—aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million.“It’saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,”saidactorCrispinFreeman,who’samemberoftheunion’snegotiatingcommittee.“Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance(从事自由职业的)performer,whoisn’tregularlyemployedeverysingledayworkingonprojects.”Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry.“Ican’timagineifthere’sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon’tknowwhatshowyou’rein,whenyou’rehired,”saysactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee.“Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,”FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday.“IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf.”ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysactors“representlessthanonetenthof1percentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame.”So“eventhoughthey’rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,”Witlinsays,“ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that’sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies.”46.WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsomevideogamepublishers?A)Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.B)Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.C)Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.D)Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.47.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?A)Ithasreapedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.B)Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.C)Ithasattractedmanyfamousactors.D)Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.48.Whataretheactorsdemanding?A)Moreregularemployment.B)Anon-discriminatorycontract.C)Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues.D)Alimitonthemaximumworkhours.49.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutactors?A)Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.B)Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.C)Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.D)Theyarenotemployedfull-time.50.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?A)actorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.B)Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.C)actorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.D)Payingactorsonanhourlybasisisinlinewiththelaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspacepolicyfocusedonmanagingtheincreasingnumberofsatellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsarelaunchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysoutgeneralguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate(缓解)theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanagetrafficinspace.ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentofCommercetotakeoverthemanagementoftrafficinspace.Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunchedsatellitesdon’tuseradiofrequenciesthatwouldinterferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhensuchnewsatellitescanbelaunched.ThisonlyappliestoAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthatitwillhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawningcommercialspaceflightindustrythroughouttheworld.Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundourplanet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmoregovernmentsandcompanieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicyisthatcompaniesarealreadystartingtobuildmassiveconstellations(星座),comprisinghundredsorthousandsofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamongthem.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimitedareaaroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethechancesofacollision.Twoormoresatellitesslammingintoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-controlbitsthatwouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowingcollectionofsatellitesinspace.Andit’snotlikethishasn’thappenedbefore.In2009anoldRussiancraftslammedintoacommunicationssatellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesofdebrisandputtingotherhardwareatrisk.JournalistSarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout24,000objectsinspace,andin2016theAirForcehadtoissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteownersalertingthemtoapotentialnearbythreatfromanothersatelliteorbitofdebris.That’swhythisnewpolicyalsoincludesdirectionstoupdatethecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices,whichalreadyrequireanyentitythatlaunchesasatelliteorspacecrafttovigorouslyanalyzethelikelihoodthatanyoftheiractions,fromanunexpectedfailureornormaloperations,willcreatemorespacedebris.Itincludesaccountingforanypieceofdebristheyplantoreleaseover5mmtha