外研版八年级英语下册重要知识点归纳

八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesn’tsoundbenoisy.2.Whatadelicioussmell!多么香啊！感叹句结构：①What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whataninterestingbookitis!②What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!③How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！3.I’mafraid+句子:恐怕……I’mafraidhehasnotimetoday.4.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗？Dinnerisdone!晚饭做好了！5.haveatry试一试；尝一尝6.haveasweettooth喜好甜食7.thanksfor=thankyoufor+名词/动词-ing。因……而感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom…=get/receivealetterfrom…收到……的来信9.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事Ican’twaittoseeyou.10.人+spend+时间（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也（置于句末，前加逗号）also也(置于居中be或情态动词之后)aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗号）12.beproudof…以……为豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词/动词-ing？=Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词-ing？你觉得……怎么样？Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?14.beafraidof+名词/动词-ing：害怕….Iamafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.Whatdoessb.looklike?某人长得怎么样（问外表）答：short/tall/young/pretty…Whatissblike?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind..-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-Heistallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has+动词过去分词——(否定)haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经做过…还没有做过…标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在了解该电影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已经完成了作业。（他可以交作业了）Wehaven’thaddinneryet.我们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？（变一般疑问句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛3.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.4.affordsth.买得起某物Ican’taffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.Shecan’taffordtogotoschool.她没钱去上学。5.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事I’mtired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！It’stimeforclassnow.Let’sstoptalking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！6.makeup编写makeupastory编故事makeit/themup(代词要放中间)7.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事8.fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s,作定语）fifteenyearsold十五岁（短语，不能作定语，常作表语）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10.have/hasbeento+某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）have/hasbeenin+某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for+时间段连用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Heisn’therenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom…与…..不同12.findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是….的（it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13.sofar到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）SofarIhavelearnt3，000Englishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒数M31.already已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Hasitarrivedyet？just刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？3.I’mnotsurehowtomakeit.=I’mnotsurehowIcanmakeit.4.That’swhy….那就是……的原因了。5.inorderto+动词原形：为了…Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子：为了…Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis——(现在完成时形式)therehasbeen已经有/存在thereare——(现在完成时形式)therehavebeen已经有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround围绕……转8.noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）：……没有一个（既指人也指物）noone+动词（单）=nobody（仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题）Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.没有一个学生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?–None.一个也没有（强调数量）Nooneknowstheanswer.–Who’sintheclassroom?-Noone.没有人（强调有没有人）9.becalled…被称为……10.asmallpartof……….的一小部分11.communicatewith…与……联系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要语法：1.现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点”、sofar、recently（最近）、inthelast10years（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于howlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与“for+时间段/since+时间点”或howlong问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词（learn,stay,live…），不能为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die…),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：buy–haveborrow----keep/haveleave----beawaydie----bedeadcome/go/reach—beinjointheparty------beintheparty……错误：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用)正确：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(将buy改为延续性动词have2.（问）--Howlong…?多久…..?（答）---For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你这样多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大约三天了。3.catchacold感冒haveafever发烧takeone’stemperature测量某人的体温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto…对…..有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing…通过做….decide（not）todosth.决心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身体状况良好/差ridetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班arriveat/in=getto=reach到达withasmileonone’sface面带笑脸goforarun去跑步feelawful感到不适allover浑身；遍及6.too…to…太……而不能……Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.选择某人去干某事ontheway在路上M51.It’stimeto(动词)dosth.=It’stimefor（名词）sth.该做某事的时候了。It’stimetohaveclass.=It’stimeforclass.playgames.=games.eatdinner.=dinner2.fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人fightwithsb.与某人打架fightfor…为……而战3.flythrough飞越climbup爬上4.Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成为想他那样的人。5.keepdoingsomething不断做某事keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyou’llsucceed（成功）.不断尝试，你就会成功！6.can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldn’thelpcryingwhensheheardthenews.Ican’thelpmissingyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycan’thelpdancingwiththerockmusic.7.over=morethan超过8.wintheheartofsb.赢得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.9.makeaterriblemess弄得一团糟10.expecttodosth.期待做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子(一般过去时)常用于现在完成时）Wehaveknowneachothereversincewewereyoung.12.inthe1980s在二十世纪八十年代in1980在1980年（没有the和s）13.findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard发现现实生活难以理解find+宾格+形容词+todo…=findit+形容词+todo+宾格：发现做…是…的14.aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像……一样好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench.他会说英语，也会说法语。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据就远原则，与aswellas前的主语人称和数一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英语说得想他一样好。15.cometolife复活/恢复生气16.bepopularwithsb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别:时态概念谓语动词形式时间标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作动词原形/三单oftenusuallysometimeseveryday/week…一般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterday…agojustnow,lastweek/year…现在完成时：①已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+过去分词alreadyyetjustnever….②过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。for+时间段、since+时间点，sofar,rencently…M61.takeup①占据（空间/时间）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.②从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下3.abitof+不可数名词=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuice…abitofamess有点乱abit+形容词/副词=alittleabittired/hungry…区别：notabit:一点也不notalittle:很/非常4.must一定（表推测）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值钱。5.as+(形容词/副词)原级+as:像……一样…Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notas…as…不如…..Tomisnotastallashisbrother.6.inone’slife在（某人）一生中7.makesb./sth.+动词原形：使某人/某物做某事Don’tmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.类似：letsb./sth.+动词原形：让某人/某物做某事8.growasaperson长大成人9.some…others…一些……另外一些……10.developone’sinterest培养某人的兴趣11.aswellas=besides除了…..之外，还包括….AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事13.comeout出版；外出；14.asaresult结果asaresultof….由于…….=becauseof……Hedidn’tworkhard,asaresult,hedidn’tpasstheexam.15.beinterestedin+名词/动词-ing:对……感兴趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?16.sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor…为…..做准备=getreadyfor2.makealistof…列……的清单3.get…ready把……准备好4.Itsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒唐。5.Idon’tknowwhattotake.（简单句=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldtake.（复合句）6.attheendof在…..的尽头/结尾7.Is200dollarsenough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.8.hadbetter+动词原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+动词原形：最好不要做某事：You’dbetternotgooutnow.9.bytheway顺便说一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组10.①offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.②offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.11.learnabout了解atthesametime同时bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依赖；取决于14.providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.15.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith…与…..结成亲密的友谊stayintouchwith…和……保持联系taketripsto…到……去旅行atleast至少fillout填写M81.重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。Icanhardlybelieve(that)we’reinthecitycentre.Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesn’tthinktheparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系：①主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（从句为一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.（从句为一般将来时）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（从句为现在完成时）②主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid (that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（从句用一般过去时）He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. （从句用过去将来时）Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.（从句用过去完成时）③特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound.  他说光比声音传播得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客观事实）She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.（客观事实）Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。 I don't think he is going to help you with your English. Wedon’tbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?（前否后肯）3.so…that…如此……以至于……Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat…以便；为了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.4.hearsb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做…….hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做…….Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.5.befamousfor因……而著名befamousas+职业/身份：作为……而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6.allowdoingsth.允许做某事Theydon'tallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that从句：Heallowedthattheywereright.  他承认他们是对的7.It’sbetter(forsb.)todosth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。It’sbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointout指出pointat/to…指着（近物/远物）9.atthetopof在……的顶部moveabout四处走动10.promisetodosth.答应做某事Hepromisedtohelpus.promisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tonypromisednottotalkinclass.promise+that从句:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得开心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖边wakesb.up唤醒某人12.withoutdoing…没有做…..Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.Itisapitythat+从句。真遗憾…..It’sapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14.walkdownthepath顺路而下15.putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子16.thesecondlargest第二大….(the+序数词+最高级：第几最…..)17.fallasleep入睡M91.重要语法：①if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为“是否”，用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直接引语）“Areyouateacher?”heasks.（间接引语）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引语）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（间接引语）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idon’tknowwhetherheisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用whether:⑴在动词不定式之前只能用whetherIdon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒绝）.⑵在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.⑶在介词后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.⑷宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Ican'ttell.⑸用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。②特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany…）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引）“What’syourname?”Mr.Liasksme.（间引）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直引）“Whydidheaskforhelp?”heasked.（间引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Wheredoeshecomefrom?Idon’tknow.（合并句子）Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2.mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事3.takeamessage（forsb.）：（为某人）捎口信4.打电话用语：Who’scalling?=Who’sthatspeaking?你是哪位？Isthat…(speaking)?你是……吗？Thisis…speaking.我是……Could/MayIspeakto…?我可以和…..说话吗？5.haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题6.getseparated分开7.explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑问词+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?explain+宾语从句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.9.feel/besureof….对……有把握10.regrettodosth.遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regret---regretted--regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11.bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心12.introduceAtoB:把A介绍给B（认识）13.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14.haveahardtime过的艰难；遇到麻烦15.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：what所…的where…的地方when…的时间Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.我相信世界就是你所想的那样！ThisiswhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的地方。16.theearlyautumn初秋17.everytime每次；每当18.insilence=silently安静地Allthestudentsarestudyinghardinsilence.19.turnback转身20.withoutaword没有说一句话21.hiddentreasure隐藏的宝藏22.daybyday一天天地23.circleoffriends朋友圈24.withabrightsmile带着灿烂的微笑25.stick—stuck—stuckstick…to...把…粘到…上sticktogether粘在一起26.Smileattheworldanditwillsmileback.对世界微笑；世界就会对你报以微笑。M101.ontheradio广播中2.show/takesb.around…带某人参观…Letmeshowyouaroundourschool.3.comethisway这边走4.beon（电影）上映；（电器）开着5.onair在广播6.avoiddoingsth.避免做某事Youmustavoidmakingthesamemistakenexttime.7.inthebackground在幕后；在后面8.Keepdoingsth.不断做某事9.awfulnews坏消息10.Andthat’stheendofthesixo’clocknews.六点钟新闻广播完毕。11.seem+形容词：Mymomseemsveryhappytoday!（做系动词）seem+不定式：Mymomseemstobeveryhappytoday!Heseemstohaveknowntheansweralready.Itseemsthat+从句：似乎….Itseemsthatitwillrainverysoon.12.inperson=byoneself亲自；本人13.lookdownat…低头看…14.Shouldn’tyouatschool?你不用上学吗？（否定一般疑问句/反问句，表惊讶）15.not…but…不是……而是….Heisnotmybrotherbutmyfather.16.mightbelistening可能在17.doresearch做研究18.lookoutof往……外看19.doasoundcheck做声音测试20.Thiswashowmyfirstrealjobinradiobegan.（表语从句）我第一次在广播电台工作就这样开始的。21.Englishwritingcompetition英语写作比赛22.surprised惊讶的（修饰“人”）surprising令人惊讶的（修饰“物”）Iwasquitesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.短语：besurprisedtodosth.做某事感到惊讶besurprisedatsth.对某事感到惊讶toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的是Tomysurprise,Ipassedtheexam.23.welldone干得好24.closedown关闭对名词或名词短语感叹用what对形容词、副词或动词感叹用how基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）基本结构：主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句（用陈述语序）9