IEEE std 1188-2005

IEEE Std 1188™-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 1188-1996) IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead- Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications I E E E 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 8 February 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Stationary Battery Committee Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Std 1188™-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 1188-1996) IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead- Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications Sponsor Stationary Battery Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 1 February 2006 American National Standards Institute Approved 22 September 2005 IEEE-SA Standards Board The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 8 February 2006. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. Print: ISBN 0-7381-4796-6 SH95370 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-4797-4 SS95370 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Abstract: This recommended practice is limited to maintenance, test schedules, and testing pro- cedures that can be used to optimize the life and performance of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for stationary applications. It also provides guidance to determine when batteries should be replaced. Keywords: battery acceptance test, battery capacity text, battery performance test, battery service test, valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. 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To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. NOTE−Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Introduction Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are playing an ever-increasing role in control and power systems. In many cases, VRLA batteries are being substituted for vented lead-acid batteries. Their use is also expanding into many other applications where their unique characteristics are desirable. Both gelled electrolyte and absorbed electrolyte VRLA designs, covering a range of sizes and capacities, are now available for use in many traditional and nontraditional battery applications. This recommended practice fulfills the need within the industry to provide a common or standard practice for battery maintenance, testing, and replacement of VRLA batteries for stationary applications. Alternative energy applications are not covered. This recommended practice may be used separately, and when combined with IEEE Std 1187TM, IEEE Std 1189TM, and IEEE 485TM, it will provide the user with a general guide to selection, sizing, designing, installing, and testing a VRLA battery installation. 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This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1188-2005, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications. iv Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this recommended practice was completed, the 1188 Working Group, Installation and Maintenance Subcommittee of the Stationary Battery Committee had the following membership: William Cantor, Chair The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Phyllis Archer Curtis Ashton Gary M. Balash Richard T. Bolgeo Thomas Carpenter Jay Chamberlin M. S. (Steve) Clark Bruce Cole Garth P. Corey John K. Coyle Thomas G. Croda Eddie Davis Peter Demar Ramesh Desai David O. Feder Robert Fletcher Timothy Furlong Roger D. Johnson Wayne Johnson José A. Marrero Stephen W. McCluer William McCoy James McDowall Dan McMenamin Bansi Patel Edward Rafter Jan Reber Saba N. Saba Amiya Samanta Robert Schmitt David R. Smith Harold F. Taylor Richard M. Tressler Lesley Varga Allan J. Williamson Walter Wylie James Anderson Curtis Ashton Gary M. Balash William Bartley Jim Belesiu Richard T. Bolgeo William Cantor Jay Chamberlin Garth P. Corey Bart Cotton John K. Coyle Guru Dutt Dhingra Eddie Davis Ramesh Desai David O. Feder Michael Flack Timothy Furlong Trilok Garg Jerry Goerz Jerry Gordon Randall Groves Roger D. Johnson Alan Lamb Daniel Levin José A. Marrero Stephen W. McCluer James McDowall Edward Rafter James Ruggieri Thomas Ruhlmann Amiya Samanta Richard Setchell David R. Smith Kenneth Smith James Stoner Kurt Uhlir Lesley Varga Donald W. Zipse Copy v right © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on September 22, 2005, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Project Editor Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Herman Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman Cop vi yright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Normative references.................................................................................................................................. 2 3. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 2 4. Safety.......................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.2 Protective equipment ........................................................................................................................... 3 4.3 Precautions .......................................................................................................................................... 3 4.4 Procedures ........................................................................................................................................... 4 5. Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................... 4 5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 4 5.2 Inspection ............................................................................................................................................ 4 5.3 Corrective actions ................................................................................................................................ 5 6. Test description and schedule..................................................................................................................... 6 6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 6 6.2 Acceptance .......................................................................................................................................... 6 6.3 Performance......................................................................................................................................... 7 6.4 Service ................................................................................................................................................. 7 7. Procedure for battery tests .......................................................................................................................... 8 7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 8 7.2 Pretest requirements ............................................................................................................................ 8 7.3 Test length and discharge rate ............................................................................................................. 8 7.4 Capacity test methods.......................................................................................................................... 9 7.5 Acceptance and performance tests..................................................................................................... 12 7.6 Service test......................................................................................................................................... 12 7.7 Restoration......................................................................................................................................... 13 7.8 Completion of recharge ..................................................................................................................... 13 8. Battery replacement criteria...................................................................................................................... 13 9. Records..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Annex A (informative) Determining the state of charge .............................................................................. 15 Annex B (informative) Voltages .................................................................................................................. 16 vii Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . Annex C (informative) Corrective actions ................................................................................................... 17 Annex D (informative) Connection detail resistance measurements............................................................ 21 Annex E (informative) Calculation of battery capacity................................................................................ 28 Annex F (informative) Temperature correction factors................................................................................ 32 Annex G (informative) Glossary .................................................................................................................. 34 viii Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications 1. Scope This recommended practice is limited to maintenance, test schedules, and testing procedures that can be used to optimize the life and performance of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for stationary applications. It also provides guidance to determine when batteries should be replaced. The maintenance and testing programs described in this recommended practice represent “the best program” based on the information reviewed at the time this document was developed. The user should evaluate these practices against their operating experience, operating conditions, manufacturer’s recommendations, resources, and needs in developing a maintenance program for a given application. These maintenance and testing recommendations were developed without consideration of economics, availability of testing equipment and personnel, or relative importance of the application. Development of a maintenance and testing program for a specific application requires consideration of all issues, not just the technical issues considered in this document. Stationary cycling applications, such as those found in alternative energy applications, are also beyond the scope of this recommended practice. This recommended practice does not include any other component of the dc system nor surveillance and testing of the dc system, even though the battery is part of that system. Sizing, installation, qualification, selection criteria, and other battery types and applications are also beyond the scope of this recommended practice. 1 Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Std 1188-2005 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this recommended practice. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 485TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications.1, 2 IEEE Std. 1187TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Storage Batteries for Stationary Applications