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Unite1Paraphrasing(1)Thisabilitytotakefamiliarbitsoflanguageandtocombinethemtomakenewwordsandsentencesiswhatsetslanguageapartfromotherwaysthathumanbeingsusetocommunicate.=Becauseoftheexistenceofmorphologicalandsyntacticrules,languageenablestocreatenewwordsandsentencesmakinguseofavailablematerials.Thisisnotpossiblewithotherwaysthatweusetocommunicate,suchastheuseoffacialexpressionsorbodilygestures.(2)Wehavetobewaretheword‘language’.It’softenusedinavividwaytomeananykindofconnectionbetweenpeople.=Wehavetobecautiousabouttheuseof“language”becauseitisoftenusedfiguratively,referingtoanymeansofcommunication(bodylanguage)oreventhebasisofmutualunderstanding(speakingthesamelanguage).(3)Welearnmanyrulesofgrammarinordertoexpressdifferentmeanings,suchaschangingtheorderofwordsinasentence.Butwedon’thaveruleswhichchangetheorderofourfacialexpressionstoexpressdifferentmeanings.=Facialexpressionsaredifferentfromreallanguageinthattherearenogrammaticalrulessuchaswordordertohelpusexpressdifferentmeaningswhenwecommunicatewithfacialexpressions.(4)IfIhavetheability,Icanpaintthem,drawthem,sculptthem,dancethem,composethemintoasymphonyoraballetorapieceofjazz,andexpressmyselfinallthewaysthatarecalled“artsandcrafts”.=“Artsandcrafts”arealsomeansofcommunication.IfIhavetheability,Icanexpressmythoughtsandfeelingsinpainting,drawing,sculpture,danceandmusic.(5)Inoureverydaylivesweproduceandcomprehendlanguagewithsuchapparenteasethatwetakeitforgranted.Yettheeasewithwhichweuselanguagebeliesalevelofcomplexityofimmenseproportions.=Oureverydayuseofournativelanguage,whethertoexpressourselvesortounderstandothers,issoeasythatwehaveneverrealizedthegreatcomplexitybehindthissimplefact.Translation（1）Oncewe’velearnedafewthousandwords,andlearnedthewaysourlanguageallowsustoputthemtogetherintosentences,wecansaythingsthatnobodyhaseversaidbefore.一旦我们掌握了数千个单词和语言所允许的将这些单词组合成句的方法，我们就可以说出别人从未说过的话。（2）Whenpeopleusetheirfacesorhandstoshowtheirfeelings,they’redoingsomethingthatisverydifferentfromwhattheydowhentheyspeak,write,oruseadeafsignlanguage.当人们用脸或手来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达情感的时候，他们所做的是一件与说话、书写或者使用聋人手语很不一样的事情。（3）Languageallowsustotalkaboutourexperienceoftheworldinawaythatnoothermeansofcommunicationcan.语言使我们能够以一种其他交际手段所不能比拟的方式谈论我们对世界的体验。（4）那件鲜红的大衣使她在姑娘们中间显得特别突出。(apartfrom)Herbrightredcoatsether?apart?from?theothergirls.（5）我们的触觉能力也可以演绎出一套语言。(developinto)Ourabilitytotouchcanalsobedevelopedintoalanguage.（6）他以蛮横无理的方式对他的助手们发号施令。Heordershisassistantsaround?in?a?way?thatisveryoffensive.（7）与书面语不同的是，我们在口语中并不是按照段落或章节来组织 思想 教师资格思想品德鉴定表下载浅论红楼梦的主题思想员工思想动态调查问卷论语教育思想学生思想教育讲话稿 的。Unlikewriting,ourthoughtsarenotframedinparagraphsorchaptersinspeech.Unite3Paraphrasing(1)ScollonpointsoutthatAthabaskanIndiansconsideritinappropriatetotalktostrangers,andthatthishasanoddeffectwhenanAthabaskanmeetsanon-Athabaskan,whiteorblack.Onewantstogettoknowtheotherbytalkingandtheotherfeelsitisinappropriatetotalkuntiltheyknoweachother.=AthabaskanIndiansconsiderthatitisinappropriatetotalktopeopletheydonotknow.AccordingtoScollon,thiscausesastrangeeffectwhentheAthabaskanIndiansmeetpeoplefromothercultures.Thenon-AthabaskansmaywanttomakeacquaintancewiththeAthabaskansbytalkingtothem,buttheAthabaskanswillnottalktothenon-Athabaskansbeforetheybecomeacquaintances.(2)Assheputsit,Gonjansaresoawareoftheindirectfunctionofquestionstoimplyunstatedmeaningthat“thepureinformationquestionhasn'tgotachance.”=Gonjanstakeitforgrantedthatquestionsarealwaysaskedtoachieveindirectfunctions,sotheyneveraskquestionsforpureinformation.(3)Thisisthevalueassociatedwith"gettingdowntobrasstacks"and"stickingtofacts"-valuestakenforgrantedinAmericanbusinessandeducation,andperhapsmoregenerallybyAmericanmen.=TheAmericansusuallytakeitforgrantedthatincommunicationpeopleshouldbedirectandsaynomoreorlessthanneeded,andthatwhatpeoplesayisexactlywhattheymean.ThisisespeciallytrueinbusinessandeducationandappliesmoretoAmericanmenthantowomen.(4)Totheextentthatnotwopeoplehaveexactlythesamecommunicativebackground,tothatextent,allcommunicationiscross-cultural,andunderstandingcrossculturalcommunicationisameanstounderstandinglanguageatthesametime,itisalsoameanstounderstandingand,onehopes,improvingproblemsandtasksfacingtheworldandthepeopleinit,includingthetaskofteachingandlearningnewlanguages.=Notwopeoplehavejustthesameculturalbackground.Therefore,allcommunicationiscross-culturaltosomeextent.Inthissense,understandingcross-culturalcommunicationcanhelpusunderstandthenatureoflanguageandtackleproblemsintheworld,especiallythosecausedbyandrelatedtotheuseoflanguage,.obstaclesinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.Translation(1)Justasphysicistsunderstandthenatureofphysicalelementsbyobservingtheirbehaviorinvariousenvironmentsandininteractionwithotherelements,sowecometounderstandthenatureoflanguagebyobservingitincommunicationandincontactwithothersystemsofcommunication.物理学家通过观察物质元素在不同环境中的表现及其与其他物质的相互作用来理解它们的本质。与此相似，我们通过观察交际中的语言以及语言与其他交际符号系统的关联来认识语言的本质。(2)Onewholearnstheexplicitvocabularyandgrammarofanewlanguageislikelytostuffitintotheimplicitparalinguisticanddiscoursecasingsofthenativecommunicativesystem.外语学习者可能会把在一种新的语言中所学的显性的词汇和语法填充到母语交际系统中隐性的语篇框架或副语言外壳里。(3)Associalnetworksarealwayslocal,notglobal,peopleindifferentcommunitieshavedifferentwaysofusinglinguisticmeanstocommunicativeends,andtheirwaysoftalking,likeotherculturalpatterns,definethemasacommunity.社交网络总是区域性而非全球性的，不同社区的人有不同的语言手段来实现交际目标，与其他文化模式一样，人们说话的方式将他们界定为一个“（言语）社区”。(4)你很可能会发现很多人对语言的形式和功能还抱有老一套的看法。Youareverylikelytofindmanypeoplewhohave?stereotypedideasabouttheformsandfunctionsoflanguage.(5)请让我详细地说明我的建议。Pleaseletmeelaborateonmyproposal.(6)失控的通货膨胀加深了工薪阶层的痛苦。Runawayinflationfurtherplaguedthewage-orsalary-earner.(7)这样的笑话容易加重种族偏见。Suchjokestendto?reinforce?racialstereotypes.Unite4Paraphrasing(1)Theyareontheroadtoacquiringthesoundsystemoftheirlanguage.=Theyareintheprocessofacquiringthesoundsystemoftheirlanguage.(2)Sometimearoundthechild’sthirdbirthday,giveortakesixmonths,languagetakesagiantleap,andchildrenstartproducinglongsentenceswithvaryingdegreesofmorphologicalandsyntacticcomplexity.=Sometimearoundthechild’sthirdbirthday,sixmonthsearlierorlater,thereisgreatprogressinchildren’slanguagelearningandchildrenstartproducinglongsentenceswithvaryingdegreesofmorphologicalandsyntacticcomplexity.(3)TheygleanthelinguisticrulesofEnglishfromsentencesspokenbynativespeakers,whohaveacoherentgrammar,notthosespokenbytheirparents,whomightwellhaveanincoherentgrammarinEnglish.=TheycollectandlearnthelinguisticrulesofEnglishfromsentencesspokenbynativespeakers,whohaveacoherentgrammar,notthosesentencesspokenbytheirparents,whomightwellhaveanincoherentgrammarinEnglish.(4)Sometimes,however,thelanguageblossoms.=Sometimes,however,thesecretlanguagebetweenchildrendevelopsverywell.(5)Wearehard-wiredtoprocessandproducenaturalhumanlanguage.=Wearebornwiththenaturalabilitytoprocessandproducenaturalhumanlanguage.(6)WeacquireourspecificnaivelanguageinanaturalwaybysiftingthroughwhatweareexposedtoorwhatwecratewiththeUGprinciplesthatwearebornwith.=Weacquireourspecificnativelanguageinanaturalway,byexaminingcarefullywhatweareexposedtoorwhatwecreatewiththeUGprinciplesthatwearebornwith.Translation(1)Inthesestudiesthechildren'srecognitionofEnglishisindicatedbyincreasedeyeactivityandheartbeat,ratherthanthesmileandbabblingthatRobertproduced,butthestudiesweredownunderlaboratoryconditions,whereasRobertssituationwasasocialone.在这些研究中，儿童可以识别英语的证据是眼睛活动增多、心跳加快，而不是罗伯特做出的那种笑脸和咿呀声，但是这些研究是在实验室环境中做的，而罗伯特所在的是社会自然场景。(2)Isaidslowlyandloudly"MilkYouhavetosay‘milk’"Nicksaidslowlyandloudly“Awamih."That'swhenIfinallygotit.Hewassaying,"Iwantmilk,"awholesentence,notjustasingleword.我缓慢而大声地说：“milk（牛奶），要说milk。”尼克也缓慢而大声地说：“Awamih。”这时我才发现，原来他是在说“Iwantmilk（我要牛奶）”，是一整个句子，而不仅仅是一个词(3)Achildwhospeaksalanguagethathasoperatorsthatfollowtheobjectstheyoperateon(suchasalanguageinwhichtheverbfollowstheobject,givingsomethinglike"bookread"insteadoffreadbook"),forexample,willusetheoppositewordorderfromthatofachildwhospeaksEnglish.比如，如果在一个儿童所说的语言中，操纵者出现在被操纵的物体后面（例如有的语言把动词放在宾语后面，会说“书-读”，而不是“读-书”），那么这个儿童就会使用与说英语的儿童相反的词序。(4)当今科技最大益处之一就是能使我们接触真正的外语。Oneofthegreatbenefitsoftechnologytodayistheabilitytoexposeourselvestorealforeignlanguage.(5)非母语元素为英语带来了一些新元素。Non-nativespeakersofEnglishintroducedsomenewelementsintothelanguage.(6)刚到美国时他对英语只有最基本的了解，但是很快就说得很流利了。HecametoAmericawithonlysomerudimentaryknowledgeofEnglishbutsoonbecameaprettyfluentspeaker.Unite5Paraphrasing(1)Iamnotnecessarilysuggestingthatcross-culturaltrainingmighteventuallybeseentobeinvain-Ibelievethecontrarytobetrue-butIwouldliketoplaydevil'sadvocateforalittlewhileandconsiderhowpowerfulmentalblocksmayhinderourabilitytochangeourattitudesoradoptnewapproaches.=Idonotmeanthatcross-culturaltrainingisuseless—instead,Ibelieveitisuseful—butIjustwanttoemphasizethenegativesideoftheissueforalittlewhileandconsiderhowpowerfulmentalblocksmaypreventusfromchangingourattitudesoradoptingnewapproaches.(2)PeopleintheBritishIslesactandliveinacertainwaybecausetheirthoughtsareChanneledalongAnglo-Saxongrooveswhicharedifferentfromneo-Latin,JapaneseorChinesegrooves.=PeopleintheBritishIslesactandliveinacertainwaybecausetheirthoughtsareaffectedordeterminedbyAnglo-Saxontraditionswhicharedifferentfromneo-Latin,JapaneseorChinesetraditions.(3)Englishcopeswithconceptssuchascontractdeadlinesandstockfutures,butourtongueisseenaspovertystrickenandinadequatelydescriptivebyAfricansandNativeAmericans,whoselanguagesaboundinfinelywrought,beautifullylogicaldescriptionsofnature,causation,repetition,durationandresult.=Englishcopeswithconceptssuchascontractdeadlinesandstockfutures,butEnglishhasmuchfewerrichdescriptiveexpressionsthanAfricanandNativeAmericanlanguages,becausetheselanguageshaveagreatnumberofexpressionsthatcandescribenature,causation,repetition,durationandresultinadetailedandbeautifulway.(4)Theirclinicalvocabularyisconducivetoquickthinking,itslackofvaguenessleadstoacuttingdirectnessandtheirruthlesspursuitoflogicwilloftenirritateAnglo-SaxonsorJapanese,whotendto“feeltheirway”towardasolution.=Theirclinicalwordsarehelpfulforquickthinking,thelackofunclearexpressionsmakestheirexpressionverydirectandtheireffortsonlogicwilloftenmakeAnglo-SaxonsandJapaneseangry,becauseAnglo-SaxonsandJapanesefindtheirsolutionnotbylogicalthinkingbutinamoresubjectiveway.Translation(1)TheBriton,theGermanandtheEskimomayshareacommonexperience,butitappearstoeachasakaleidoscopicfluxofimpressionsthathastobeorganizedbythemind.不列颠人、德国人和因纽特人可能有共同的体验，但是它对每一群人都表现为一组万花筒式的印象，需要通过思维进行组织。(2)Icouldonlyexperiencerealityasfullyashedidbylearninghislanguageandescaping(intermsofdescriptiveability)fromthestraitjacketofmyown.只有学习他的语言并且摆脱我自己的“束身衣”，我才能像他一样充分体验他的现实。(3)Theybelieveditwasaphenomenonsharedbyallmankindand,inthecaseofeducatedpeople,wouldprovideastandardyardstickforcomparisonofideas,experienceandreality.他们相信这是所有人类共有的一种现象，对于受过教育的人群，它可以提供一把 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的尺子，用来比较思想、体验和现实。(4)Wheneachspeaks,wemerelyglimpsethetipofahugeicebergofverbalactivitythatneverbreaksthesurfaceofaudibility.每个人说话时，我们只能瞥见语言活动这座巨大冰山的一角，这座冰山从来没有突破听力的水面。(5)AfurthercomplicationisthedeepsidethatAmericanEnglishhastakenintoclichesand"toughtalk."另一个复杂因素是美式英语深深陷入陈词滥调和“心灵鸡汤”式话语中无法自拔。(6)Butthespeechmechanismsinvolvedinsuchpolitenessoftenleadtoincrediblevaguenessofexpression,sothatwhatevermessagetheyseektoconveymaywellgetlostinafogofimpeccablebehavior.但是，这种礼貌涉及的话语机制往往导致表达极度模糊，因此无论他们想传达的是什么信息，都会迷失在无可挑剔行为造成的迷雾之中。(7)Ontopofthat,theirformidablebatteryofhonorificexpressions-sousefulincommunicationbetweenJapanese-arerendereduselessinthefaceoftheimpossibilityoftranslation,sothattheirconversationwiththeirforeigncounterpartemergesasterriblyplatitudinous,evenifgrammaticallycorrect.最重要的是，他们数量惊人的敬语存货——在日本人之间的沟通中非常有用——由于无法翻译而变得无用，因此他们和外国人的对话尽管语法上是正确的，却显得极其陈腐。Unite6Paraphrasing(1)Thedesiretobeoneselfdoesnotmeanthedesiretobefundamentaldifferentfromeveryoneelsebutrathertosituateindividualdifferenceswithincommunalallegiance.=Evenifyouwanttobeyourself,youdon’thavetobetotallydifferentfromothers.Rather,youshouldfollowthemajoritywhilekeepingyourindividualdifferences.(2)Jeanswereabletobearclass-specificmeaningsoftheAmericanworkethic.=JeanswereabletobeardifferentmeaningsoftheAmericanworkethicfordifferentclasses.(3)...sportallowsthemiddle-classbodytherecognitionofphysicalprowessthatlaborallowstheworkingclass…=Bylaborwork,theworkingclassgainphysicalskills.Themiddleclasscangainthesamephysicalskillsbydoingsports.(4)DespitetheeasyexportabilityoftheWesternmythanditsreadyincorporabilityintothepopularcultureofothernations,italwaysretainsitsAmericanness:ItthusadmitstheforgingoflinksbetweenAmericanvaluesandhepopularconsciousnessofothernationalities=AlthoughtheWesternmythcanbespreadtoothernationseasilyandcanbecomepartofthepopularcultureofthesenations,themythkeepsitsidentityorfeaturesasanAmericanmyth.Thus,linkscanbebuiltbetweenAmericanvaluesandthepopularconsciousnessofothernationalities.(5)Theweareroftornjeansis,afterall,wearingjeansandnot,forinstance,theBuddhist-derivedrobesofthe"orangepeople:Wearingtornjeansisanexampleofthecontradictionsthataresotypicalofpopularculture,wherewhatistoberesistedisnecessarilypresentintheresistancetoit.=Althoughsomepeopleweartornjeanstoexpresstheiroppositiontothemajority,theyarestillwearingjeansratherthanacompletelydifferentkindofclothes.Inotherwords,whentheytrytobedifferent,theyarewearingthesameclothesasothers.Thisshowsatypicalcontradictionofpopularculture–whenpeopleresistsomething,whattheyresistispartoftheirlifeortheyarepartofit.Translation(1)Soamiddle-agedexecutivewearingjeansashemowshislawnonasuburbanSundayis,amongotherthings,aligninghimselfwithyouthfulvigorandactivity(inoppositiontothedistinctlymiddle-agedofficedesk)andwiththemythicdignityoflabor-thebeliefthatphysicallaborisinsomewaymorehonestthanwheelinganddealingisdeeplyimbuedinanationwhosepioneersareonlyafewgenerationsinthepast,andis,significantly,particularlywidespreadamongthewheelersanddealersthemselves.所以，星期天一个中年高级管理层穿着牛仔裤在郊区修剪自家的草坪，这时在他让自己所匹配的各种价值中，有青春的精力和活力（相对于显然属于中年的办公室案头工作），还有体力劳动的神秘尊严——在这个从开疆拓土到现在只经过几代人的民族中，体力劳动在一定意义上比投机钻营更加诚实可贵，这种信念仍然根深蒂固，而且更重要的是，投机钻营者本人尤其普遍具有这种信念。(2)Thelackofsocialdifferentiationinjeansgivesonethefreedomto"beoneself"(and,Isuppose,inabnormalcases,tohideoneself),which,ofcourse,pointstoatellingparadoxthatthedesiretobeoneselfleadsonetowearthesamegarmentaseveryoneelse,whichisonlyaconcreteinstanceoftheparadoxdeeplystructuredintoAmerican(andWestern)ideologythatthemostwidelyheldcommunalvalueisthatofindividualism.牛仔裤没有社会差异，给了人们自由可以“做自己”（而且我觉得在异常情况下还可以“隐藏自己”），这当然就指出了一个很深刻的悖论：一个人想做自己，结果却穿了和其他所有人一样的衣服，这只是深深植根于美国（以及西方）意识形态中的悖论的一个具体表现，这种意识形态就是：最普遍认可的共同价值就是个人主义。(3)SoinMoscow,forexample,theycanbemadesenseofbytheauthoritiesasbearersofWesterndecadence,andtheycanbewornbytheyoungasanactofdefiance,asasignoftheiroppositiontosocialconformity-asetofmeaningsquitedifferentfromthoseofcontemporaryAmericanyouth,thoughmoreconsonantwiththoseofthe1960s,whenjeanscouldcarrymuchmoreoppositionalmeaningsthantheydotoday.比如，在莫斯科它们会被当局解读为西方颓废精神的载体，而年轻人穿着它们当作一种反抗行为，一种反对社会从众性的 标志 禁止坐卧标志下载饮用水保护区标志下载桥隧标志图下载上坡路安全标志下载地理标志专用标志下载 ——这些意义和当代美国年轻人的理解相去甚远，反而和1960年代的理解更加契合，那时牛仔裤承载了比当今更多的反抗意味。(4)让我们暂且抛开性别差异，关注一下整个群体的成绩。Let’sdismissthegenderdifferencesandfocusontheachievementsofthewholegroup.(5)很多 政策 公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论形成性考核册答案2018本科2018公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论作业1答案公共政策概论形成考核册答案 看似与性别平等没什么关联，但是其实会受到男女之间关系的间接影响。Manypoliciesthatappeartohavelittletodowithgenderequalityareactuallyaffectedinanindirectwaybyrelationshipsbetweenwomenandmen.(6)表面看来，这一发现似乎推翻了整个理论，但是其实只是提供了另一种方法。Onthesurface,thisfindingseemstoinvalidatethewholetheory,butitactuallyonlyprovidesanalternativeapproach.Unite7Paraphrasing(1)Thereisneitherdefiancenorhypocrisyinthesmile;norisittobeconfoundedwiththesmileofsicklyresignationwhichweareapttoassociatewithweaknessofcharacter.Whentheysmile,theydonotexpressanychallengeoruntruthfulness,andweshouldnotmisunderstandtheirsmileasobedience,whichisasymbolofweaknessofcharacter.(2)ButanyefforttointerpretitaccordingtoWesternnotionsofphysiognomicalexpressionwouldbejustaboutassuccessfulasanattempttointerpretChineseideographsbytheirrealorfanciedresemblancetoshapesoffamiliarthings.=ItisimpossibletointerpretChineseideographybytheirsimilaritytoshapesoffamiliarthings.Similarly,itisimpossibletointerpretJapaneseemotionlessnessaccordingtoWesternideasofhumanfacialexpression.(3)Westernershavealsoinferredthelackofvarietyandintensityinexpressivebehaviortobeindicativeofalackofsubjectiveemotionalexperience.=Westernershavealsounderstoodthelackofvariousandstrongexpressivebehaviorsasasignofalackofsubjectiveemotionallife.(4)WheninterpretedthroughWesterneyesandculturalfilters,thisviewhasalsoledtonegativeattitudesandvaluecharacterizationsoftheJapanese,thattheyarelessemotional,valuefeelingsless,andarelesstrustworthy,sincere,andappropriate.=WhenweinterpretthisviewfromtheperspectiveofWesternpeopleandcultures,wemaygetnegativeattitudesandvaluecharacterizationsoftheJapanese,thatis,theyarelessemotional,valuefeelingsless,andarelesstrustworthy,sincere,andappropriate.(5)Anger,jealousy,frustration,andscorncaneasilydrivewedgesbetweenpeople,disruptinggroupharmonyandcohesion.=Anger,jealousy,frustrationandscorncaneasilyleadtoagapbetweenpeopleanddoesharmtogroupharmonyandcohesion.Translation(1)Hearn,likesomanypeoplebeforeandafterhim,sawtheJapaneseashumble,perseveringpeoplewho,inthefaceofdanger,threat,grief,andotherdishearteningemotions,managetomaintainasenseofdignityaboutthemselvesastheysmile.我曾在第一章提到，赫恩和很多前人及后来者一样，将日本人视为一个谦逊坚忍的民族，他们在危险、威胁、悲伤和其他负面情绪面前可以保持微笑，维持一种自我尊严感。(2)ThattheJapanesestudentssmileddespitewhatmusthavebeenquiteintense,negativefeelingsissimilartowhatHearnwroteinGlimpsesofUnfamiliarJapan.日本学生面对肯定极为强烈的负面情绪时仍然保持微笑，这一现象和赫恩《陌生日本之我见》中的描述很像。(3)TheproblemiscompoundedbythefactthatmanyJapanesethemselvescontributetothisstereotypicattributionbyclaimingthattheyalwayssuppresstheirtruefeelings.有一种现象让这一问题更加复杂，即很多日本人本身也声称自己总是压抑自我的真实情绪，从而加深了这一刻板印象。(4)他广泛阅读经典并成为一名成就卓着的语言学家。Hereadextensivelyintheclassicsandbecameanaccomplishedlinguist.(5)很难将此项研究的结果推广至其他情况或人群。Itisdifficulttogeneralizetheresultsofastudytoothersituationsandtootherpeople.(6)教育者应该确保所有学生，无论什么性别、社会经济和文化背景，都享有平等的机会。Educatorsshouldensureequalopportunitiesforallpupils,regardlessofgender,orsocio-economicandculturalbackground.