mba英语考试英译汉模拟练习21-40[系统班]

mba英语考试英译汉模拟练习21-40[系统班] 上海泰琪MBA英语考试汉译英模拟试题五 Section ? Translation (20 points) Direction: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Working at nonstandard times,evenings, nights, or weekends,is taking its toll on American families. [1]One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades. The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. [2] Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts. Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. [3] School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers. [4] Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours,sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. [5] Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says. 上海泰琪MBA英语考试汉译英模拟试题六 Section ? Translation (20 points) Direction: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Most human beings actual1y decide before they think. [1] When any human being, executive, specialized expert, or person in the street,encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. [2] Very few people, no matter how inte1ligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themse1ves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. [3] A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing” faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts.” The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. [4] By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it’s possible to organize the experts’ information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. [5]This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions. 上海泰琪MBA英语考试汉译英模拟试题七 Section ? Translation (20 points) Direction: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. [1]The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. [2] It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer’s stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. [3] And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded programmer has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound ,whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on. [4] Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audiences. [5] The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken [take] over television? 上海泰琪MBA英语考试汉译英模拟试题八 Section ? Translation (20 points) Direction: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. [1]The communion (共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. [2]The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150 000 years could be destroyed. Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. [3] The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. [4]One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t a paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cook anymore, so they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies,golf, yachting,not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s new book, “Trading Up”, look at mid-range consumers’ willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cook pots, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theater” trend in home goods. They cost from $1000 to $9000.Some 75% of them are never used. Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food. Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to-eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better-for-you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat. [5]The three Harvard economists in their paper “why have Americans become more obese?” point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy, a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy,which discouraged consumption of that sort of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?