经济学计算题

叮叮小文库5.Belowaresomedatafromthelandofmilkandhoney.PriceofQuantityofPriceofQuantityofYearMilkMilkHoneyHoney200$1100quarts$250quarts2009$1200$21002010$2200$4100a.ComputenominalGDP,realGDP,andtheGDPdeflatorforeachyear,using2008asthebaseyear.b.ComputethepercentagechangeinnominalGDP,realGDP,andtheGDPdeflatorin2009and2010fromtheprecedingyear.Foreachyear,identifythevariablethatdoesnotchange.Explaininwordswhyyouranswermakessense.c.Dideconomicwell-beingrisemorein2009or2010?Explain.8.Afarmergrowswheat,whichhesellstoamillerfor$100.Themillerturnsthewheatintoflour,whichhesellstoabakerfor$150.Thebakerturnsthewheatintobread,whichhesellstoconsumersfor$180.Consumerseatthebread.a.WhatisGDPinthiseconomy?Explain.b.Valueaddedisdefinedasthevalueofaproducer’soutputminusthevalueoftheintermediategoodsthattheproducerbuystomaketheoutput.Assumingtherearenointermediategoodsbeyondthosedescribedabove,calculatethevalueaddedofeachofthethreeproducers.c.Whatistotalvalueaddedofthethreeproducersinthiseconomy?Howdoesitcomparetotheeconomy’sGDP?DoesthisexamplesuggestanotherwayofcalculatingGDP?3.Supposethatpeopleconsumeonlythreegoods,asshowninthistable:BottleofTennisBallsGolfBallsGatorade2009price$2$4$12009quantity1001002002010price$2$6$22010quantity100100200a.Whatisthepercentagechangeinthepriceofeachofthethreegoods?b.Usingamethodsimilartotheconsumerpriceindex,computethepercentagechangeintheoverallpricelevel.c.IfyouweretolearnthatabottleofGatoradeincreasedinsizefrom2009to2010,shouldthatinformationaffectyourcalculationoftheinflationrate?Ifso,how?d.IfyouweretolearnthatGatoradeintroducednewflavorsin2010,shouldthatinformationaffectyourcalculationoftheinflationrate?Ifso,how?7.TheNewYorkTimescost$0.15in1970and$0.7in2000.Theaveragewageinmanufacturingwas$3.23perhourin1970and$14.32in2000.a.Bywhatpercentagedidthepriceofanews-paperrise?b.Bywhatpercentagedidthewagerise?c.Ineachyear,howmanyminutesdoesaworkerhavetoworktoearnenoughtobuyanewspaper?d.Didworkers’purchasingpowerintermsofnewspapersriseorfall?1.Mostcountries,includingtheUnitedStates,importsubstantialamountsofgoodsandser-vicesfromothercountries.Yetthechaptersaysthatanationcanenjoyahighstandardoflivingonlyifitcanproducealargequantityofgoodsandservicesitself.Canyoureconcilethesetwofacts?4.Whatistheopportunitycostofinvestingincap-ital?Doyouthinkacountrycan“overinvest”incapital?Whatistheopportunitycostofinvest-inginhumancapital?Doyouthinkacountrycan“overinvest”inhumancapital?Explain.6.SupposeGDPis$8trillion,taxesare$1.5trillionprivatesavingis$0.5trillion,andpublicsavingis$0.2trillion.Assumingthiseconomyisclosed,calculateconsumption,governmentpurchases,nationalsaving,andinvestment.8.SupposethatIntelisconsideringbuildinganewchip-makingfactory.a.AssumingthatIntelneedstoborrowmoneyinthebondmarket,whywouldanincreaseininterestratesaffectIntel’sdecisionaboutwhethertobuildthefactory?b.IfIntelhasenoughofitsownfundstofinancethenewfactorywithoutborrowing,wouldanincreaseininterestratesstillaffectIntel’sdecisionaboutwhethertobuildthefactory?Explain.3.AsshowninFigure3,theoveralllabor-forceparticipationrateofmendeclinedbetween1970and2000.Atthesametime,thelabor-forceparticipationrateofwomenincreasedsharply.Thisoveralldeclinereflectsdifferentpatternsfordifferentagegroups,however,asshowninthefollowingtables.MenMenMenAllMen16–2425–5455andolder197080%69%96%56%200075699240WomenWomenWomenAllWomen16–2425–5455andold197043%51%50%25%200060637726Giventhisinformation,whatfactordoyouthinkplayedthekeyroleinthedeclineinmalelabor-forceparticipationoverthisperiod?Whatdoyouthinkexplainstheincreaseinlabor-forceparticipationforwomen?4.Between2004and2007,totalU.S.employmentincreasedby6.8millionworkers,butthenum-berofunemployedworkersdeclinedbyonly1.1million.Howarethesenumbersconsistentwitheachother?Whymightoneexpectareductioninthenumberofpeoplecountedasunemployedtobesmallerthantheincreaseinthenumberofpeopleemployed?5.BeleagueredStateBank(BSB)holds$250millionindepositsandmaintainsareserveratioof10percent.a.ShowaT-accountforBSB.b.NowsupposethatBSB’slargestdeposi-torwithdraws$10millionincashfromheraccount.IfBSBdecidestorestoreitsreserveratiobyreducingtheamountofloansout-standing,showitsnewT-account.c.ExplainwhateffectBSB’sactionwillhaveonotherbanks.d.WhymightitbedifficultforBSBtotaketheactiondescribedinpart(b)?DiscussanotherwayforBSBtoreturntoitsoriginalreserveratio.9.SupposethattheT-accountforFirstNationalBankisasfollows:AssetsLiabilitiesReserves$100,000Deposits$500,000Loans400,000a.IftheFedrequiresbankstohold5percentofdepositsasreserves,howmuchinexcessreservesdoesFirstNationalnowhold?b.Assumethatallotherbanksholdonlytherequiredamountofreserves.IfFirstNationdecidestoreduceitsreservestoonlytherequiredamount,byhowmuchwouldtheeconomy’smoneysupplyincrease?PAGE3-