高中英语单词词性转换的基本规律及练习

英语单词词性转换的基本规律动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work,study,water,plant等可以用作动词,也可以用作名词(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词work—_________teach—_________sing—_________jump—_________play—_________learn—_________visit—_________invent—_________collect—_________PS:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.drive—_________write—_________2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-errun—_________win—_________begin—_________(c)在动词词尾加上-ment变成名词achieve—_________advertise—________agree—_________disagree—_________amuse—_________improve—_________commit(奉献)—_________develop—_________depart—_________govern(统治)—_________manage—_________equip—_________有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.argue—_________(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词attract—_________instruct—_________invent—_________discuss—_________express—_________educate—_________graduate—_________operate—_________(去e再加"ion")compete—_________organize—_________(把e改成其他字母再加"tion")decide—_________conclude—_________(把de改为s再加"ion")describe—_________描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词appear—_________(外貌;出现)perform—_________(演出)accept—_________(接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)meet—_________build—_________wait—_________bathe—_________say—_________(谚语)mean—_________end—_________train—_________wash—_________PS:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ingswim—_________shop—_________begin—_________(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化Beg(乞讨)—_________(乞丐)behave(行为举止)—_________know(知道)—_________(知识)fly—_________(飞行)heat(加热)—_________(热量)mix(混合)—_________(混合物)press(按,压)—_________(压力)sit(坐)—_________(座位)succeed—_________(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)hit(撞击)—hit(轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质、特点或属性.afford－_________love－_________(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.scatter－_________use－_________（注意下，这个就是我们所讲的非谓语动词作定语的情况）(c)后面加ing，run－running，die－dying，变为现在分词形式，有的去e加ing，有的双写加ing，有的改为y加ing，规律同现在分词，表示有正在主动的进行的属性或特点。3.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)rain—_________cloud—_________wind—_________snow—_________health—_________luck—_________anger—_________guilt—_________内疚的)salt(盐)—_________(咸的)sleep—_________(昏昏欲睡的)PS:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".sun—sunny,fun—funny,fog—foggy(有雾的),fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".noise—noisy,ice—icy,shine—shiny(发亮的),taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的);talent—talented(有天赋的)organize—organized有组织的;balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,meaning—meaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词difference—different,silence—silent,confidence—confident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词friend—friendly,love—lovely,live---lively(g)在名词后加-ous变为形容词danger—dangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词music—musical;medicine—medical(这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".adjust—adjustable可调整的value—valuable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词wood—wooden木制的wool—woolen羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese,-ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,America—American,India—Indian,Australia—Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)4.形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.)▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等但是,以下几点值得注意：(a)一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-lyhappy—happily,angry—angrily,lucky—luckily,heavy—heavily,noisy—noisily(b)有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-ypossible—possibly,terrible—terribly(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-lytrue—truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-lypolite—politely,wide—widely(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.usual—usually,careful—carefully,useful—usefullyfull—fully(以-ll结尾的才只加y)按要求写出单词相应形式。1.achievevt._____________(n.)6.preparationn.___________(v.)2.embarrassedadj.___________(v.)7.requirevt.______________(n.)3.immediatelyadv.__________(adj.)8.scaryadj._______________(v.)4.developvt._____________(n.)9.naturen._______________(adj.)5.informvt.______________(n.)10.pleasev._______________(n.)11.puzzlev.__________(adj.)__________(adj.)12.frightenv.________(n.)_________(adj.)________(adj.)13.strengthn._________(adj.)_________(v.)14.creaturen._______(v.)________(adj.)_________(n.)15.convincingadj.________(v.)__________(adj.)16.murdern.&v._________(adj.)________(人)17.explainv.___________(n.)18.possibleadj.___________(n.)_________(反)___________（反n.）19.evidencen.___________(adj.)20.disappointv.____________(n.)___________(adj.)____________(adj.)用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Weareall____________aboutourchildren’shealth.AsfarasIam____________，lackofenoughsleep____________thehealthygrowthofthechildrendeeply.(concern)2.Afterhecameto____________，everyonesaidhewasa____________leader，butnowhefeltso____________thatheevencan’tsavehisdaughter.(power)3.____________，shetooknonoticeofthe____________mistakesintheaccident.(apparent)4.Allthe____________can____________inpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheir____________beforeMay5th.(apply)5.Yesterdayheroldmother____________meforherdaughter.ThatmeansIwas__________forherdaughter.Infactsheoftenmakesthesame__________.(mistake)6.Hisfamily’swealthis_________intofourparts，buttheydon’tthinkthe__________isfair.(divide)7.Sheusedtosufferfrom____________butnowsheis____________herselftotrytoloseweight.(starve)8.I_________rememberthepicturehedrewlastweekwhosecolorswere__________.(vivid)9.Thedesksandchairsare____________，andyoucan_____________themtotheheightofthestudents.The____________isnotdifficulttomake.(adjust)10.Theschool­buswas____________tothembyamotorcompanyandtheyreceived____________fromothercompaniesaswell.(donate)11.Wehada______mealtogetherlastSunday.Alltheguestsarevery______.(satisfy)12.Iwassleepingsoundlyintheearlymorningwhenatelephone_______meawake.Iwaseven______tohearthe______newsthatanotherbombinghadhitLondon.(alarm)What______thewomenmostwasthatwhentheyweretalkingaboutthe_______newaboutthegirl,shebecameso_______thatsheranawayassoonassheheardthis.(embarrass)14.Thenewly-electedpresident_______hissupportfortheterrorists.Hemustberesponsibleforhis______.(declare)15.He______tohisfriendswhyhewaslatebutnoneofthemthoughthis_______believable.(explain)Summary:Homework:A:名词后加“y”变成形容词并写出中文意思。sun---_________()wind---__________()cloud---__________()rain---__________()snow---__________()fun---__________()health---__________()noise---__________()salt---__________()tourist---__________()fur---__________()luck---__________()sleep---__________()sand---__________()B:名词后加“-full”“-less”变成形容词并写出中文意思。care---__________()__________()use---__________()__________()colour---__________()__________()help---__________()__________()hope---__________()__________()harm---__________()__________()success---__________()wonder---__________()peace---__________()play---__________()sleep---__________()home---__________()C:名词后加“-ern”变成形容词并写出中文意思。east---__________()west---__________()south---__________()north---__________()D:名词后加“-al”变成形容词并写出中文意思。person---__________()education---__________()tradition---__________()medicine---__________()music---__________()E:名词后加“-ed”变成形容词并写出中文意思。talent---___________()balance---___________()F:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词并写出中文意思。friend---___________()love---___________()G:名词后加“--ous”变成形容词并写出中文意思。danger---___________()mystery---___________()H:名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool---___________()wood---___________()I:名词转化为形容词的不规则变化并写出中文意思。energy---___________()athlete---___________()hunger---___________()pride---___________()death---___________()science---___________()knowledge---___________()anger---___________()Africa---___________()America---___________()Asia---___________()Australia---___________()Brazil---___________()Canada---___________()China---___________()England---___________()France---___________()India---___________()Italy---___________()Japan---___________()Russia---___________()Swede---___________()动词变名词work---___________(工作者)sing---___________(歌手)teach---___________(教师)drive---___________(司机)write---___________(作家)dance---___________(舞蹈家)win---___________(获胜者)run---___________(赛跑者)swim---___________(游泳者)act---___________(演员)collect---___________(收藏家)direct---___________(主管)visit---___________(参观者)invent---___________(发明家)translate---___________(翻译家)educate---___________(教育)describe---___________(描述)predit---___________(预言)collect---___________(收藏)invent---___________(发明)build---___________(建筑物)mean---___________(意思)meet---___________(会议)cross---___________(路口)turn---___________(转弯处)decide---___________(决定)die---___________(死亡)fly---___________(飞行)know---___________(知识)please---___________(高兴)pronounce---___________(发音)mix---___________(混合物)please---___________(令人高兴的)---___________(感到高兴的)surprise---___________(令人惊讶的的)---___________(感到惊讶的)excite---___________(令人兴奋的)---___________(感到兴奋的)interest---___________(令人感兴趣的)---___________(感兴趣的)worry---___________(令人担忧的)---___________(感到担忧的)amaze,annoy,bore,disappoint,embarrass,frustrate,relax,terrify,thrill,tire等形容词的变化。A:形容词变副词并写出中文意思。quick---____________()strong---____________()heavy---____________()angry---____________()happy---____________()lucky---____________()healthy---____________()noisy---____________()usual---____________()careful---____________()real---____________()successful---____________()terrible---____________()possible---____________()B:形容词变名词并写出中文意思。kind---____________()happy---____________()ill---____________()safe---____________()confident---____________()important---____________()different---____________()true---____________()high---____________()