2019英语专四真题

1QUESTIONBOOKLETTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2019)-GRADEFOUR-TIMELIMIT:130MINPARTIDICTATION[10MIN]Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassage,exceptthefirstsentence,willbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsoffifteenseconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.YouwillthenbegivenONEminutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.WriteonANSWERSHEETONE.Thefirstsentenceofthepassageisalreadyprovided.Now,listentothepassage.PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONATALKInthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatthetaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesurewhatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocheckyourwork.2SECTIONBCONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentotheconversations.ConversationOneQuestions1to5arebasedonConversationOne.1.A.Writer.B.Wells.C.WriterWells.D.SusanWriterWells.2.A.Shewasacareerwoman.B.Shewasthenafeminist.C.Shedidn’tlikehermaidenname.D.Shetookherhusband’ssurname.3.A.Shenamedherselfafterherprofession.B.Shenamedherselfafterherhometown.C.Shenamedherselfafteradayoftheweek.D.Shenamedherselfafterthesculptor.4.A.Itgiveswomengreaterequality.B.Itisagoodsolutiontoanoldproblem.C.TheproblemtroublingfeministsstillremainsD.Thesurnameproblemhaspartlybeensolved.5.A.HistoryofsurnamesinAmerica.B.Feministmovementinthe1960s.C.TraditionalsurnamesinEurope.D.Reasonsforinventingsurnames.3ConversationTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo.6.A.Areporterfromaweeklyprogram.B.Anexecutivedirectorfromacompany.C.Aguestonaweeklyprogram.D.AmagazineeditorfromSanDiego.7.A.Topreparealistofthingsthatyouhavedone.B.Toletyourbossknowthatyouwantapayrise.C.Toleteverybodyknowyourachievement.D.Toshamelesslypromoteyourselftoyourselftoyourboss.8.A.Becausethebosshasthedataonyourwork.B.Becauseyouwillbegivenmoreworktodo.C.Becauseitisunprofessionaltodoso.D.Becauseothersmaylosetrustinyou.9.A.Wecouldearnpraisefromourboss.B.Wemayforgetthegoodthingswe’vedone.C.Thingschangequicklyinworksituations.D.Thebosswillreviewourperformancedata.10.A.Websites.B.Radioprograms.C.Researchreports.D.Governmentdocuments.4PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE[10MIN]Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswerthequestion.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.11.Movingfrombeginningtoendbyorderoftime,narrationreliesonamorenaturalpatternoforganizationthan________.A.willothertypesofwritingB.doothertypesofwritingC.onothertypesofwritingD.othertypesofwriting12.________theattemptedrescuemission,thehostagesmightstillbealive.A.IfitnothadbeenforB.IfhaditnotbeenforC.HaditnotbeenforD.Hadnotitbeenfor13.MembersoftheParliamentwerepoised________aheadwithabilltoapproveconstructionoftheoilpipeline.A.tomoveB.movingC.tomovingD.atmoving14.Writersoftencouplednarrationwithothertechniquestodevelopideasandsupportopinionsthatotherwise________abstract,unclear,orunconvincing.A.mayremainB.couldremainC.musthaveremainedD.mighthaveremained15.Protocolwas________enabledhimtomakedifficultdecisionswithouteverlookingback.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that516.Thewomanhadpersuadedhimtodo________hewashirednevertodo—revealthecombinationforthelockontheentrance.A.onethingB.suchonethingC.anyonethingD.theonething17.Thebadnewswasthathecouldbeaverydangerousperson________hechoosetobe.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must18.“Itnotus,who?Ifnotnow,when?”Thesetwoquestionsareusedasa________.A.signofangerB.callforcationC.refusaltochangeD.denialofcommitment19.Whatisthefunctionofthepresentprogressivein“Theyarealwayscallingmebythewrongname”?A.Toexpressunfavorablefeelings.B.Toalleviateunnecessaryhostility.C.Toindicateuncertainty.D.Todramatizeafact.20.“HarrywascompelledtoresignandtocomedowntoLondon,wherehesetupasanarmycoach.”Therelativeclauseinthesentenceservesto________.A.supplyadditionalinformationaboutLondonB.describetheantecedent“London”C.putrestrictionontheidentityofHarryD.narrateasequentialactiontakenbyHarry21.Agroup________casinoshasurgedofficialsnottograntalicensetoafacilityinthecity.A.opposedtoB.objectedtoC.posedagainstD.protestedagainst622.Afterthewar,heworkedonanislandinthePacific,helpingthenativesandmedical________understandeachother’sbehaviorandcultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel23.Thesubjectofmannersiscomplex.Ifitwerenot,therewouldnotbesomany________feelingsandsomuchmisunderstandingsininternationalcommunication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury24.ToillustratethelimitsofFirstAmendmentfreespeech,manyhavenotedthatthe________Constitutiondoesnotgiveyoutherighttofalsely________“Fire!”inacrowdedtheater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield25.Thecompanyannouncedthatithasachieveditsmissiontocreatealocalfoodeconomythatis________toanyenvironment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable26.AlthoughPattersonacknowledgesthedisappointingseasonhehadwiththeVikings,hehasnosecond________abouthowhewentabouthisbusiness.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons27.Electroniccigarettesshouldbesubject________thesametaxesandlimitationsonpublicuseastraditionaltobaccoproducts.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on728.FCBarcelona,________themosticonicclubinworldsoccer,beatManchesterUnited2-0toclaimtheUEFAChampionsLeaguetitle.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally29.Thestoresellsliquidvitamins________designedforchildrenunder3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically30.Thethreelaw________officersontheplanecametotherescueofafellowpassengerwhowasallegedlytryingtokillherself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercion8PARTIVCLOZE[10MIN]Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEETTWO.Tosomethinkers,itismachinesandtheirdevelopmentthatdriveeconomicandculturalchange.Thisideaisreferredtoastechnologicaldeterminism.CertainlytherecanbenodoubtthatmachinescontributedtotheProtestantReformationandthedeclineoftheCatholicChurch’spowerinEurope________(31)televisionhaschangedthewayfamilymembersinteract.Thosewhobelieveintechnologicaldeterminismwouldarguethatthesechangesintheculturallandscapewerethe________(32)resultofnewtechnology.Butothersseetechnologyasmoreneutralandclaimthatthewaypeopleusetechnologyiswhatgivesitsignificance.This_________(33)acceptstechnologyasoneofmanyfactorsthatshapeeconomicandculturalchange;technology’sinfluenceis________(34)determinedbyhowmuchpoweritisgivenbythepeopleandculturesthatuseit.This________(35)aboutthepoweroftechnologyisattheheartofthecontroversysurroundingthenewcommunicationtechnologies.Arewemoreorlesspowerlessinthe________(36)ofadvancessuchastheInternet,theWorldWideWeb,andinstantglobalaudioandvisualcommunication?Ifweareatthemercyoftechnology,theculturethatsurroundsuswillnotbeofour________(37)andthebestwecanhopetodoismakeourwayreasonablywellinaworldoutsideourowncontrol.Butifthesetechnologiesareindeedneutralandtheirpower________(38)inhowwechoosetousethem,wecanutilizethemresponsiblyand________(39)toconstructandmaintainwhateverkindofculturewewant.AsfilmdirectorandtechnophileSteveSpielbergexplained,“Technologycanbeourbestfriend,andtechnologycanalsobethebiggestpartypooperofourlives.Itinterruptsourownstory,interruptsourabilitytohaveathoughtor________(40),toimaginesomethingwonderful.”A.daydreamB.disagreementC.factuallyD.ifE.inevitableF.inseparableG.laysH.makingI.perspectiveJ.residesK.thatL.thinkingM.thoughtfullyN.ultimatelyO.wake9PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[35MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)LifecanbetoughforimmigrantsinAmerica.AsaRomanianbankclerkinAtlantaputsit,tofindagoodjob“youhavetobelikeawolfintheforest—abletosmelloutthebestmeat.”Andifyoucan’tfindwork,don’texpectthetaxpayertobailyouout.UnlikeinsomeEuropeancountries,itisextremelyhardforanable-bodiedimmigranttoliveoffthestate.Alawpassedin1996explicitlybarsmostimmigrants,eventhosewithlegalstatus,fromreceivingalmostanyfederalbenefits.(2)ThatisonereasonwhyAmericaabsorbsimmigrantsbetterthanmanyotherrichcountries,accordingtoanewstudybytheUniversityofCalifornia.Theresearcherssoughttomeasuretheeffectofimmigrationonthenative-bornin20richcountries,takingintoaccountdifferencesinskillsbetweenimmigrantsandnatives,imperfectlabormarketsandthesizeofthewelfarestateineachcountry.(3)Theirresultsofferammunitionforfansofmoreopenborders.In19outof20countries,theauthorscalculatedthatshuttingthedoorsentirelytoforeignworkerswouldmakethenative-bornworseoff.Nevermindwhatitwoulddototheimmigrantsthemselves,whobenefitfarmorethananyoneelsefrombeingallowedtocrossborderstofindwork.(4)Thestudyalsosuggeststhatmostcountriescouldhandlemoreimmigrationthantheycurrentlyallow.InAmerica,aone-percentagepointincreaseintheproportionofimmigrantsinthepopulationmadethenative-born0.05%betteroff.Theoppositewastrueinsomecountrieswithgenerousorill-designedwelfarestates,however.Aone-pointriseinimmigrationmadethenative-bornslightlyworseoffinAustria,Belgium,Germany,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,SwedenandSwitzerland.InBelgium,immigrantswholosejobscanreceivealmosttwo-thirdsoftheirmostrecentwageinstatebenefits,whichmustmakethehuntforanewjoblessurgent.(5)Noneoftheseeffectswaslarge,butthestudyunderminestheclaimthatimmigrantsstealjobsfromnativesordragdowntheirwages.ManyimmigrantstakejobsthatAmericansdonotwant,thestudyfinds.This“smooths”thelabormarketandultimatelycreatesmorejobsforlocals.Native-ownedgrocerystoresdobetterbusinessbecausethereareimmigrantstopickthefruittheysell.IndiancomputerscientistshelpAmericansoftwarefirmsexpand.Apreviousstudyfoundthatbecauseimmigrantstypicallyearnlessthanlocalswithsimilarskills,theyboostcorporateprofits,promptingcompaniestogrowandhiremorelocals.1041.IncreaseinimmigrationinAustriafailstoimprovelocals’lifemainlybecauseof________.A.inadequateskillsofimmigrantsB.imperfectlabormarketsC.lowwagesforlocalsD.thedesignofthewelfaresystem42.WhowillfavorthestudyresultsbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia?A.Peoplewhohavelegalstatus.B.Peoplewhorunbusinesses.C.Peoplewhoreceivestatebenefits.D.Peoplewhoarewillingtoearnless.43.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sattitudetowardimmigrantis________.A.cautiouslyfavorableB.slightlynegativeC.stronglynegativeD.quiteambiguousPASSAGETWO(1)Therewassomethingintheelderlywoman’sbehaviorthatcaughtmyeye.Althoughslowgestures,andunsureofstepthewomanmovedwithdeliberation,andtherewasnohesitationinhergestures.Shewasasgoodasanyoneelse,hermovementssuggested.Andshehadajobtodo.(2)Itwasafewyearsago,andIhadtakenapart-timeholiday-seasonjobinavideostoreatthelocalshoppingmall.Frominsidethestore,I’dbeguntoseethepeoplerushingbyoutsideinthemall’sconcourseasariverofhumanity.(3)Theelderlywomanhadwalkedintothestorealongwithayoungerwomanwhoguessedwasherdaughter.Thedaughterwasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,huffingandsighing,checkingherwatcheveryfewseconds.Ifshehadpossessedaleash,hermotherwouldhavebeenfastenedtoitasameansoftuggingheralongtokeepstepwiththerushofothershoppers.(4)TheolderwomandetachedfromtheyoungeroneandbegantotickthroughtheDVDsonthenearestshelf.Aftertheslightesthesitation,IwalkedoverandaskedifIcouldhelpherfindsomething.Thewomansmiledupatmeandshowedmeatitlescrawledonacrumpledpieceofpaper.Thetitlewasunusualandabitobscure.Clearlyapersonlookingforitknewalittleaboutmovies,aboutquality.(5)RatherthanrushingofftolocatetheDVDforthewoman,IaskedhertowalkwithmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfindit.Lookingback,IthinkIwantedtoenjoyhercompanyforamoment.Somethingaboutherdeliberatemovementsremindedmeofmyownmother,who’dpassedawaythepreviousChristmas.(6)Aswewalkedalongthebackofthestore,Inarrateditsfloorplan:oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons,sciencefiction.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushedcompanyandcasualconversation.11(7)Wefoundthemovie,andIcomplimentedheronherchoice.Shesmiledandtoldmeitwasoneshe’denjoyedwhenshewasherson’sageandthatshehopedhewouldenjoyitasmuchasshehad.Maybe,shesaidwithahintofwistfulnesshecouldenjoyitwithhisownyoungchildren.Then,reluctantly,Ihadtoreturntheelderlywomantoherkeeper,whowasstilltappingherfootatthefrontofthestore.(8)Iescortedtheolderwomantothequeueatthecashregisterandthensteppedbackandlingeredneartheyoungerwoman.Whentheolderwoman’sturninlinecame,shepaidincash,countingoutthedollarsandcoinswiththesamesurenessshe’ddisplayedearlier.(9)AsthecashiertuckedtheDVDintoaplasticbag,Iwalkedovertotheyoungerwoman.(10)“Isthatyourmom?”Iasked.(11)Ihalfwayexpectedhertotellmeitwasnoneofmybusiness.Butpossiblybelievingmetobetolerantofherimpatience,sherolledhereyesandsaid,“Yeah.”Therewasexasperationinherreply,halfsighandhalfgroan.(12)Stillwatchingthemother,Isaid,“Mindsomeadvice?”(13)“Sure,”saidthedaughter.(14)IsmiledtoshowherIwasn’tcriticizing.“Cherishher,”Isaid.AndthenIansweredhercuriousexpressionbysaying,“Whenshe’sgone,it’sthelittlemomentsthat’llcomebacktoyou.Momentslikethis.Iknow.”(15)Itwastrue.ImissedmymomstillandrememberedwithmelancholyclaritythemomentswhenI’dusedmyimpatiencetomakeherlifemiserable.(16)Theelderlywomanmovedwithherdeliberateslownessbacktoherdaughter’scustody.Togethertheymadetheirwaytowardthestore’sexit.Theystoodthereforamoment,sidebyside,watchingtherushoftheholidaycurrentandfortheirplaceinit.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandmomentarilyregardedhermother.Andslowly,almostreluctantly,sheplacedherarmwithapparentlyunaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother’sshouldersandgentlyguidedherbackintothecrowds.44.Whatdoes“shehadajobtodo”(Para.1)meanaccordingtothecontext?A.Shehadaregularjobinthestore.B.Shewantedtoaskforhelp.C.ShewantedtobuyaDVD.D.Shewasthinkingofwhattobuy.45.WhatdoesthetitleoftheDVDrevealaccordingtotheshopassistant?A.Theelderlywomanhadsomeknowledgeaboutmovies.B.Theelderlywomanlikedmoviesforyoungchildren.C.Theelderlywomanpreferredmovieshersonliked.D.Theelderlywomanlikedbotholdandnewmovies.46.Inthepassagetheelderlywoman’sdaughterisdescribedasbeing________.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly1247.WhilelookingfortheDVDwiththeoldwoman,theshopassistantwas________.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patientPASSAGETHREE(1)Readingaward-winningliteraturemayboostyourabilitytoreadotherpeople,anewstudysuggests.ResearchersattheNewSchoolforSocialResearch,inNewYorkCity,foundthatwhentheyhadvolunteersreadworksofacclaimed“literaryfiction”,itseemedtotemporarilyimprovetheirabilitytointerpretotherpeople’semotions.Thesamewasnottrueofnonfictionor“popular”fiction,themystery,romanceandscience-fictionbooksthatoftendominatebestsellerlists.(2)Expertssaidthefindings,reportedonlineinScience,suggestthatliteraturemighthelppeopletobemoreperceptiveandengagedintheirlives.(3)“Readingliteraryfictionisn’tjustforpassingthetime.It’snotjustanescape,”saidKeithOatley,aprofessoremeritusofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto.Italsoenablesustobetterunderstandothers,andthentakethatintoourdailylives.(4)Oatleywasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch,butworkedonsomeofthefirststudiestosuggestthatreadingliteraturecanboostpeople’sempathyforothers.Histeamhasfoundthatthosewhoreadalotoffictiontendtoshowgreaterempathyonstandardtests,butthesameisnottrueofavidnonfictionfans.(5)But,thestudybyOatleyandhisteamcannotprovethatliteratureboostsempathy—empatheticfolksmayjustbedrawntoreadingfiction,whereasthenewstudydoesoffersome“cause-and-effect”evidence,Oatleysaid.Forthestudy,researcherssetupaseriesoffiveexperimentsinwhichparticipantsreadeitherliteraryfiction,popularfiction,nonfictionornothingatallbeforetakingsomestandardtests.Oneofthetestsisknownas“ReadingtheMindintheEyes”.Peoplehavetolookatphotosofactors’eyes,andthenguesswhatemotionisbeingexpressedineach.Thetestisconsideredameasureofempathy.Overall,studyparticipantsfaredbetteronthetestafterreadingliteraryfiction,versustheotherthreeconditions.(6)Itwasasmallimprovement,accordingtotheprincipalresearcherDavidComerKidd,“It’snotliketakingpeoplefroma(grade)‘C’toan‘A’,”hesaid.But,Kiddadded,theeffectwasseenafteronlyabout10minutes’reading,anditwasastatisticallystrongfinding,meaningit’sunlikelytohavebeenduetochance.(7)“Literary”fictionhasnohard-and-fastdefinition.SoKiddandhiscolleagueschosecontemporaryworksthathavewonorbeenfinalistsforoutstandingliteraryawards.Theyincluded“TheRoundHouse”,byLouiseErdrich,“SalvagetheBones”,byJesmynWardandtheshortstory“Corrie”byAliceMunro.And“popular”fictionincludedbest-sellerslike“GoneGirl”byGillianFlynn,andDanielleSteel’s“TheSinsoftheMother”.(8)What’ssospecialaboutliteraryfiction?“Forone,it’susuallymorefocusedoncharactersthanonplot,”Kiddnoted.Butbeyondthat,hesaid,thereisusuallynosingle“authoritativenarrator”whotakesusthroughthestory.“Itdemandsthatthereaderalmostbecomeawriterandfillinthegaps.Youreallyhavetothinkaboutthecharacters,”Kiddsaid.13(9)Oatleyagreed.“AliceMunrodoesn’ttellyouwhattothink,”hesaid.“You,yourself,havetomakeinferencesaboutcharacters.Andthat’softenwhatwe’redoinginourreal-lifeconversations.”Oratleastthat’swhatpeoplecoulddo.(10)Readingliteraryfictioncouldalsoofferawayto“practice”yoursocialskillsandusethemmoreinreallife,accordingtoanotherresearchernotinvolvedinthestudy.“It’slikehowpilotstraininaflightsimulator,”saidRaymondMar,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatYorkUniversity,inToronto,whohascollaboratedwithOatley.“Thisisagreatstudy,”Marsaidofthenewstudy.Butheaddedthattheoverallresearchinthisareais“stillinitsinfancy”andonekeyquestioniswhetherliteraryfictionreallyisbetterthanotherfiction.(11)Marandhiscolleaguesrecentlyfoundthatfansofromancenovelstendedtodobestontestsofempathy.Unlikethecurrentstudy,Mar’sstudydidnottestpeopleafterhavingthemreaddifferenttypesoffiction.Soit’spossiblethatthereissomethingelseaboutromance-novelreadersthatmakesthemmoreunderstandingofothers.(12)Still,accordingtoMar,it’stooearlytotellpeopletotradeintheirDanielleSteelforAliceMunro,atleastifthegoalisboostingempathy.(13)It’salsopossiblethatplays,moviesorevenTVshowscouldbuildyourempathymuscles,accordingtoKidd.Butreadingmaybespecial,hesaid,becauseitprovidesnovisualsandyouhavetoengageyourimaginationmore.(14)Everyoneagreedthatthefindingssuggestliteratureisimportantbeyondentertainmentorimprovingvocabulary.“There’sacommonbeliefthatreadingliteratureisfrivolous,ornotpractical,”Marsaid.“Butthere’sagrowingbodyofevidencethatit’simportantinskillsthatweneedinourlives.”48.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatkindofbooksarelikelytohelppeoplebetterunderstandothers’feelings?A.Sciencefiction.B.Romancenovels.C.Literaryfiction.D.Nonfiction.49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?A.Oatleyandhiscolleagueswereinvolvedinthenewstudy.B.Marandhisteamalsotestedpeopleafterreadingfiction.C.Kiddandhisteamhadpeoplereadprestigiousfiction.D.Kiddandhiste