ISO 2768-2几何公差

INTERNATIONALSTANDARDGeneraltolerancesPart2:ISO2768-2Firstedition1989-11-15GeometricaltolerancesforfeatureswithoutindividualtoleranceindicationsToterancesgenera/es-Partie2:ToterancesgeometriquespouretementsnonaffectesdetoterancesindividuellesReferencenumberISO2768-2:1989(E)B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989{E)ForewardISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Each·memberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,govern-mentalandnon-governmental,inIiaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforapprovalbeforetheiracceptanceasInternationalStandardsbytheISOCouncil.TheyareapprovedinaccordancewithISOproceduresrequiringatleast75%approvalbythememberbodiesvoting.InternationalStandardISO2768-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC3,Limitsandfits.ThisfirsteditionofISO2768-2,tagetherwithISO2768-1:1989,cancelandreplaceISO2768:1973.ISO2768consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitleGeneraltolerances:Part1:TolerancesforlinearandangulardimensionswithoutindividualtoleranceindicationsPart2:Geometricaltolerancesforfeatureswithoutindividualtoleranceindi-cationsAnnexesAandBofthispartofISO2768areforinformationonly.©ISO1989Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.InternationalOrganizationforStandardizationGasepostale56•CH-1211Geneve20•SwitzerlandPrintedinSwitzerlandiiB55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989(E)lntroductionAllfeaturesoncomponentpartsalwayshaveasizeandageometricalshape.Forthedeviationofsizeandforthedeviationsofthegeometricalcharacteristics(form,orientationandlocation)thefunctionofthepartrequireslimitationswhich,whenexceeded,impairthisfunction.Thetolerancingonthedrawingshouldbecompletetoensurethattheelementsofsizeandgeometryofallfeaturesarecontrolled,i.e.nothingshallbeimpliedorlefttojudge-mentintheworkshoporintheinspectiondepartment.Theuseofgeneraltolerancesforsizeandgeometrysimplifiesthetaskofensuringthatthisprerequisiteismet.iiiB55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO2768-2:1989(E)Generaltolerances-Part2:Geometricaltolerancesforfeatureswithoutindividualtoleranceindications1ScopeThispartofISO2768isintendedtosimplifydrawingindica-tionsandspecifiesgeneralgeometricaltolerancestocontrolthosefeaturesonthedrawingwhichhavenorespectivein-dividualindication.ltspecifiesgeneralgeometricaltolerancesinthreetoleranceclasses.ThispartofISO2768mainlyappliestofeatureswhicharepro-ducedbyremovalofmaterial.ltsapplicationtofeaturesmanufacturedbyotherprocessesispossible;however,specialexaminationisrequiredtoascertainwhetherthecustomaryworkshopaccuracylieswithinthegeneralgeometricaltoler-ancesspecifiedinthispartofISO2768.2GeneralWhenselectingthetoleranceclass,therespectivecustomaryworkshopaccuracyhastobetakenintoconsideration.lfsmallergeometricaltolerancesarerequiredor!argergeometricaltolerancesarepermissibleandmoreeconomicalforanyindividualfeature,suchtolerancesshouldbeindicateddirectlyinaccordancewithISO1101(seeclauseA.2).GeneralgeometricaltolerancesinaccordancewiththispartofISO2768applywhendrawingsorassociatedspecificationsrefertothispartofISO2768inaccordancewithclause6.Theyapplytofeatureswhichdonothaverespectiveindividualgeometricaltoleranceindications.Generalgeometricaltolerancesapplytoallgeometricaltoler-ancecharacteristics,excludingcylindricity,profileofanyline,profileofanysurface,angularity,coaxiality,positionaltoler-ancesandtotalrun-out.lnanyevent,generalgeometricaltolerancesinaccordancewiththispartofISO2768shouldbeusedwhenthefundamentaltolerancingprincipleinaccordancewithISO8015isusedandindicatedonthedrawing(seeclauseB.1).3NormativereferencesThefollowingstandardscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthispartofISO2768.Atthetimeofpublication,theaditionsindicatadwaravalid.Allstandardsarasubjacttoravision,andpartiestoagraamantsbasadonthispartofISO2768araancouragadtoinvestigatathapossibilityofapplyingthemostracenteditionsofthaStandardsindicatadbalow.MambarsofIECandISOmaintainregistarsofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards.ISO1101:1983,Technica/drawings-Geometrica/toleranc-ing-Tolerancingofform,orientation,/ocationandrun-out-Generalities,definitions,symbols,indicationsondrawings.ISO2768-1:1989,Generaltolerances-Part1:Tolerancesforlinearandangulardimensionswithoutindividualtoleranceindi-cations.ISO5459:1981,Technicaldrawings-Geometricaltoleranc-ing-Datumsanddatum-systemsforgeometricaltolerances.ISO8015:1985,Technicaldrawings-Fundamentaltoleranc-ingprinciple.4DefinitionsForthapurposasofthispartofISO2768,thadafinitionsforgeomatricaltolarancasgivaninISO1101andISO5459apply.5Generalgeometricaltolerances(saaalsoclausa8.1)5.1Tolerancesforsinglefeatures5.1.1StraightnassandflatnessThaganaraltolarancasonstraightnassandflatnassaragivenintabla1.Whanatolarancaisselactadfromtabla1,itshallbebased,inthecaseofstraightness,onthelengthofthecor-respondinglineand,inthecaseofflatness,ontheIongerlaterallengthofthesurface,orthediameterofthecircularsur-face.1B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-21989(E)Table1-GeneraltolerancesonstraightnessandflatnessValuesinmillimetresStraightnessandflatnesstolerancesforrangesofnominallengthsToler-anceoverIoveroverIoveroverclassupto1030100300100010uptoIuptouptouptoupto3010030010003000H0,020,050,10,20,30,4K0,050,10,20,40,60,8L0,10,20,40,81,21,65.1.2CircularityThegeneraltoleranceoncircularityisequaltothenumericalvalueofthediametertolerance,butinnocaseshallitbegreaterthantherespectivetolerancevalueforcircularradialrun-outgivenintable4(seeexamplesinclause8.2).5.1.3CylindricityGeneraltolerancesoncylindricityarenotspecified.NOTES1Thecylindricitydeviationcomprisesthreecomponents:circularitydeviation,straightnessdeviationandparallelismdeviationofoppositegeneratorlines.Eachofthesecomponentsiscontrolledbyitsin-dividuallyindicatedoritsgeneraltolerance.2lf,forfunctionalreasons,thecylindricitydeviationhastobesmallerthanthecombinedeffect(seeclauseB.3)ofthegeneraltolerancesoncircularity,straightnessandparallelism,anindividualcylindricitytoler-anceinaccordancewithISO1101shouldbeindicatedforthefeatureconcerned.Sometimes,e.g.inthecaseofafit,theindicationoftheenveloperequirement®isappropriate.5.2Tolerancesforrelatedfeatures5.2.1GeneralThetolerancesspecifiedin5.2.2to5.2.6applytoallfeatureswhichareinrelationtooneanotherandwhichhavenorespec-tiveindividualindication.5.2.2ParallelismThegeneraltoleranceonparallelismisequaltothenumericalvalueofthesizetoleranceortheflatness/straightnesstoler-ance,whicheveristhegreater.TheIongerofthetwofeaturesshallbetakenasthedatum;ifthefeaturesareofequalnominallength,eithermaybetakenasthedatum(seeclause8.4).25.2.3PerpendicularityThegeneraltolerancesonperpendicularityaregivenintable2.TheIongerofthetwosidesformingtherightangleshallbetakenasthedatum;ifthesidesareofequalnominallength,eithermaybetakenasthedatum.Table2-GeneraltolerancesonperpendicularityValuesinmillimetresPerpendicularitytolerancesforrangesofToler-nominallengthsoftheshortersideanceclassupto100over100over300over1000upto300upto1000upto3000H0,20,30,4,0,5K0,40,60,81L0,611,525.2.4SymmetryThegeneraltolerancesonsymmetryaregivenintable3.TheIongerofthetwofeaturesshallbetakenasthedatum;ifthefeaturesareofequalnominallength,eithermaybetakenasthedatum.NOTE-Thegeneraltolerancesonsymmetryapplywhereatleastoneofthetwofeatureshasamedianplane,ortheaxesofthetwofeaturesareperpendiculartoeachother.SeeexamplesinclauseB.5.Table3-GeneraltolerancesonsymmetryValuesinmillimetresSymmetrytolerancesforrangesofToler-nominallengthsanceclassupto100Iover100Iover300Iover1000upto300upto1000upto3000H0,5K0,60,81L0,6I11,525.2.5CoaxialityGeneraltolerancesoncoaxialityarenotspecified.NOTE-Thedeviationincoaxialitymay,inanextremecase,beasgreatasthetolerancevalueforcircularradialrun-outgivenintable4,sincethedeviationinradialrun-outcomprisesthedeviationincoaxial-ityandthedeviationincircularity.5.2.6Circularrun-outThegeneraltolerancesoncircularrun-out(radial,axialandanysurfaceofrevolution)aregivenintable4.B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59Forgeneraltolerancesoncircularrun-out,thebearingsurfacesshallbetakenasthedatumiftheyaredesignatedassuch.Otherwise,forcircularradialrun-out,theIongerofthetwofeaturesshallbetakenasthedatum;ifthefeaturesareofequalnominallength,eithermaybetakenasthedatum.Table4-Generaltolerancesoncircularrun-outValuesinmillimetrasToleranceclassCircularrun-outtolerancesH0,1K0,2L0,56lndicationsondrawings6.1lfgeneraltolerancesinaccordancewiththispartofISO2768shallapplyinconjunctionwiththegeneraltolerancesinaccordancewithISO2768-1,thefollowinginformationshallbeindicatedinornearthetitleblock:a)"ISO2768";b)thetoleranceclassinaccordancewithISO2768-1;c)thetoleranceclassinaccordancewiththispartofISO2768.EXAMPLEISO2768-mkISO2768-2:1989(E)lnthiscasethegeneraltolerancesforangulardimensionsinac-cordancewithISO2768-1donotapplytorightangles(90°),whichareimpliedbutnotindicated,becausethispartofISO2768specifiesgeneraltolerancesonperpendicularity.6.2lfthegeneraldimensionaltolerances(toleranceclassm)shallnotapply,therespectiveIettershallbeomittedfromthedesignationtobeindicatedonthedrawing:EXAMPLEISO2768-K6.3lncaseswheretheenveloperequirement@alsoappliestoallsinglefeaturesofsize1l,thedesignation"E"shallbeaddedtothegeneraldesignationspecifiedin6.1:EXAMPLEISO2768-mK-ENOTE-Theenveloperequirement@cannotapplytofeatureswithindividuallyindicatedstraightnasstoleranceswhicharegreaterthantheirsizetolerances,e.g.stockmaterial.7RejectionUnlessotherwisestated,workpiecesexceedingthegeneralgeometricaltoleranceshallnotIeadtoautomaticrejectionpro-videdthattheabilityoftheworkpiecetofunctionisnotim-paired(seeclauseA.4).1)ForthepurposesofthispartofISO2768,asinglefeatureofsizecomprisesacylindricalsurfaceortwoparallelplanesurfaces.3B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989(E)AnnexA(informative)ConceptsbehindgeneraltolerancingofgeometricalcharacteristicsA.1GeneraltolerancesshouldbeindicatedonthedrawingbyreferencetothispartofISO2768inaccordancewithclause6.Thevaluesofgeneraltolerancescorrespondtogradesofcustomaryworkshopaccuracy,theappropriatetoleranceclassbeingselectedandindicatedonthedrawing.A.2Aboveacertaintolerancevalue,whichcorrespondstothecustomaryworkshopaccuracy,thereisusuallynogaininmanufacturingeconomybyenlargingthetolerance.lnanyevent,workshopmachineryandtheusualworkmanshipnor-mallydonotmanufacturefeatureswithgreaterdeviations.Forexample,afeatureof25mm±0,1mmdiameterby80mmlongmanufacturedinaworkshopwithacustomaryaccuracyequaltoorfinerthanISO2768-mHcontainsthegeometricaldeviationsweilwithin0,1mmforcircularity,0,1mmforstraightnassofsurfaceelements,and0,1mmforcircularradialrun-out(thevaluesgivenhavebeentakenfromthispartofISO2768).Specifyingtoleranceswouldbeofnobenefitinthisparticularworkshop.However,if,forfunctionalreasons,afeaturerequiresasmallertolerancevaluethanthe"generaltolerances",thenthatfeatureshouldhavethesmallertoleranceindicatedindividuallyadja-centtotheparticularfeature.Thistypeoftolerancefallsout-sidethescopeofgeneraltolerances.lncaseswherethefunctionofafeatureallowsageometricaltoleranceequaltoorlargerthanthegeneraltolerancevalues,thisshouldnotbeindividuallyindicated,butshouldbestatedonthedrawingasdescribedinclause6.Thistypeoftoleranceallowsfulluseoftheconceptofgeneralgeometricaltolerancing.Therewillbe"exceptionstotherule"wherethefunctionallowsalargertolerancethanthegeneraltolerances,andthelargertolerancewillprovideagaininmanufacturingeconomy.lnthesespecialcases,thelargergeometricaltoleranceshouldbeindicatedindividuallyadjacenttotheparticularfeature,e.g.thecircularitytoleranceofalargeandthinring.A.3UsinggeneralgeometricaltolerancesIeadstothefollowingadvantages:4a)drawingsareeasiertoreadandthuscommunicationismademoreeffectivetotheuserofthedrawing;b)thedesigndraughtsmansavestimebyavoidingdetailedtolerancecalculationsasitissufficientonlytoknowthatthefunctionallowsatolerancegreaterthanorequaltothegeneraltolerance;c)thedrawingreadilyindicateswhichfeaturescanbepro-ducedbynormalprocesscapability,whichalsoassistsqualityengineeringbyreducinginspectionIeveis;d)thosefeaturesremaining,whichhaveindividuallyin-dicatedgeometricaltolerances,will,forthemostpart,bethosecontrollingfeaturesforwhichthefunctionrequiresrelativelysmalltolerancesandwhichthereforemaycausespecialeffortintheproduction-thiswillbehelpfulforpro-ductionplanningandwillassistqualitycontrolservicesintheiranalysisofinspectionrequirements;e)purchaseandsub-contractsupplyengineerscannego-tiateordersmorereadilysincethe"customaryworkshopac-curacy"isknownbeforethecontractisplaced;thisalsoavoidsargumentsondeliverybetweenthebuyerandthesupplier,sinceinthisrespectthedrawingiscomplete.Theseadvantagesarefullyobtainedonlywhenthereissuffi-cientreliabilitythatthegeneraltoleranceswillnotbeexceeded,i.e.whenthecustomaryworkshopaccuracyoftheparticularworkshopisequaltoorfinerthanthegeneraltolerancesin-dicatedinthedrawing.Theworkshopshould,therefore,-findoutbymeasurementswhatitscustomarywork-shopaccuracyis;-acceptonlythosedrawingshavinggeneraltolerancesequaltoorgreaterthanitscustomaryworkshopaccuracy;-checkbysamplingthatitscustomaryworkshopac-curacydoesnotdeteriorate.Relyingonundefined"goodworkmanship"withallitsuncer-taintiesandmisunderstandingsisnoIongernecessarywiththeconceptofgeneralgeometricaltolerances.Thegeneralgeo-metricaltolerancesdefinetherequiredaccuracyof"goodworkmanship".A.4Thetolerancethefunctionallowsisoftengreaterthanthegeneraltolerance.Thefunctionofthepartis,therefore,notalwaysimpairedwhenthegeneraltoleranceis(occasionally)exceededatanyfeatureoftheworkpiece.ExceedingthegeneraltoleranceshouldIeadtoarejectionoftheworkpieceonlyifthefunctionisimpaired.B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989(E)AnnexB(informative)Furtherinformation8.1Generalgeometricaltolerances(seeclause5)generalgeometricaltolerancesmaybeusedevenifthefeaturesareeverywhereattheirmaximummaterialsize(seefigure8.1).Accordingtotheprincipleofindependency(seeISO8015),generalgeometricaltolerancesapplyindependentlyoftheactuallocalsizeoftheworkpiecefeatures.Accordingly,thelftheenveloperequirement@isindividuallyindicatedadjac-enttothefeatureorgenerallytoallfeaturesofsizeasdescribedinclause6,thisrequirementshouldalsobecompliedwith.Dimensionsinmillimetres0-r--·--·--·--·L('\....'&TolerancingISO8015GeneraltolerancesISO2768-mH250;MaximumIimitofsize/____________-MaximumcircularitydeviationI\);.(resultingfromalobedform)"s\J~Maximumstraightnessdeviation~--··-==--r-~=:--L('\0---~'&--.MaximumIimitofsizeN0-Figure8.1-Principleofindependency;maximumpermissibledeviationsonthesamefeature5B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989(E};8.2Circularity(see5.1.2)-ExamplesEXAMPLE1(seefigure8.2)Thepermissibledeviationofthediameterisindicateddirectlyonthedrawing;thegeneraltoleranceoncircularityisequaltothenumericalvalueofthediametertolerance.EXAMPLE2(seefigure8.2)ThegeneraltolerancesinaccordancewiththeindicationISO2768-mKapply.Thepermissibledeviationsforthediameterof25mmare±0,2mm.ThesedeviationsIeadtothenumericalvalueof0,4mmwhichisgreaterthanthevalueof0,2mmgivenintable4;thevalueof0,2mm,therefore,appliesforthecircularitytolerance.Examplelndicationonthedrawing1+-·+·+1"-V25.~1ISO2768-K2mISO2768-mK8.3Cylindricity(seenote2in5.1.3)Thecombinedeffectofthegeneraltolerancesofcircularity,straightnassandparallelismis,forgeometricalreasons,smallerthanthesumofthethreetolerancessincethereisalsoacertainIimitationbythesizetolerance.However,forthesakeofsimplicity,inordertodecidewhethertheenveloperequirement@oranindividualcylindricitytoleranceistobeindicated,thesumofthethreetolerancescanbetakenintoaccount.8.4Parallelism(see5.2.2)Dependingontheshapesofthedeviationsofthefeatures,theparallelismdeviationislimitedbythenumericalvalueofthesizetolerance(seefigure8.3)orbythenumericalvalueofthestraightnassorflatnesstolerance(seefigure8.4).ValuesinmillimetresCircularitytolerancezone'cr(j..Figure8.2-ExamplesofgeneraltolerancesoncircularityEo;moo'~"''"''"""Figure8.3-Parallelismdeviationequaltothenumericalvalueofthesizetolerance6StraightnesstoleranceFigure8.4-ParallelismdeviationequaltothenumericalvalueofthestraightnasstoleranceB55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989(E8.5Symmetry(see5.2.4)-Examplesa)Datum:Iongerfeature(12)b)Datum:Iongerfeature(11),,c)Datum:Iongerfeature(12)t,d)Datum:Iongerfeature(11)Figure8.5-Examplesofgeneraltolerancesonsymmetry(datumsspecifiedinaccordancewith5.2.4)7B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB79392886FC261AAD8B630B625D84A2690B31ACBC4F537EC056FCBB2F26ED5AE49A72A0CE57976E3779D3C896379E8EB087C4AF04A270A0B0487Normen-Download-Beuth-AndritzAG-KdNr.144972-LfNr.8185296001-2017-11-2208:59ISO2768-2:1989fEJ8.6Exampleofadrawinglndicationonthedrawing86InterpretationNOTES12,550-~12,5(~:··--,--··::~-:01:--~~-_j:a'Q.ö~··F··=+··-,I01BL:....L..:•.......L....JDimensionsinmillimetresTolerancingISO8015GeneraltolerancesISO2768-mH1Thetolerancesshowninchainthindouble-dashedlines(boxesandcircles)aregeneraltolerances.ThesetolerancevalueswouldbeautomaticallyachievedbymachininginaworkshopwithacustomaryaccuracyequaltoorfinerthanISO2768-mHandwouldnotnormallyrequiretobeinspected.2AssometolerancesalsoIimitthedeviationsofothercharacteristicsofthesamefeature,e.g.theperpendicularitytolerancealsoIimitsthestraightnessdeviations,notallgeneraltolerancesareshownintheinterpretationabove.Figure