英语报刊选读A及答案

《英语报刊阅读》试题（A卷）得分PartIReconstructthemessagesofthefollowingheadlinesofnewsstories:(1%foreach,10%)Example:ItalianEx-MayorMurdered---AnItalianEx-MayorIsMurderedUStoldnotexploitTibetissue.RubinGreenspanatodds.VisitorsflockingtoMao'sbirthplace.得分store.manquizzedafterwifeisknifedinsportsPartIIReadthefollowingpassageandanswertheQuestionsA5-34(1%foreach,30%)andB35-44(2%foreach,20%)ATuitionReformforHigherEducationChineseinstitutionsofhigherlearninghavequickenedtheirpaceofreforminrecentyears.Changingenrollmentpracticesandhighertuitionfeesconstituteandimportantpartofthereform.Schoolswhichonceadmittedstudentsalmostexclusivelyaccordingtostateplansarebecomingmoreacceptingofstudentssentbyworkgroupsforfurthertrainingandthosewhopaytheirownfees.Regularuniversitiesandcollegesplantoenrollabout786200studentsthisyear,up158200or25percentoverlastyear'sfigure.Ofthese,216000,or27.4percent,willbesentbytheirworkgroupsorwillpaytheirownway.Inthepast,thestatepaidalltuitionandschoolfeesforuniversitystudents,amatterofpolicysinceNewChinawasestablishedin1949.Althoughthispracticeguaranteedthesupplyofqualifiedpersonnel,itbroughtaheavyburdentothesate,hinderingfurtherdevelopmentofhighereducation.Sincehighereducationisnon—compulsoryeducationinChina,tochargeappropriatefeeswillhelpimproveschoolfacilitiesandexpeditethedevelopmentofeducationinthisstage.Asanaddedbenefit,payingtheirownwaywillencouragestudentstostudyharder.Thereformwilltakeeffectintwodirections.State—financedstudentswillbeginpayingpartofthecostsoftheireducation,andmoreself—payingstudentswillbeaccepted.InAugust1989,underthedirectionoftheStatecouncil,theStateEducationCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheSatePriceBureaudrewupstipulationsconcerningtheamountofchargesontuition,accommodationandotherexpensesforstudentsofinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Beginningfromthatyear,freshmenatregularuniversitiesandcollegesandprofessionalschools(includingcadrestakingspecialtrainingcoursesandstudentsworkingonaseconddegree)werecharged100yuan(aboutus$17)eachfortheirtuitionfee,andthislowchargeisexpectedtoberaisedgradually.ThefigurewashigherinspecialeconomiczonesandeconomicallydevelopedregionssuchasGuangdongProvinceandShanghai,butwascappedat300yuan.Studentslivingoncampuspaidabout20yuanperyearforaccommodationandthechargewasslightlyhigherforbetterfurnishing.Normalschoolstudentsandthoseadmittedonscholarshipsneedonlypayforaccommodation.Reducedtuitionsandfeesareavailabletostudentsinneedoffinancialassistance,butaccommodationexpenseswillremainthesame.InJune1992,theStateEducationCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureaudecidedtoallowregularinstitutionsofhighereducationtosettheirowntuitionratesandchargesforaccommodation,short—termtrainingprograms,correspondencecoursesandnightschool.Theseshouldbedeterminedaccordingtotheneedsofeachschool,theabilitiesofstudentstopayandgeneralconditionsineacharea.Thetuitionforstudentsinthesciencesandengineeringcanrangefrom300to500yuanperacademicyear.Liberalarts,historyandeconomicsstudentsofthefineartspay400to600yuanperyear,andstudentsofthefinearts400to750yuan.Statisticsfor1992showstudentspaidanaverageof340yuanintuitionthatyear,only5percentoftherealcost.Measureshavebeentakentolimitthepossibledetrimentalaffectsofrisingtuition.Shanghai,forinstance,exemptsthechildrenofrevolutionarymartyrsfrompayingtuition.Andthesecostsmaybereducedorwaivedforstudentswithlimitedfamilyfinancialsupportastheirparentsareeitherbothdeadorarereceivingsubsidiesfromtheirworkunits.Somecollegeshavealsosetupwork—studyprogramstobenefitstudentswithfinancialdifficulties.Guidelinesconcerningself—payingstudentswerefirstsetoutin1989.TheStateEducationCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureaustipulatedthatthesestudentsshouldpay80percentofthecostoftheireducation.Suchstudentswholiveoncampuspaythestandardrateforaccommodationandmustcovertheirownmedicalexpenses.Thechargeforeachself—payingstudentaveraged2000yuanofthecostin1992,or30percentofthecost.Chargesforundergraduatesandstudentsofspecialcollegeswhoseeducationissponsoredbyworkunits,withpaymentcomingeitherinpartorinfullfromtheirunits,aresomewhathigher.Self—payingstudentsarenotassignedjobsbythestateaftergraduation,whereasstudentssentbytheirunitswillreturntothemaftergraduating.Chargesforcorrespondencecoursesandnightschoolareequaltoorslightlyhigherthanthoseforfull-timestudentsenrolledaccordingtothestateplan.Withtheirimprovementoftheirlivingstandardsandthedeepeningofreform,peopleingeneralacceptthechangesinthetuitionsystem.Tofacilitatethedevelopmentofhighereducation,theincreasesintuitionrateswillbemoreflexibleanddiversified.Studentpaymentswillbeaugmentedbyfindingfromthestate,enterprisesandfundsraisedfromthepublic.Lawsandregulationswillbyenactedtoensuresteadyprogress,andoverseasorganizationsandindividualsareencouragedtosetupandoperateschoolsinChina.--21stCentury,Apr.20,1992ReadingComprehensionCircletheletterthatbestsuitstheanswerorcompletesthestatement.Changingenrollmentpracticesandhighertuitionfees.payanimportantpartinthereformmakeupanimportantpartofthereformincludeanimportantpartofthereformholdanimportantpartofthereformRegularuniversitiesandcollegesplantoenrollabout786200studentsthisyear.whichisthesameaslastyearsfigurewhichismorethanlastyear'sfigureby158200whichis25percentoverlastyear'sfigurebothBandCAmong786200studentswillbesentbytheirworkgroupsorwillpaytheirownway.158200B.21600C.27.4percentD.25percentSinceNewChinawasestablished,alltuitionandschoolfeesforuniversitystudents.WerepaidbytheirworkgroupsWerepaidbythestudentsthemselvesWerepaidbythestateWerepaidbythelocalgovernmentThepolicywhichthestatepaidalltuitionandschoolfeesforuniversitystudents.BroughtlotsofprofitstothestateWashelpfultofurtherdevelopmentofhighereducationBroughtmanyadvantagestothestateBroughtexpenseandtroubletothestateWhichstatementisnottrueTochargeappropriatefeeswillhelpimproveschoolfacilitiesAsanaddedbenefit,payingtheirownwaywillencouragestudentstostudyharderHighereducationiscompulsoryeducationinChinaTuitionreformforhighereducationwilltakeeffectintwodirectionsStipulationsconcerningtheamountofchargesontuition,accommodationandotherexpensesforstudentsofinstitutionsofhigherlearningwasdraftedby.theStateEducationCommissiontheStateCounciltheuniversitiesandcollegestheStateEducationCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureauThefigureontuitionfeewashigherinspecialeconomiczonesandeconomicallydevelopedregions,butwas.fixedat300yuanB.limitedin300yuanC.over300yuanD.muchmorethan300yuanStudentsinneedoffinancialassistance.cangetagrantneedonlypayforaccommodationcangetsupportfromthelocalgovernmentcanenjoyreducedtuitionsandfeesAccordingtothestipulationsmadebytheStateEducationCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureau,thetuitionforstudentsinthesciencesandengineeringcan.bechangedbetween300and500yuanperacademicyearbefixedat300or500yuanperyearbesetat400or600yuanperyearbeextendedfrom400to750yuanperyearThechildrenofrevolutionarymartyrsinShanghai.enjoyreducedtuitionenjoyfreechargetuitiongainallowancefromgovernmentD.receivesubsidiesfromtheirparentsworkunitsStipulationsconcerningself—payingstudentstookeffectin.1989B.1992C.1990D.1991Chargesforundergraduatesandstudentsofspecialcollegeswhoseeducationissponsoredbyworkunits.aresetat2000yuanperyearareexempted50percentfromthewholecostoftheireducationareratherhigherareexempted30percentSelf—payingstudents,aftertheirgraduation,.willreturntotheirunitswillbeappointedtodosomeworkbythestateareprovidedemploymentsbythestatarenotassignedjobsbythestateWhichstatementistrueTheincreasesintuitionratescannotbechangedeasilyStudentspaymentwillbedecreasedbyfundingfromthestateandenterprisesLawsandregulationswillbemadetoensuresteadyprogressPeopleingeneralcan'tacceptthechangeinthetuitionreformVocabularyChoosethebestanswertoexplainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zChineseinstitutionsofhigherlearninghavequickenedtheirpaceofreforminrecentyear.WalkingB.stepC.footD.speedChangingenrollmentpracticesandhighertuitionfeesconstituteanimportantpartofthereform.MakeupB.establishC.holdD.CompleteAlthoughthispracticeguaranteedthesupplyofqualifiedpersonnel,itbroughtaheavyburdentothestate.A.itbroughtthestateexpenseandtroubleitbroughtthestatesufferingitmadethestateinvolveindifficultiesitcausedthestateinvolvedintroublesThereformwilltakeeffectintwodirections.A.willtakeplaceB.willcomeintoforceC.willaffectD.willhaveaninfluenceThefigurewashigherinspecialeconomiczonesandeconomicallydevelopedregionssuchasGuangdong,provinceandShanghai,butwascappedat300yuanA.coveredB.aboutC.overmuchmorethanThisMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureaudecidedtoallowregularinstitutionsofhighereducationtosettheirowntuitionratesandchargesforaccommodation.B.fixA.decideC.putforwardD.BothAandBThetuitionforstudentsinthesciencesandengineeringcanrangefrom300to500yuanperacademicyear.A.bechargedbetween300and500setat300or500bedecidedat300or500extendfrom300to500TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMeasureshavebeentakentolimitthepossibledetrimentalaffectsofrisingtuition.A.determinedB.damageC.harmfulD.influentialShanghai,forinstance,exemptsthechildrenofrevolutionarymartyrsfrompayingtuition.A.chargesalittleforB.makesfreechargeforC.reducesthechargeforD.BothAandBAndthesecostsmaybereducedorwaivedforstudentswithlimitedfamilyfinancialsupportastheirparentsareeitherbothdeadorarereceivingsubsidiesfromtheirworkunits.A.insistedonB.notenforcedC.chargedD.exemptedSomecollegeshavealsosetupwork—studyprogramstobenefitstudentswithfinancialdifficulties.A.helpC.giveprofitstogivemoneytoD.sendallowanceofmoneytoTOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheStateEducationalCommission,theMinistryofFinanceandtheStatePriceBureaustipulatedthatthesestudentsshouldpay80percentofthecostoftheireducation.A.arrangedB.advocatedC.statedclearlyD.stimulatedSuchstudentswholiveoncampuspaythestandardrateforaccommodationandmustcovertheirownmedicalexpenses.A.includeB.exemptchangeD.providemoneyforSelf—payingstudentsarenotassignedjobsbythestateaftergraduation,whereasstudentssentbytheirunitswillreturntothemaftergraduation.A.Aftergraduationthestatedoesn'tgiveemploymentstotheself—payingstudentsAftergraduation,thestatedoesn'tappointtheself—payingstudentstodosomeworkAftergraduation,theself-payingstudentsarenotgoingtoapplyforjobsAllarewrongTofacilitatethedevelopmentofhighereducation,theincreasesintuitionrateswillbemoreflexibleanddiversified.A.willbemoreeasilybentandvariouswillbemorelimitedandvarious.willbeeasilychangedandinvarietytoadapttonewconditionswillberaisedmorethanbeforeBEndangeredTrade(TheAsianWallStreetJournal,Mar.,1999)SuchisthespecialrelationshipbetweenAmericaanditsNATOpartnersthatwhilethatalliancecooperatestobombSerbianforces,theU.S.andtheEUaremanagingatradewaragainsteachother.Fortunately,nolivesareatstakeinthelatterconflict.Yetifitspreadsunchecked,therestoftheworldissuretofeelthepainofit.It'shardtodecidewhethertheU.S.orEuropedeservesthemostcontemptforexpandingtheirtradewar.Thefirstfight,overbananas,isessentiallyastrugglebetweentwofruitdistributorswithstrongpoliticalconnections.NowWashingtonandBrusselsareescalatingtheirbattleoverbeef,withEuropeanfarmersstoopingtoscienceintheirclaimsthathormone-treatedAmericanbeefisunsafe.Inhisfirstterminoffice,PresidentBillClintonteamedupwiththeRepublicanstopushmajorfree-tradeliberalizations.Now,however,heseemsbentonpursuing'levelevenifplayingfields,'torpedoingtheworldeconomy.Thelatestsalvowasfiredthisweek,withtheU.S.announcingithastargetedcloseto$1billionofEuropeanproductsfor100%tariffsiftheEuropeanUniondoesn'tdropthehormonenonsense.ThemovefollowsanearlierannouncementthattheU.S.administrationwillfightEurope'sbananaimportregimebyhittingarangeofEuropeangoodswithprohibitivetariffs.AddtothisrenewedAmericanthreatstoraisethedrawbridgetoRussian,JapaneseandBraziliansteel,aswellasadministrationsupportforacongressionalvotetobanConcordeflightsfromEuropeinrelationforEUthreatstorefuselandingrightstoold-Americanplanesretrofittedwithnoisereducingtechnology.Mr.ClintonsoundedtheprotectionistbattlecryinhisJanuaryStateoftheUnionaddress,wherehevowedtofightfor'afreerandfairertradingsystemfor21stcenturyAmerica.'Inthecaseofagriculture,whentherespectivelobbiesonbothsidesoftheAtlanticenterthefray,thattranslatesintoastickysituation.Onthewhole,Americanfarmersaremajorexporters.AndU.S.farmershaveagoodcaseonbeefhormones.ButitisnonethelessdangerousfortheU.S.toshutoff$1billionintrade.ThisisnottoexcusetheEU.Thehormoneargumentisnonsense.TheWorldTradeOrganizationhasacknowledgedasmuch,orderingtheEUtoallowimportsofAmericanmeatbyMay13.BrusselshasrespondedbysayingthatitneedsmoretimebecauseEuropeancitizens,whosupposedlydon'tlikehormonesintheirfood,wouldrebelagainsttheirgovernmentsifAmericanmeatsuddenlyappearedontheirstoreshelves.Wereitnotforthehighstakesinvolvedforbothproducersandconsumers,theargumentmightbeamusing.Whengovernmentscurtailtradetheglobaleconomyshrinksandforallthejobs'saved'byprotections,therearealotmorelost.TheSmoot-HawleyagriculturalprotectionsimposedbytheU.S.Congressinthelate1920scertainlycontributedtotheGreatDepression.Mr.Clintonmaybelieveheisfightingthegoodfight.Butwe'veneverthoughtmuchofthekindofwarwhereyouposeevenwhenyouwin.JudgewhetherthefollowingstatementareTrueorFalse:()TheTradewarbetweentheU.S.andtheEUhascostnolivesbutisequallydangerous.()It'sveryeasytodecidewhoistoblameforexpandingthetradewar.()Theverybeginningofthetradewarsuggeststhatitbearspoliticalsignificance.()Theauthoragreesthathormone-treatedbeefisharmfultoone'shealth.()PresidentBillClintonusedtobeabelieveroffreetrade,butnotnow.()Levelplayingfieldscadogoodtotheworldeconomy.()BesidesitstradewarwiththeEU,theU.S.isalsoinconflictwithJapan,RussiaandBrazil.()Theauthorthinksthatinthecaseofbeef,theAmericanfarmersarejustified.()TheauthorthinksthatitisarightdecisionfortheU.S.toshutoff$1billionintrade.()ThetwosideshavesubmittedthecaseofbeeftotheWTOforsettlement.得分(4%PartIIIReadthefollowingpassageandanswerQuestions4^549foreach,20%)TheRichGetRicherandElectedByStevenV.RobertsTherepresentativesnewlyelectedin1984werealmostfourtimesaswealthyasthefirst-termlawmakerselectedonlysixyearsbefore,accordingtoanewstudybasedonethemembers'financialreports.Behindthisremarkableaswing,thestudysays,aretwomainfactors:acourtdecisionthatoutlawedlimitsonwhatcandidatescouldgivetotheirowncampaigns,andtheenormousgrowthinthecostofpursuingaseatinCongress.Asaresult,itisincreasinglydifficultforcandidatesofmodestmeans,particularlywomen,tomountsuccessfulchallengestoentrenchedofficeholders.Onesolution,theauthorscontend,isasystemofpublicfinancingforcampaigns,butCongressseemsinnomoodtochangethepoliticalrulesanytimesoon.“Thelowerchamberisgoingupperclass,”saidMarkGreen,thepresidentofTheDemocracyProject,apublicpolicyinstitutebasedinNewYork.“ButthisevolutionfromaHouseofRepresentativestoaHouseofLordsdeniesthediversityofourdemocracy.Itestablishesadefactopropertyqualificationforofficethatincreasinglysays:lowandmiddleincomeneednotapply.”TheDemocracyProjectproducedthestudyincooperationwiththeUnitedStatesPublicInterestResearchGroup,asimilarinstitutesituatedinWashington.Buttheirresearchwasnotentirelytheoretical.In1980Mr.GreenwastheunsuccessfulDemocraticcandidateforCongressinNewYork's15thDistrict,inManhattan.ThewinnerwasBillGreen,oneofthewealthiestmembersofCongress.OfAssetsandMillionairesMembersofCongressmustreporttheirassetsinbroadcategories,notexactnumbers,sothefiguresinthestudyarenotprecise.Buttheminimumaveragewealthofthe43lawmakersfirstelectedlastyearwas$251,292.Sixyearsearlier,the74newmembersreportedanaverageofonly$41,358inassets.Withinflationfiguredin,theincreasewasalmost400percentinrealterms.Moreover,financialdataontheclassof1978indicatedonlyonemillionaire,WilliamF.ClingerJr.,aPennsylvaniaRepublican.Lastyear'snewcomersincluded15possiblemillionaires,morethanathirdoftheentiregroup.ToppingthelistwasJosephJ.Dioguardi,aWestchesterRepublican,wholistedassetsof$1millionto$2.46million.Themainreasonforthechange,Mr.Greenmaintains,istheSupremeCourtdecisionof1976inthecaseofBuckleyV.Valeo.Inthatcase,theCourtruledthatlimitsmandatedbyCongressontheamountacandidatecouldgivetohisorherowncampaignwereanunconstitutionalabridgmentofindividualrights.Atthesametime,theCourtupheldlimitsonamountscontributedbyoutsiders.“Quitenaturally”,Mr.Greensaid,“thisputsapremiumonpersonalwealth.The43Representativesnewlyelectedin1984spentanaverageof$459,344;ofthat,$50,329wastheirownmoneyinanaveragecase.Eightofthe43spentmorethan$100,000inpersonalfundsbuttheclearleaderwasTommyF.Robinson,anArkansasDemocrat,whocontributed$441,167tohisowncampaign.Mr.DioGuardiwasnextwithapersonaldonationof$210,000.TheSenatePutsanevenhigherpremiumonwealth.LastyeartheaveragecandidatefortheSenatespent$2million,andtherosterofmillionairesintheSenateissteadilygrowing.Thesecondfactorputtingapremiumonpersonalwealth,Mr.Greenargues,istherapidriseofpoliticalactioncommittees.Theytendtofavorincumbentswiththeircampaigncontributions,andaresult,Mr.Greensays,isthatittakesawealthychallengertomakearaceofthings.OneapparenteffectistheobstaclethisposesforwomenwhorunforCongress.Whilewomeninrapidlyrisingnumbersarecapturinglocalandstateoffices,theirrepresentationonthenationallevelhasstayedstatic.Theclassof1984includedonlytwowomen:HelenD.BentleyofMarylandandJanMeyersofKansas,bothRepublicans.“ItislargelymenwhocontrolwealthinAmerica,”Mr.Greensaid,“andifwealthisamajorvariableinpoliticalsuccess,thatautomaticallymeansmoremenwillrunandwin.”FredWertheimer,presidentofCommonCause,thepublicaffairslobbythat,ifyou'renotpersonallywealthy,andyou'renotwillingtoindebtyourselftothePAC's,youfaceanuphillstrugglejusttogetyourmessageonthetable.Theauthorsofthestudyarguethatsomeformofpublicfinancingforcampaignsshouldbeinstituted.“Competitionforpublicofficeshouldbebasedmoreuponmeritthanmoney,”assertedGeneKarpinski,executivedirectorofthepublicinterestresearchgroup.Mr.Wertheimerarguesthat“membersofCongressknowtheyhaveanationalscandalontheirhands”andarewillingtoconsiderpublicfinancing,oratleastatotallimitonPACcontributions.Butthechancesforchangeinthecurrentsystemremaindecidedlypoor.ObviouslythecurrentoccupantsofCapitolHillhavekepttheirseatsunderthepresentrules,whichclearlyfavorincumbents.Accordingly,Mr.Greenmaintains,Congressisstillprobably“severalscandalsaway”fromaseriouspushtochangethecampaignsystem.(FromTheNewYorkTimes,September24,1985)WhyhastheHouseofRepresentativesbeenchangingintoarichman'scluboraHouseofLordsInwhatwaydidtheCourtdecisionfavorthewealthycandidatesArewomenfarbehindmeningettingCongressionalofficesPleasegiveanexampleforyouranswer.WhatroledopoliticalactioncommitteesplayinacampaignforpublicofficeAccordingtotheauthorofthestudy,onwhatbasisshouldthepoliticalracefor得分publicofficebeplacedPartWTranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(20%)HowtonegotiateTheUSisanattractivemarket.Itsbusinessculture,whichhasbroughttheworld“shareholdervalue”and“IPOs”,hasbeenleadingcommercialthinkinginrecentyearsandwillcontinuetodoso.ButwhoeverwantstosucceedintheUSneedstoremembertherulesofthegame.USbusinessisdescribedbythelyricsofthesongNewYork,NewYork:“Ifyoucanmakeithere,youcanmakeitanywhere!”Yetaeuphoricapproachtobusinessisbynomeansenough.AlthoughbusinesscommunicationintheUSispleasantandeasygoing,itisatthesametimeruthlesslyfocused.CommunicatingisnaturaltalentofAmericans.Whennegotiatingpartnersmeet,theemphasisisonsmalltalkandsmiling.ThereisliberaluseofasenseofhumourthatismoredirectthanitisintheUK.IfyougiveatalkinAmerica,youshouldspeakinarelaxedwayandwithplentyofjokestocaptureyouraudience'sattention.《英语报刊阅读》试卷(A卷参考答案)PartIReconstructthemessagesofthefollowingheadlinesofnewsstories:(1%foreach,10%)1、Theisthe2、andare3、are4、AishisaPartIIReadthefollowingpassageandanswertheQuestionsA5-34(1%foreach,30%)andB35-44(2%foreach,20%)A:5〜9BDCCD10〜14CDBDA15〜19BACDC20〜24DAABA25〜39BACBD30〜34ACDBCB:35〜39TFTFT40〜44FTTFTPart皿ReadthefollowingpassageandanswerQuestions45〜49(4%foreach,20%)BecausetheHouseofRepresentativesislargelycomposedofwealthymen,andtheygetelectednotontheirmerit,butontheirmoney.Thecourtdecisionoutlawedlimitsontheamountthatacandidatecouldgivetohisowncampaign.Atthesametimeitupheldlimitsonamountscontributedbyoutsiders.Yes.TaketheCongressionalelectionin1984forexample,onlytwowomengotelected.Theyplayaveryimportantroletoh