上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2006年9月

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2006年9月 一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ） 第1题 Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U. S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is "birthright citizenship" —provided for since the Constitution's 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States." Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship. "Most Americans feel it doesn't make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen," said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. "But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they'll claim you're punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn't want to deal with that. \   【正确 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】：答案: 本月，一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅，但是这个提案肯定会重新出台——即使该提案不能成为法律，也会引起激烈的争论。 争论的焦点是“与生俱来的公民权”——自1868年批准的宪法第14条修正案以来就对这一权利做了规定。以获得自由的奴隶为本意而起草的该修正案第一款规定：“凡在美国出生或归化美国、且受美国管辖之人，皆为美国公民。” 国会中的一些保守派以及主张对非法移民进行严厉打击的团体声言，多年来该修正案应用不当，其用意从来就不是理所当然地要给予非法移民的子女公民权。因而，他们宣称通过联邦立法，而不是一条难以达成的宪法修正案，就足以终结与生俱来的公民权。 “大多数美国人认为，非法进入美国的人在美国生儿养女，使新生的子女成为美国的新公民，这是没有道理的，”美国移民改革联合会的发言人说。“但是非法移民的代言人定会小题大做；他们会说你们是在惩罚孩子，因此我料想我们的领导人不会愿意面对这件事情。” [本题分数]： 50.0 分 【答案解析】 二、Reading Comprehension（共20小题,共40.0分）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best. 第1题 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it's no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It's not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can't be forced," says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn't cool. "Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term, says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth. " Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. "The message is that everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleable," says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students' interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, "parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their 'smartness' or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning. " Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. "These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence," says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children's academic performance. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. "The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions," says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.   Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph? A Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition. B How a baby learns to walk and talk. C Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school. D Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第2题 According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students' ambition to succeed EXCEPT ______. A stimulating them to build up self-confidence B cultivating the attitude of risk taking C enlarging the areas for children to succeed D making them understand their family crisis 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第3题 What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children? A A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student's failure. B Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience. C Looking smart is more important for young people at school. D To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第4题 The word "malleable" in the clause "that their intelligence is malleable," (para. 3) most probably means capable of being ______. A altered and developed B blocked and impaired C sharpened and advanced D replaced and transplanted 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第5题 The expression "to disabuse them of the notion" (para. 4) can be paraphrased as ______. A to free them of the idea B to help them understand the idea C to imbue them with the notion D to inform them of the concept 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第6题 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users' search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government's continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon porn. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often "material that is harmful to minors" might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. "We intend to resist their motion vigorously," said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005 ; the request has been scaled back to one week's worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ's strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don't need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. "We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content," says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search. Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it's possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ's Miller, "I'm assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper [authorities]." Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. "Search is a window into people's personalities," says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. "They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders. \   When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users' search behavior, the major intention is ______. A to protect national security B to help protect personal freedom C to monitor Internet pornography D to implement the Child Online Protection Act 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第7题 Google refused to turn over "its proprietary information"(para. 2) required by DOJ as it believes that ______. A it is not involved in the court case B users' privacy is most important C the government has violated the First Amendment D search terms is the company's business secret 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第8题 The phrase "scaled back to" in the sentence "the request has been scaled back to one week's worth of search queries" (para. 3) can be replaced by ______. A maximized to B minimized to C returned to D reduced to 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第9题 In the sentence "One oddity about the DOJ's strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case." (para. 4), the expression "sink its own case" most probably means that ______. A counterattack the opposition B lead to blocking of porn sites C provide evidence to disprove the case D give full ground to support the case 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第10题 When Kurt Opsahl says that "They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders. "(para. 5), the expression "Big Brother" is used to refer to ______. A a friend or relative showing much concern B a colleague who is much more experienced C a dominating and all-powerful ruling power D a benevolent and democratic organization 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第11题 On New Year's Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa's perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders' traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan dry-lands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries' national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists' herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion's share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bank and USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn't work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions, that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa's dry-lands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa's herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, founders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths. This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products, there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world's interests to help out.   Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage? A Forcing Africa's nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought. B The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people. C The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought. D Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa's pastoralism. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第12题 The word "encapsulates" in the sentence "Their plight encapsulates Africa's perennial problem with drought and famine." (para. 2) can be replaced by ______. A concludes B involves C represents D aggravates 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第13题 What is the author's attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism? A Neutral and indifferent. B Sympathetic and understanding. C Critical and vehement. D Subjective and fatalistic. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第14题 When the author writes "the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. " (para. 5), he implies all of the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not ______. A have an objective view of the situation in Africa B understand the unpredictable weather systems there C feel themselves superior in decision making D care about the development of the local people 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第15题 The author's main purpose in writing this article is ______. A to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists B to give suggestions on the support for the traditional pastoralism in Africa C to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism D to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agencies 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第16题 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn's moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet's fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water. If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA's proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency's overall spending plan for science, it's a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe. A 50-percent cut "is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut" in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush's vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today's issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a "radical conclusion," acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, "we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments" that might have rolled out the welcome mat "for living organisms," she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn's neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys. If water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn't be "luxuriant," notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. still, he adds, it's premature to cross the moon off the list of possible "outposts" for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cuts. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say. One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA's program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results. One of the biggest successes over the program's 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles. "NASA's made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It's a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries," Dr. Solomon says. "It would be regrettable to stop that experiment. \   According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ______. A Europa, Titan, Earth's moon and Mars B Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus C Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus D Earth's moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第17题 When the author says "The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. " (para. 3), he most probably means that the discovery ______. A greatly discourages scientists B leads to the cutting of NASA's budget C causes much doubt and argument D brings scientists both good and bad news 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第18题 When Scan Solomon says a 50-percent cut m NASA's fiscal budget for 2007 in its astrobiology program "is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut"(para. 4), he most probably means that ______. A the program will go ahead as scheduled B it will be next to impossible to continue the research C the research will continue, but with much difficulty D the program will be delayed unless the budget cut is stopped 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第19题 According to the passage, one of the biggest successes over the program's 10-year history is manifested by ______. A the advance in space probing technology B the strong and smooth multi-disciplinary cooperation C the great progress with small investment D the discovery of life on some of the planets in the solar system 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 第20题 Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage? A Discovery of liquid water on a moon of Saturn B President Bush's vision for space exploration C Water discovery vs. NASA budget cuts D Budget cut for fiscal 2007. A puzzling issue for NASA 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：2.0分 【答案解析】 三、Chinese-English Translation（本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into English . ） 第1题 Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不凌弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。 今天，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。   【正确答案】： 答案: The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to cordiality, benevolence, and good neighborliness and laid stress on living in harmony with others. In foreign relations, the Chinese people have always believed that "the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor" and advocated that "all nations live side by side in perfect harmony. "The Chinese hold that "one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers" and call for drawing upon the strength and useful experiences of other people. Today, China commits itself firmly to peaceful development. It will accelerate its development by upholding world peace and promote world peace through its own development. China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is eager to embrace everything that is useful and draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and promote the building of a harmonious world characterized by enduring peace and common prosperity. [本题分数]： 50.0 分 【答案解析】 none、四（共Spot Dictation小题,20共分）30.0 第1题 Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you (3) . It can go against all the rules, and change the same (4) . Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a (6) way of life, puI1 out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking (8) . Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like if (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has (10) . Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, (11) . Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and (12) rise! Play is known (13) . Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and (14) . With regular play, our problem-solving and (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and (17) to our daily living. Play can (18) , curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a "hands-on" and "minds-on" learning process. It produces a deeper, (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out (20) .       【正确答案】： 答案:freedom and connection [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-20 Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of freedom and connection that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the top five benefits of play here. Play can stimulate you to think differently. It can go against all the rules, and change the same old boring way of doing things. Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to oppose the common wisdom changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a fixed and boring way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and invite your inner child out and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking shifts to new worlds of discovery. Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like if every human spent time each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has brought a smile to your face. Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, and a feeling of inner peace. Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and watch your joy factor rise! Play is known to reduce stress. Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and basic to human existence. With regular play, our problem-solving and adaptive abilities will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose healthy answers to challenging situations as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and add a feeling of relaxation to our daily living. Play can stimulate the imagination, curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a "hands-on" and "minds-on" learning process. It produces a deeper, more meaningful understanding of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out various possible situations. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:top five benefits [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:to think differently [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:old boring way of doing things [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:oppose the common wisdom [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:fixed and boring [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:invite your inner child out [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:shifts to new worlds of discovery [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:every human spent time [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:brought a smile to your face [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第11题 【正确答案】： 答案:and a feeling of inner peace [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第12题 【正确答案】： 答案:watch your joy factor [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第13题 【正确答案】： 答案:to reduce stress [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第14题 【正确答案】： 答案:basic to human existence [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第15题 【正确答案】： 答案:adaptive abilities [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第16题 【正确答案】： 答案:healthy answers to challenging situations [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第17题 【正确答案】： 答案:add a feeling of relaxation [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第18题 【正确答案】： 答案:stimulate the imagination [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第19题 【正确答案】： 答案:more meaningful understanding [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 第20题 【正确答案】： 答案:various possible situations [本题分数]： 1.5 分 【答案解析】 五、Listening Comprehension （共20小题,共20.0分）In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 第1题   A In Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old. B In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago. C All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly. D Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-5 F: New studies are proving that more and more Americans are living way beyond their expectations, into their eighties or nineties and even into a second century. M: Sounds very interesting. F: So then, we decided to get a first-hand look into this incredible group of senior citizens, the oldest old, centenarians, individuals who are over 100. We decided to visit a unique village whose 150 elderly residents, 90% of whom are over 85, live independently in small apartments. Last June we spent a lovely sunny afternoon at Cherry Blossoms Village in Baltimore, Maryland. There we met with the director of the village and had the opportunity to speak with a few of the remarkable centenarians living there. M: According to recent statistics, the number of centenarians is growing rapidly. There are estimated to be more than 3,600 centenarians in the United States, which is double the number 10 years ago. If you were born 100 years ago you had 1 in 400 chance of becoming a centenarian, but if you were born in 1980, you had 1 in 87 chance. And by the year 2080, you'll have 1 in 40 chance. F: Yes. I just read some fascinating new research done by some scientists in Georgia who studied 96 non-institutionalized, independent centenarians. They wanted to discover what the real secrets were to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old. They were quite surprised by what they found. Most people believe diet, exercise, and genetics are the common threads among most centenarians. However, they were not among the traits that all of these individuals had in common. M: OK then ... What were the common themes? What did the scientists find out? F: Well, they uncovered four themes that all 96 of their centenarians had in common. These were optimism, engagement or commitment to something they were interested in, activity or mobility, and the strength to adapt to loss. All four of these themes were pervasive among the oldest old they studied. M: I was told that they have centenarians living in that Baltimore village who have unconventional hobbies such as competitive swimming, auto racing, and horseback riding. Is this the norm? F: Well ... no, not exactly ... not all of them take it quite this far, but all of our residents do some sort of regular physical activity. M: And what about diet? F: They found that the centenarians they studied had the highest calorie intake and ate the largest amount of fat. M: Well, when speaking with the centenarians in the village, what do they tell you about diet and nutrition? I mean, do they offer advice about good eating habits and nutrition that may help someone live longer? F: Oh, all of them basically do something different. Some of them eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet. But others suggest everyone eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have a large portion of sweet pork every day. The nutritionist must be totally baffled as to why some of the centenarians can defy good nutritional rules and get away with it. M: Earlier you mentioned that the Georgian researchers found that the ability to cope with loss is another characteristic that healthy centenarians share. F: Yes, exactly! If you live to be 100 you are bound to lose a lot. It's natural. Most of our centenarians have lost a spouse, children, and siblings. Many have lost their peer group as well. But in spite of this, they are able to incorporate that loss in a positive way so they can go on with their lives. M: One final question about the centenarians. So if I want to live to be 100, what would they suggest I do? F: I guess most of them would suggest that you work hard, stay busy, and always find something to laugh about. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the dialogue? 第2题   A Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments. B Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the "oldest old” people. C What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia? D What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old? 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What did the scientists in Georgia want to find out? 第3题   A Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics. B Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss. C The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics. D Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] According to the researches, what were the four main themes or characteristics that all of the 96 centenarians have in common? 第4题   A The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake. B The centenarians basically eat something different. C The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet. D The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Scientists in Georgia studied centenarians' diets. What did they find? 第5题   A Work hard. B Stay busy. C Stick to a balanced diet. D Always find something to laugh about. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] The centenarians offer suggestions about living to be 100. Which of the following is NOT one of their suggestions? 第6题   A Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century. B Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa. C Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power. D The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 6-10 Disease spread by global warming could kill an extra 185 million people in Africa by the middle of the century and turn millions more into refugees unless rich nations take action now, a report said yesterday. Christian Aid said rich developed countries had to end their dependence on fossil fuels and set aside large sums of aid to help poorer nations ride out the worst impacts of global warming and switch to energy sources like wind, solar and waves. Most scientists agree that global warming is a result of burning fossil fuels for transport and power, and new calculations suggest that having risen by 1.6 degrees in the 20th century, global temperatures could surge 3 degrees by 2050. Seoul South Korea will indict the chairman of the Hyundai Motor group today over a cash-for-favors scandal, a spokesman for the Supreme Prosecutors' Office said yesterday. Analysts are concerned that the probe could create a leadership vacuum at the country's top car maker and derail its ambitions to become the fifth biggest company in the world's auto industry by 2010, since Chung Mong-koo, the chairman, is said to take a strong role in day-to-day management of the group. The chairman was arrested on April 28 over allegations of misusing company funds linked to a bribery scandal, involving suspected slush funds used to offer cash for political favors via a lobbyist. Jakarta Indonesia raises alert status to the highest level; thousands living nearby moved to shelters in safe areas. Grey ash covered crop fields and hundreds of rooftops in the area of Ketep, 10 kilometers from the base of the mountain, and many houses appeared deserted after residents evacuated. Not everyone was gone. Some people cleaned ash off their houses and others opened shops. Commercial mini-buses continued to run. The mountain has exploded already. The head of the volcano research center in the region cautioned, however, that Merapi's eruption process could be gradual rather than a sudden burst, and that the massive eruption had yet to come. He was reluctant to forecast whether the Situation would get worse. The hot clouds stretched for 4 kilometers, while as a comparison during an eruption in 1994 they reached 6 kilometers before a deadly rain of material started falling. London Britain is considering introducing compulsory lessons on "core British values" for children in response to last July's suicide bomb attacks on London, the government said yesterday. Education Minister Bill Rammell said a six-month review would examine whether all 11 to 16-years old should be taught about issues such as freedom of speech, civic responsibility, and democracy and how, historically, they have developed in Britain. The proposal comes in response to the attacks on London on July 7 when four Britons blew up themselves and 52 commuters on the capital's transport system. Moscow Russia's top prosecutor urged law enforcement authorities to do a better job fighting organized crime, saying it is becoming a national security threat. Vladimir Ustinov's remarks yesterday followed a series of high-level dismissals that President Vladimir Putin said were part of an effort to curb corruption. "Today we are forced to acknowledge that the spread and scale of organized crime in Russia is taking on the character of a national threat," Ustinov told representatives of law enforcement agencies in televised comments. Organized crime groups are active "in all large cities without exception, and have penetrated into most towns," he said, reading from a report. 6. What does the report say about the impact produced by global warming? 第7题   A Taking bribes. B Creating a leadership vacuum at the country's top car maker. C Misusing company funds for personal spending. D Offering cash for political favors. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] For what will the chairman of the Hyundai Motor group in South Korea he prosecuted tomorrow? 第8题   A The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety. B The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades. C All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated. D The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Which of the following statements best describes the situation concerning the volcano eruption in Indonesia? 第9题   A 6 to 7. B 8 to 10. C 11 to 16. D 17 to 25. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What age group should be taught compulsory lessons, on "core British values", according to Britain's Education Minister? 第10题   A Curbing high-level corruption. B Fighting organized crime. C Investigating convictions of criminals. D Surveying the threats to national security. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What did Russia's top prosecutor urge law enforcement departments to do? 第11题   A A wine taster. B A master water taster. C The host of the show. D The engineer who works on the water treatment plant. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 11-15 W: "Flinty, insouciant, aggressive." The fine, sometimes funny, language of wine-tasting. "Saucy, a bit piquant. " Last weekend in Berkley Springs, West Virginia, words like these were spoken about municipal tap water. At the annual Toast to the Tap, water drawn straight from the faucets of thirty-one municipalities competed to see which was best. One criterion, an absence of taste. On the line to discuss the Zen of water tasting, the water master for Toast to the Tap, Arthur Brown. Tell us who the winner was this year; we're dying to know. M: Well, actually, this year was amazing because this is the sixth annual event, and every year there's been different municipal waters that have been submitted. One that has been consistently successful has been Atlantic City, and it did again this year, it came in first place. It's the third time it's come in first place. W: What explains that? M: I spoke to the engineer out there who works on the water treatment plant, and he said that he runs the water through a very large amount of activated carbon filters, which remove almost all chlorine and other chemical tastes from the water. W: How did the judges describe the Atlantic City water? Did they say, "Nothing, nothing, nothing; here's the winner"? M: Actually, they went a little better than that. They said, you know, "This is very decent water. I could use this as my daily drinking water." W: Wow. M: Some people found it to be lively and fresh-tasting; they said it had a good balance. It seemed to be a very pleasing water compared to the ones that were high in chlorine, that tasted like jumping in the swimming pool with your mouth open. W: You train the judges in these contests. Tell the main thing that a water taster needs to know. M: Primarily what they do is, they want to look for, as you said, the absence of things. You don't want to see color in your water, to begin with, or anything floating in your water. Then they'll do an aroma check. They'll take three short sniffs, at the top of the glass of the water sample, and they're looking for any kind of aromas. Of course, some that are usually common are chlorine, which is from the chemicals used in water treatment.., sometimes you can smell iron or sulfur that come into water. Again, if you have anything, if you detect anything, then those would be off-marks, then they go into the taste evaluation process. W: Is good drinking water also good water to take baths in? And another question? and this is one dear to my editor's heart? is it good for boiling pasta in? M: Water does have an impact in things like bathing, and, sure boiling pasta anything could influence the quality of your end product. Certainly tea is another example. One lady, who lives here in Santa Barbara part-time, once said that her Santa Barbara tap water turns her Chinese tea into mud. W: Vow. You now have some water in front of you. Take a sip and describe it to us, will you? M: The taste, unfortunately, is not what you'd have for in a glass of water. I'm getting a mustiness, a swampiness, coming through right away. 11. Who is the man being interviewed in the program? 第12题   A Berkeley Springs. B Santa Barbara. C Atlantic City. D Sacramento. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Who was the winner in the municipal tap water competition this year? 第13题   A Being saucy and piquant. B Tasting sweet. C A certain amount of minerals. D An absence of taste. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What's the criterion for testing the tap water mentioned in the interview? 第14题   A Looking smelling tasting. B Tasting smelling looking. C Smelling looking tasting. D Tasting looking smelling. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What is the sequence of testing the tap water in the competition? 第15题   A Bathing. B Boiling pasta in. C Swimming. D Making tea. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] According to the interviewee, water does have an impact in several things. Which of the following is NOT one of the things he mentions? 第16题   A Enhance reading and math skills. B Increase the students' appreciation of nature. C Improve math, but not reading skills. D Develop reading, but not math skills. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 16-20 Just how music enhances mathematical skills is unknown, h may be by the more general effect of increasing self-esteem, or maybe something neurological happens in the brain, or maybe, psychologist Andrea Halpern from Bucknell University suggests, these children are learning how to learn. Most schools offer music and art classes to give students a well-rounded education. New research indicates those classes may do more for students than just give them an appreciation of the arts. According to a study in tomorrow's issue of the journal Nature, studying music and art can significantly advance a child's reading skills and especially boost math proficiency. A class of six-year-olds getting a special music lesson, part of a special arts program that researcher Martin Gardiner and his colleagues at the music school in Rhode Island designed for several elementary schools in the state. They started out wanting to see the impact of arts training in some first— and second-grade kids. So, some classrooms had an extra hour of this special arts curriculum incorporated into their normal school week. And other classrooms getting the standard curriculum in the arts, which was pretty standard for Rhode Island and rather representative of the country as a whole. The standard curriculum gave students music lessons twice a month and art lessons twice a month. The typical music lesson tended to be somewhat passive. Students listened to the tapes and concerts and talked about music in class. In contrast, the special arts classes met twice weekly and got students actively involved as a way to teach them the basic building blocks. The kinds of skills that they are learning in these grades are.., in music, they're learning to sing together properly, sing together on pitch, sing together in rhythm; and in visual arts, they're learning to draw shapes and deal with colors and forms, and so forth. A very interactive, experiential approach that took advantage of children's natural inclination to master enjoyable tasks and build upon sequential skills. And at the end of seven months, all the kids in the school took standardized tests, and we looked not only how these teachers rated the kids on attitude and so forth, but also how the kids scored on their tests. And here's what the researchers found. First of all, those kids who'd entered the first grade toward the bottom of the class in reading and then received the special arts program for the year had now caught up to the average in reading. And that in itself is wonderful. But, in addition, they were now statistically ahead in learning math, dramatically ahead in math, compared to the kids who had not received the special arts classes throughout the year. The researchers found also that the kids who continued their special arts classes for a second year continued to improve in math. 16. What can music and art education do, according to a recent study? 第17题   A To help the students appreciate the arts. B To make the students' education more well-rounded. C To investigate the impact of arts training. D To enhance the students' math skills. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What was the purpose of the special arts program in Rhode Island? 第18题   A Once weekly. B Twice weekly. C Once a month. D Twice a month. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] How often did the standard curriculum give students music lessons? 第19题   A Six months. B Seven months. C Eight months. D Nine months. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] How long did the special arts program last? 第20题   A The children's attitude. B The children's test scores. C Both the children's attitude and test scores. D Both the teachers' and the children's attitude. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] What did the researchers check at the end of the test period? none、六（共Sectence Translation 小题,5共分）15.0 第1题 【正确答案】： 答案: 让我们来定义一下这两个术语。//首先，服务经济是指大多数从业人员的工作是为别人提供服务——//比如为汽车加油，而不是从事制造。 [本题分数]： 3.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Let'sdefine both of these terms. First, a service economy is one in which most workers provide services—that is, they do something, like pumping gas into people's cars, for example, instead of making something. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案: 我认为，家庭作业无论对老师还是学生来说都是沉重的负担。//减少作业量将会为学生、家长和老师创造出更多直接交流的机会。 [本题分数]： 3.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Frommy perspective, homework often is a significant burden for both teachers and students. Reducing the amount of homework would create far more opportunities for direct interaction between students, parents, and teachers. 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案: 2000年到2005年间，美国的失业形势稳步改善。//2000年，失业率几乎达到8%，//而2005年则降到了略高于4%。 [本题分数]： 3.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] The unemployment situation for men in the USA steadily improved between 2000 and 2005. In 2000, the rate of unemployment stood at almost eight percent, but fell to just over four percent in 2005. 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案: 专家预测，在21世纪，交通运输技术将有很多革新。//我们现有的各种交通工具今后仍将被广泛使用，//但其设计、材料和技术将会有很大变化。 [本题分数]： 3.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] According to experts, we can expect many changes in transportation technology in the twenty-first century. All the forms of transportation we use today will still be popular, but they will be very different in design, materials, and technology. 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案: 仅去年一年，入室盗窃损失就高达1亿3千8百20万英镑，//比上一年增长27%，//致使一些保险公司拒绝为我们所谓的“高风险地区”提供盗窃险。 [本题分数]： 3.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Last year alone household burglary losses rose by 27 per cent over the previous year to 138.2 million pounds, and some insurance companies are refusing to provide burglary cover in what we might call high-risk areas. none、七（共Passage Translation 小题,2共分）15.0 第1题 【正确答案】： 答案: 现在，由于许多政治界和商界的领导人都把我们的教育体系视为教学生技能、从而能有效参与劳动力市场的关键，//因此学校承受着巨大的压力。//他们认为劳动力市场更趋国际化和竞争性。//不幸的是，这种竞争日益激烈。//因此，学校和老师的压力常常被转移到了学生和父母的身上。//学生们面对的考试越来越多，老师们似乎在枪口下工作。//为了达到这些强化的要求，布置更多的家庭作业常常被看作解决问题的主要方法之一。 [本题分数]： 7.5 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Right now, schools are under extraordinary pressure because many political and business leaders view our educational system as crucial in giving student skills that will allow them to be more effective participants in the job market. They view the job market as increasingly internationalized and ever more competitive. Unfortunately, the competition is getting daily intensified. Thus, the pressures on schools and teachers often have been passed on to students and parents. Students are tested more and teachers are under the gun. To meet these intensified requirements, more homework often is seen as one of the key solutions. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案: 针对女性的家庭暴力在发达国家和发展中国家都存在。//长久以来，家庭暴力在邻居、社区和政府等旁观者看来一直是私事。//但这样的私事正趋向于成为公开的悲剧。//在美国，每18分钟就有一名女性遭到殴打。//事实上，家庭暴力是美国育龄女性遭受伤害的首要原因。//22%～35%去急诊室求诊的女性正是因为这个原因而去求诊的。//在哥伦比亚以及其他一些南美国家，70%的报警的罪案都与女性被丈夫殴打有关。 [本题分数]： 7.5 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Violence against women in the family occurs in developed and developing countries alike. It has long been considered a private matter by bystanders - including neighbors, the community and government. But such private matters have a tendency to become public tragedies. In the United States, a woman is beaten every 18 minutes. Indeed, domestic violence is the leading cause of injury among women of reproductive age in the United States. Between 22 and 35% of women who visit emergency rooms are there for that reason. In Columbia and some other South American countries, 70 percent of all crimes reported to the police involve women beaten by their husbands. none、八（共Note-taking And Gap-filling 小题,20共分）20.0 第1题 The doctor-patient relationship is one of the (1) relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond (2) . Can this relationship be saved? The answer is (3) yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is (4) . In part the crisis in medicine began with doctors (5) themselves from patients. The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human (6) . (7) is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that (8) of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another (9) comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple (10) tests, and 5% comes from all the complex (11) . So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a (12) . But some doctors think listening is (13) . They like to use complex and costly (14) , and use (15) that create adverse reactions and require (16) . They don't like to listen. Because there's no premium on listening and that there's no (17) for listening. Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not (18) saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with (19) . If you don't care for a (20) , be somebody else, but don't be a doctor!       【正确答案】： 答案:critical. [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-20 Well, my topic today is the doctor-patient relationship. If you come in and the doctor doesn't shake your hand, the doctor doesn't meet your eye, the doctor is looking at the clock, the telephone is ringing, and the secretary is coming in, this is not a doctor you can have a healing relationship with. Can you say to him, "Doctor, put that phone down; you're looking at me"? It's not likely that you will choose such doctors. All of us may have to see the doctor sometimes. We know the symptoms in what calls itself the best medical system in the world: the receptionist is more interested in our insurance than in our pain... We can often feel that our examination, such as it is, is being conducted by that blinking machinery. What we're missing is the educated touch, the cocked head of a real doctor listening to your heartbeat, listening for your spirit. Without that human recognition, as one patient said, I'm nothing but my illness. I'm talking about one of the critical relationships in life, a relationship which many people would say is beyond saving. This doctor-patient relationship, can this thing be saved? Is this the last requiem for a dying breed? Or should we call young doctors to a new standard? Can it be done? The answer is categorically yes, because it must. Because otherwise we can't get medicine. Because medicine is not merely science, medicine is not only curing, but it's also healing. And healing requires the type of medicine that we are espousing. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is deprofessionalized; and that is what we're aiming to halt. In part the crisis in medicine began with doctors distancing themselves from patients. The more critical work of a doctor happens not from lab tests, not from anything that you can measure with a needle, or a number, but in the taking of the human history. Which is, of course, one of the patient's biggest—I mean, we're all longing for somebody to take our history and see it whole—mind, body, spirit—well or ill. Listening is the most important and most difficult single transaction. Most difficult, because it takes time. There is no substitute. And the moment you start by not giving time, you cannot listen. And listening is not merely with the ears. listening is with your total being. And the fact of the matter is, the studies, carried out in Britain and other places, show that 75% of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another 10% comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple laboratory tests, and 5% comes from all the complex technology that you're launched against, and sometimes for, the patient. So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a relationship. But some doctors think listening is inefficient. Because if you get all the information in this least costly way, immediately, you don't have to report to numerous specialists, and you don't have to engage in complex and costly technologies, you don't launch drugs that create adverse reactions and require hospitalization and a whole array of consequentialities ensue. So the doctor sees the patient for ten minutes, the doctor focuses on only one thing—the chief complaint. And the chief complaint may have nothing to do with what brings the patient to the doctor. This type of doctoring is essential, because 80% of all problems that come to doctors are trivial. The problem is, the doctor isn't there, because the doctor doesn't want to listen. He's afraid to listen, he doesn't know how to listen, he hasn't been trained how to listen, there's no premium on listening, there's no reward for listening. Even so, the d0ctor-patient relationship is not beyond saving. I'm an incorrigible optimist, because time and time again, the American people, if they begin to understand what good health is all about, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with caring. If you don't care for a patient, be somebody else, but don't be a doctor! 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:saving [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:categorically [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:deprofessionalized [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:distancing [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:history [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:Listening [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:75% [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:10% [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:laboratory/ lab [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第11题 【正确答案】： 答案:technology [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第12题 【正确答案】： 答案:relationship [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第13题 【正确答案】： 答案:inefficient [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第14题 【正确答案】： 答案:technologies [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第15题 【正确答案】： 答案:drugs [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第16题 【正确答案】： 答案:hospitalization [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第17题 【正确答案】： 答案:reward [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第18题 【正确答案】： 答案:beyond [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第19题 【正确答案】： 答案:caring [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 第20题 【正确答案】： 答案:patient [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 none、九（共Reading Test小题,10共分）50.0 第1题 In the 5,000 years since Ancient Egyptians experimented with scented plants, aromatherapy has been credited with a plethora of powers. Today it is a multimillion-pound industry, recognized as effective by three quarters of the adult population and hailed as a cure for problems from nicotine addiction to baldness. But aromatherapy could be little more than an illusion, psychologists argue. Neil Martin, from Middlesex University, a specialist in the psychology of olfaction, has a less polite word for it. "bunkum". Dr. Martin enlisted 60 volunteers and subjected them all to experimentally induced pain by getting them to plunge their forearms into ice-cold water for 15 minutes. A third of participants were exposed to a pleasant lemon odour, a third to the odour of machine oil and the rest were in an odourless room. They were asked to rate the amount of pain they felt on a scale of 0 (painless) to 11 (unbearable) every five minutes. At the first time of asking, those exposed to an odour reported significantly higher pain levels, with a score of 8 for both groups, than the control group, which had an average of 6. After 15 minutes the pain level of the no-odour group had fallen to 5. Among the lemon-odour group it had fallen to 6, while for the machine oil group it remained at 8. Dr. Martin said his findings showed not merely that aromatherapy had no effect but that it could be positively harmful. "Aromatherapy appears to be counter-productive. Most claims by aroma therapists have no basis in science," he said. "The effect it has on real hard illnesses are non-existent. It is a waste of time and money. Exposure to both odours increased the pain. It could be that the odours had a stimulant effect and drew attention to the pain because it made the experience of being in the room with the bucket of water more noticeable. " He accepted, however, that aromatherapy may have a powerful placebo effect. "People going to aromatherapy have a mental problem or a physical disorder that they want to have treated and the belief that they want to get better can overcome the inefficacy of the treatment," he said. He added that previous research into aromatherapy had been largely inconclusive. Dr. Martin's research, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Cardiff, comes after the release of a study last week claiming that spinal manipulation, another popular form of complementary medicine, did not work and could make matters worse. Both papers are highly contentious. The British public now spends more than ￡24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils, and 75 per cent of the population believe that the treatment works. Carole Preen, the secretary of the Aromatherapy Consortium, disputed Dr. Martin's findings. "This research didn't involve aromatherapy because they simply used a certain smell to try and gain an effect. Aromatherapy is not a cure and no one would ever make that claim, but there is a wealth of scientific research published in journals to show that it can be beneficial. It can lift mood, alleviate pain and helps very many people," she said. WHAT'S IN A SMELL ·The British public spends more than 24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils ·75 per cent of the population believes that the treatment works ·Aromatherapy had been hailed as a cure for problems ranging from nicotine addiction to baldness ·The Prince of Wales is a fan. Peterborough prison last year hired two holistic therapists for its inmates ·There are 7,000 therapists registered with the Aromatherapy Organisations Council ·Hammersmith Hospital, in West London, offers aromatherapy massages for NHS cancer patients   What is aromatherapy? 【正确答案】： 答案: use of scented plants in a number of ways / as a cure or treatment for human illnesses or physical problems / including nicotine addiction and baldness/ today a "multimillion pound industry"/traditionally considered to have "a plethora of powers\ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第2题 What is Dr. Martin's view over aromatherapy? Give a brief introduction of his experiment. 【正确答案】： 答案: Give a brief introduction of his experiment the therapy might be an "illusion"/ "bunkum"("foolish talk" "nonsense") / it has no effect / can be "positively harmful"/ "a waste of time and money"/"counter-productive" / with only a "placebo effect"()/in his experiment, volunteers were exposed to three situations with lemon odour, the odour of machine oil and odourless room respectively/later asking them to "plunge their forearms" into ice-cold water for 15 minutes/ + rate the degree of pain they felt every five minutes/ difference in + changes of pain levels considered to reveal whether aromatherapy effective or not / [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第3题 What is Carole Preen's opinion of Dr. Martin's research? 【正确答案】： 答案: In Preen's opinion, Dr. Martin's research not directly related to aromatherapy/ the conclusion not convincing as they "simply used a certain smell to try and gain an effect"/ she also means that the presupposition of "aromatherapy is a cure" does not exist as no people would "make that claim\ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第4题 When pastor Ken Baugh announced he'd be devoting eight consecutive Sundays to analyzing The Da Vinci Code in the run-up to its film release, he knew some members of his Southern California megachurch would be skeptical. But Baugh also knew that many of his congregants had read the book and that many more would see the movie. "Dan Brown did the church a favor," Baugh says. "He forced people who call themselves followers of Christ to investigate what that really means. " Baugh is hardly alone. Evangelical leaders have attempted to seize on Brown's success as an opportunity to reinforce the faith of believers and to win new souls. In the three years since the book's release, evangelical writers and thinkers have produced a flurry of books, study guides, and DVDs to counter Dan Brown's fiction. "This movie will be a major cultural phenomenon, so discussions about Jesus and the church will happen," says Robert Johnston, a professor of theology and culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. "The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation." Turnabout. To be sure, evangelical leaders have been critical of The Da Vinci Code. "This has all the evidence of something cooked up in the fires of hell," evangelical radio broadcaster James Dobson said on Focus on the Family. It's because the book and film pose such a threat, many evangelicals say, that it warrants a strong response. "We're making the best of a situation that is going to do a lot of damage," says Erwin Lutzer of Chicago's Moody Church and author of The Da Vinci Deception. "When you are faced with a dam that seems to be breaking, you can't prop it up by saying, 'We're going to stand against it.'" It's a remarkable turnabout from the outcry that greeted Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, in 1988, when Campus Crusade for Christ called for a boycott. Rather than boycott The Da Vinci Code, Campus Crusade has retained popular evangelical speaker Josh McDowell, author of The Da Vinci Code: A Quest for Answers, to challenge Brown's assertions. "I don't recommend people go to the movie, but 90 percent of them will," says McDwell. "The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can't take that away from him." The reaction represents a shift within the evangelical community. "Five years ago, there might have been more of a backlash against this film," says Calvin College Prof. William Romanowski. "But movies like The Passion of the Christ changed attitudes.., evangelicals are now trying to penetrate the mainstream media." Sony Pictures, which is distributing The Da Vinci Code, has created an online forum for religious leaders to discuss the film, the davincidialogue, com. Sony may be betting that even critical comments will generate buzz, but evangelicals say they also stand to benefit. "The real history of Christianity ... is far more complex" than in The Da Vinci Code, writes the Christian Broadcasting Network's Gordon Robertson. "[It's] filled with enough flesh and blood to make it a better story than the one Dan Brown invented. " 4. What is pastor Ken Baugh's attitude towards the novel The Da Vinci Code? What does he mean by saying that "Dan Brown did the church a favor"? 5. Why did the author mention Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ? What is the change in the evangelical community's reaction to The Da Vinci Code? 6. Paraphrase the two sentences from the passage: a) "The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation. "(para. 2) b) "The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can't take that away from him. "(para. 4)   【正确答案】： 答案: not only critical but also "positive" + realistic / make use of the book / to popularize the knowledge of Christianity/ force Christen believers "to investigate what that really means"/the book can also be used by the church/ to strengthen the belief of Christian believers and to attract more "new souls\ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案: the remarkable difference between the response to the publication of the two books/ change of attitude towards the publication of such books/when The Last Temptation of Christ was published, they just "called for a boycott"/ today no longer simply "boycott"/take critical + challenging 47 persuasive attitude/to use the book to spread the belief of Christianity/ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案: the author is successful/influential after the publication of his book(s) and the release of the film / with large numbers of readers and audience/ such factor(s) should not be neglected / much attention be paid to the popularity of the book in countering + challenging Brown's claims and assertions/ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第7题 As they do every week, the 90 members of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity at Oregon State University file into their dining hall for a very different kind of frat party. The rows of scrubbed and pressed young men sit down to eat under the watchful eye of the brother who is acting as manners chair. No swearing is permitted. Napkins on laps are required. Small bites are urged instead of gulps. Scofflaws must do penalty push-ups or pay a fine into the piggy bank in the middle of each table. Call it the new fratiquette, but these weekly civility sessions are just a small part of a growing reform movement led by SigEp, the country's largest fraternity. As colleges continue to crack down on binge drinking, hazing and general hooliganism, some fraternities are redefining the Greek experience in order to save it. Oregon State's is among the 256 SigEP chapters nationwide that have adopted the Balanced Man Program, an intensive four-year fraternity experience created 13 years ago by concerned SigEp leaders to shift the center of life in the houses from beer-soaked blowouts to activities that promote healthy living and self-respect. To eliminate hazing, the program does away with the pledge system—all recruits are equal members from Day One. Alcohol is allowed, but booze-free activities are encouraged. The SigEps of Oregon State were a long way from such genteel pursuits just five years ago. At a school that offers a degree in fermentation sciences, the SigEps of old stood out for their love of inebriation. "When I got here in 2001, it was awful," says Mike Powers, 20, a senior. "Drugs were coming in, grades were falling. There were nothing but monster parties." The chapter hit bottom that fall when a single party resulted in a whopping $195,000 in fines for 26 separate counts of providing alcohol to minors. The house needed a fresh start, which led to a purge of partyers in which a third of the brothers left the chapter. "We needed to get rid of the cancers of the fiat," says Powers. Today the chapter, reorganized under the Balanced Man Program, has rebounded. Membership is almost back to prepurge levels, and last summer the chapter won a national SigEp award that placed it in the top 15% in academics and community service of all chapters in the country. But the frat makeovers have their detractors. In the rush to save fraternity life, some say, SigEp and the Balanced Man Program may be ruining it. "Some of my best experiences in college were stupid things I did with my friends, usually involving alcohol," says Kevin Stange, whose SigEp chapter at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was frequently in trouble with the national organization when he was a student in the late 1990s and which eventually closed for several years. "We never went too far, though," says Stange. "And the real reason people join frats is to have fun. Balanced Man doesn't address that." Online chat rooms like greekchat, com are ablaze with debate about the changes. As one SigEp who clearly missed the etiquette lessons wrote, "The [Balanced Man Program] has effectively cut the balls [off] our fraternity. " The number of new SigEp recruits has increased 11% since 1999. Insurance premiums, which have a habit of rising when fiat boys burn down their houses or fail off their balconies, have gone down the past two years. The average GPA for SigEp's members has reached the 3.0 mark, which is the highest of all fraternities. Following SigEp's lead, other national fraternities have rolled out similar programs, from Sigma Alpha Epsilon's True Gentleman to Beta Theta Pi's Men of Principle. According to some members, there's an unexpected bonus from all these reforms: women seem to like them. "They can go to 21 other fraternities to get drunk," says Oregon State SigEp member Cameron Saffer. "Here you find respectful young men. \   Give a brief introduction of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. 【正确答案】： 答案: one of the largest student associations in America/ to organize activities to "promote healthy living and self-respect" of students/ + academic improvement and community service/ recently involved in "reform movement" to cultivate the "new fratiquette" / to provide etiquette lessons/change students' bad behavior and habits [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第8题 Explain the beginning sentence of paragraph 4 "The SigEps of Oregon State were a long way from such genteel pursuits just five years ago.\ 【正确答案】： 答案: five years ago the SigEps of Oregon State were in an "awful" state/ members using drugs/ not studying hard/ general hooliganism/ "monster parties"/ forced to pay fines for illegal behavior/didn't play the positive role of promoting healthy living and self-respect [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第9题 What does the author mean by saying that "the frat makeovers have their detractors" (para. 6)? 【正确答案】： 答案: different opinions towards the reform of the fraternity/ some disagree with the reform movement/hot debate about the change in online chat rooms/holding that such reform program may "ruin" the life of the fraternity/ [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 第10题 Why does the author mention the change of "insurance premiums" at the end of the passage? What does it tell us? 【正确答案】： 答案: insurance premiums often based on the frequency of occurrence of damages + injuries/ rising when more accidents occur/ lowering of insurance premiums showing the positive result of the reform movement/ fewer "fiat boys" involved in accidents (burning down of houses) + physical injuries(falling off balconies) [本题分数]： 5.0 分 【答案解析】 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com