2014年专业八级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(四)

专业八级考前冲刺试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 及答案解析(四) 一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共4小题,共4.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题   The price drop of crude oil is beneficial in that it A helps to revitalize the world economy. B promotes oil export to other nations. C helps to push up the regional economy. D provides an opportunity to the oil exporters. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  The decline in oil prices triggered last week by a row between major world crude producers over output could provide a timely boost to the struggling global economy, analysts believed. Crude prices fell some 15% last Week--bad news for the world's major exporters locked in a nerve-wracking battle for market share, but good news for oil importing western economies that are flirting with recession. However, major importers like the United States, Japan and the European Union do not want oil prices to plunge to pitiful levels. Ridiculously cheap crude oil would present a new set of problems--destabilizing the Middle East and encouraging wasteful use that would aggravate global warming, analysts say. But for now, economic managers in Washington, London and, Tokyo grappling with a testing economic downturn are happy with recent development in crude markets. 第2题 From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washington ______the recent state of crude markets. A are pessimistic about B are indifferent to C have underestimated D are in favor of 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题   How many students were killed in the gunshot? A At least 8. B More that 30. C At least 120. D Not mentioned. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  A Palestinian gunman opened fire in a Jewish religious school in west Jerusalem on Thursday killing at least eight Israeli students. More than 30 others were wounded. It's the deadliest attack in Israel in two years. The UN Security Council convened for an urgent session, but has failed to agree on a presidential statement condemning the Jerusalem attack. Israel says the killings will not derail U.S. -sponsored peace talks. Witnesses say a gunman entered the crowded library study hall of the seminary and opened fire with an automatic weapon -- creating a blood bath. The gunman was later shot dead. Students scrambled to flee the attack, some jumping out of windows. Police across Israel were ordered to boost their alert level for fear of additional attacks. In response to the attack, Israel's Foreign Ministry says the country will never allow terrorism to achieve its goals. Spokesman of Israeli Foreign Ministry said Israel would continue fighting terrorism wherever it is in order to secure peace and stability in this region. Tensions between Israel and Palestinians are high following the recent Israeli military incursions into Gaza, which killed at least 120 Palestinians. In the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, gunmen fired in the air to celebrate the attack. 第4题 Which of the following was NOT true according to the news? A Israel is optimistic about U.S. -sponsored peace talks. B The UN Security Council did not agree on a presidential statement condemning the Jerusalem attack. C Spokesman of Israeli Foreign Ministry said Israel would not tolerate terrorism. D Witness said the gunman committed suicide after the killing. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 二、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 Internet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper J affray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is "pay-per-click' advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares. It works like this. Advertisers bid on keywords that they believe potential customers will be interested in. This enables Internet firms such as Google, the market leader, and Yahoo!, its smaller rival, to display advertisements alongside the results of Internet searches. Somebody searching for a particular type of wine, for example, might see advertisements from wine merchants. Google, Yahoo! and other firms also place ads on affiliates' websites--so wine merchants' advertisements might also appear on a wine-appreciation site. The advertiser pays only when a consumer clicks on an ad; the owner of the website where the ad was displayed then receives a small commission. The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The price per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $ 0.50. But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called "click fraud"--bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firm's advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure. Bill Gross, the entrepreneur who pioneered the pay-per-click model back in 1998, was aware of the problem even then. He installed a three-layered defence system: a filter to weed out clicks from known fraudsters at the outset, statisticians and software to spot suspicious click patterns, and co-operation with advertisers to enable them to analyse the leads generated and sound the alarm if necessary. But generally the industry adopted a rather cavalier attitude to click fraud. Eric Schmidt, the boss of Google, caused uproar a few months ago when he seemed to suggest that the "perfect economic solution" to click fraud was to "let it happen". He was responding to a theoretical question during a debate at Stanford University, but his response reinforced the perception that Google had higher priorities than addressing the problem. Such a flippant attitude has not gone down well with advertisers, who are up in arms about the problem. Some have even resorted to legal action. Google reached a settlement in March with Lane's Gifts and Collectibles, a gift shop based in Arkansas, and agreed to offer refunds to advertisers who claim they have been charged for bogus clicks. Such refunds are capped at $ 90m, however, so many observers think Google got off lightly. And in June Yahoo! promised to intensify its efforts to fight click fraud as part of a settlement with CheckMate, a fraud-detection firm. As well as offering refunds for clicks determined to be fraudulent, Yahoo! agreed to appoint a "traffic-quality advocate" to voice advertisers' concerns within the company. In the wake of these legal challenges, Google and Yahoo! recently joined a working group at the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), which will establish standards for pay-per-click advertising, including the introduction of industry-funded auditing and certification, by the middle of 2009. "I believe Google and Yahoo! are now taking the issue very seriously," says David Jones, chief executive of Euro RSCG, an advertising company. But Rishad Tobaccowala, head of innovation at Publicis, one of the world's biggest advertising groups, says it is too early to say whether the measures being taken against click fraud will be Enough to satisfy advertisers. We can infer from the sentence "And it is still early days" in the first paragraph that A Internet advertising is very promising and profitable. B Internet advertising is newly-developed and problematic. C whether Internet advertising will grow remains a question. D people cannot predict the future of Internet advertising. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干定位至首段。首段指出互联网广告业的发展势头：正在蓬勃发展。之后用数据“该产业的收入已从2001年的96亿美元增加到今年的270亿美元”引出“这才刚刚开始”这句话。之后又指出：互联网广告投入仅占广告业总投入的5%，但今后几年该比例有望至少达到20%。可见，“And it is still early days．”是其上下句之间的过渡句，起到承上启下的作用，由下文可知，互联网广告业将蓬勃发展，利润丰厚，故[A]为答案。这里没有提到该行业存在的问题，排除[B]。本段也没有提及人们对该行业发展前景的质疑或对行业前景的不确定，排除[C]和[D]。 第2题 The word "saddle" in the fourth paragraph probably means A encumber. B charge. C associate. D tie. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义理解题。第四段提到“点击付费”广告中的“点击欺诈”问题，在介绍第二种形式时，指出“点击欺诈”也可用于公司之间的竞争。之后对此做具体解释：点击竞争对手的广告可以让对手…高额的广告费。根据第二段末句对“点击付费”广告盈利模式的解释“只有当客户点击某个广告时，广告商才需要付费，然后刊登广告的网站就会获得一小笔佣金。”可知，点击竞争对手的广告会让其支付高额广告费，故saddle有“负担，承担”之意，而encumber也有此意，故[A]为答案。虽然其他三个动词都可以与with搭配使用，但用在此处与上下文没有明显的语义衔接关系，排除。 第3题 All of the following were taken as measures to guard against click fraud EXCEPT A the collaboration between an enterpriser and advertisers. B the installation of a defense system. C the application of certain software. D the employment of some statisticians. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的click fraud定位至第四段，浏览该段发现没有与各选项相关的内容，则顺延至第五段，该段提到企业家Bill Gross早在1998年首创“点击付费”广告模式时采用的应对“点击欺诈的办法”：他安装了一个三层防护系统，先利用滤过系统将已知的点击欺诈者拒之门外，然后通过统计人员和软件审查可疑的点击样本，最后再会同广告商对得到的购买可能性数据进行分析并在必要时发出警告。可见， [A]、[B]和[C]是文章提到的内容，虽然这里提到statisticians，但是不知道他们的身份如何，是聘用的，还是临时请来帮忙的，[D]为过度推断，故为答案。 第4题 Which of the following adjectives can best summarize advertisers' reaction to Eric Schmidt's let-it-hap pen attitude? A Nonchalant. B Wrathful. C Disdainful. D Repulsive. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干中的Eric Schmidt定位至倒数第三段，浏览该段内容发现该处没有谈及广告商们的反应，顺延至倒数第二段：广告商们根本无法接受这种轻率的态度，他们强烈要求解决点击欺诈问题。有的广告商甚至已经诉诸法律。从up in arms及resorted to legal action可推断，广告商们对Google这种听之任之的态度忍无可忍，开始起诉该公司，故“愤怒的”这个词对他们的态度描述较为准确[B]为答案。nonchalant意为“冷淡的”，与语境矛盾disdainful意为“鄙视的”，这里只提到了他们控告Google，没有提到看不起对方，排除[C]。repulsive意为“讨厌的，冷淡的”，语体色彩不够强烈，与语境吻合度没有wrathful好，排除 [D]。 第5题 In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true gladiators. We're pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT prep courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole don't get in, they're forever doomed. Gosh, we're delusional. I've twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. It's one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids' college pedigrees as trophies attesting to how well--or how poorly--we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we've contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn't matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. It's true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 2.8 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs population growth. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won't be enough trophies to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. "The epicenters of parental anxiety used to be on the coasts: Boston, New York, Washington, Los Angeles, "says Tom Parker, Amherst's admissions dean." But it's radiated throughout the country." Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that's plausible—and mostly wrong. "We haven't found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters," says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co-author of How College Affects Students, an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective schools don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some don't. On two measures--professors' feedback and the number of essay exams—selective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates' lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2 percent to 4 percent for every 100-point increase in a school's average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study by Princeton economist Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale of Mathematica Policy Research examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it's not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isn't life's only competition. In the next competition--the job market, graduate school—the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Krueger studied ad- missions to one lop Ph. D. program. High scores on the Graduate Record Exam helped explain who got in; Ivy League degrees didn't. So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study of students 20 years out found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints. What fires parents' fanaticism is their self-serving desire to announce their own success. Many succumb; I did. I located my ideal school for my daughter. She got in and went elsewhere. Take that, Dad. I located the ideal school for my son. Heck, he wouldn't even visit the place. Pow, Dad. They both love their schools and seem amply stimulated. Foolish Dad. The word "gladiators" in the first paragraph probably means A colossuses. B commanders. C warriors. D gluttons. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义理解题。由gladiator定位至首段。开篇提到college-admissions wars，既然是战争，那么[B]“指挥官”和[C]“战士”都与此相关，排除[A]“巨人”和[D]“贪吃者”。如果gladiator含义是[B]，那么作者就没有必要提到true。正因为 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面上是学生们在互相竞争，争取进入好的学校，实际上家长才是真正的战士， [C]符合语义衔接关系，故为答案。 第6题 The author's attitude to the parents' claim "our motives are selfless and sensible" is one of A antipathy. B apathy. C ambivalence. D dissent. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 态度题。由题干中的motives are selfless and sensible定位至首段。在指出家长让孩子们挤进好大学的现象之后，作者在第二段提出自己的看法。第三句提到：家长让孩子们进人好大学是一种荣誉，证明自己将子女抚育得多么好或多么坏。第四句指出：But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them．可见作者并不认同“our motives are selfless and sensible”的说法，故[D]为答案。排除[A]“憎恨”；[B]“冷漠”；[C]“矛盾”。 第7题 It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that A American youth have fewer choices but to go to elite schools. B the competition for elite schools is fiercer in the United States. C the parents should not put too much pressure on their children. D the children's future will be bleak without going to elite schools. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第四段第三句引用了Tom Parker的话：The epicenters of parental anxiety used to be on the coasts: Boston, New York, Washington, Los Angeles. 这里提到的都是大都市，而现在面临的情况是“But it's radiated throughout the country”，可见竞争是多么激烈，故[B]为答案。此处没有提到学生上好学校是因为选择少，不得已为之，排除[A]。[D]项是下一段中提到的内容，从第四段无法推出，故排除。 第8题 Which of the following statements about selective schools is TRUE? A Selective schools offer better instructional approaches to their students. B There are more essay exams in selective schools than other schools. C Their new teaching methods secure their graduates' high salaries. D They don't outperform other schools in terms of professors' feedback. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的selective schools定位至第五段。该段末句指出：On two measures—professors' feedback and the number of essay exams—selective schools do slightly worse. [D]符合文意，故为答案。[B]与此矛盾，排除。第五句提到Selective schools don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools，排除[A]。[C]与第六段末句“They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools” 不符，排除。 第9题 The author suggests that parents not impose their ambition on their children because A too much pressure might lead to unsatisfactory results. B their own ambition shouldn't be realized by their children. C their children might practice job-hopping frequently. D their children might not share similar interests with them. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的impose ambition定位至倒数第二段。第五句指出：But too much pushiness can be destructive，结合倒数第二句的“graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction”可得出[A]为答案。其他各项均未提及，排除。 第10题 A suitable title for the passage would be A Selective Schools. B Prestige Panic. C Desperate Parents. D Success in the Future. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。开篇指出主旨：家长在孩子大学人学申请过程中全力以赴，争取让孩子上精英学校。接下来提出个人观点：虽然家长打着无私的旗号，在某种程度上却是检验自己抚育子女的成果。第四段、五段分析 prestige panic的原因：让他们接受更好的教育，有更好的人脉。最后几段作者对这种心理现象进行分析，指出错误之处。可见全文主旨是家长逼迫孩子上精英大学，[B]符合文意，故为答案。[A]和[C]是文中提到的部分内容，不能概括主旨，排除。 第11题 The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precise details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: They reward creators for their labor, and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz Liszt and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celebrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse. Copyright provides protection for distribution companies and for a few celebrities, thereby helping to support the industry as currently defined, but it may actually harm the majority of performers. This is comparable to Anatole France's famous irony, "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges." In theory, copyright covers the creations of celebrities and obscurities equally, but only major distribution companies have the resources to defend their property rights in court. In a sense, this is quite fair, because nobody wants to steal unpopular music, but by supporting the property rights of celebrities, copyright strengthens them as a class in contrast to anonymous musicians. Internet music file sharing has become a significant factor in the social lives of children, who download bootleg music tracks for their own use and to give as gifts to friends. If we are to believe one recent poll done by a marketing firm rather than social scientists, 48 of American Internet users aged 12 to 17 had downloaded music files in the past month. In so doing, they violate copyright laws, and criminologists would hypothesize they thereby learn contempt for laws in general. A poll by the Pew Internet and American Life Project found that two-thirds of an estimated 35 million Americans who download music files do not care whether they are copyrighted. Thus, on the level of families, ending copyright could be morally as well as economically advantageous. On a much higher level, however, the culture-exporting nations (notably the United States) could stand to lose, although we cannot really predict the net balance of costs and benefits in the absence of proper research. We do not presently have good cross national data on file sharing or a well-developed theoretical framework to guide research on whether copyright protection supports cultural imperialism versus enhancing the positions of diverse cultures in the global marketplace. It will not be easy to test such hypotheses, and extensive economic research has not conclusively answered the question of whether the patent system really promotes innovation. We will need many careful, sharp-focus studies of well-formed hypotheses in specific industries and sectors of life. For example, observational and interview research can uncover the factors that really promote cultural innovation among artists of various kinds and determine the actual consequences for children of Internet peer-to-peer file sharing. Which of the following statements about intellectual property is NOT true? A Countries may differ in their efforts to protect it. B The author considers its protection well-grounded. C People believe its protection may benefit creators. D The history of its protection has not been long. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的intellectual property定位至首段。末句指出：前面提到的保护知识产权的原因是经验之谈，科学上也可以得到证实，但是在某些领域也可能是不适用的。[B]与文意不符，故为答案。 第12题 Copyright of music may harm the majority of performers in that it A in fact protects a few celebrities. B covers the creations of most people. C forbids the rich as well as the poor. D doesn't allow the mass to steal music. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的music定位至第二段。最后两句就其原因进行分析：只有大的发行公司才有资源上法院以保护自己的版权。末句中的“by supporting the property rights of celebrities, copyright strengthens them as a class in contrast to anonymous musicians”表明事实上受到保护的就是那些少数出名的音乐家而已，故[A]为答案。句中引用Anatole France的话是为了说明“看似公平的法律会带来不公平的结果”，引出下文，[C]并非原因，排除。 第13题 The word "obscurities" in the second paragraph most probably means A misunderstanding, B small potatoes. C well-known people, D unclearness. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义理解题。第二段倒数第二句提到In theory, copyright covers the creations of celebrities and obscurities equally，既然前面提到的celebrity是人，后面的obscurity此处也是指人，排除[A]和[D]。末句中解释版权理论和实际相脱离之处：保护了名人，但是却让他们成为一个阶层，与之对应的是那些无名的音乐家们。可见这里的anonymous musicians就是上句提到的obscurities，故[B]为答案。 第14题 Free Internet music file sharing may bring about all of the following consequences EXCEPT A losses to culture-importing nations. B the dominance of one culture. C people's disrespect for laws. D the degradation of one's morality. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的Internet music file sharing定位至第三段。第六句提到the culture-exporting nations (notably the United States) could stand to lose，这里是指文化出口国，非[A]中的culture-importing nations，故为答案。末句copyright protection supports cultural imperialism，[B]符合文意。第三句指出criminologists would hypothesize they thereby learn contempt for laws in general，[C]符合文意。第五句指出： Thus, on the level of families, ending copyright could be morally as well as economically advantageous. 此句表明如果不对这种现象加以重视，慢慢地人们会认为不尊重版权就像经济富裕一样值得提倡，[D]符合文意。 第15题 According to the passage, studies on the results of copyright protection A lag behind the research in other fields. B need to be done in a practical way. C should be carried out immediately. D will promote cultural innovation. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。末段第二句提到我们需要在特定行业、特定领域对预定假设进行认真研究。接着第三句给出具体解释，句中的“观察和采访”都是一些实用的研究方法，可见对于版权保护方面的研究要采用这些实用方法，故[B]为答案。这里没有将该研究与其他领域的研究进行对比，[A]不符合文意，排除。第三句指出“观察和采访等方法会揭示真正推动文化革新的因素”，这里并不是说有关版权保护结果的研究会推动文化革新，排除[D]。 第16题 What impact can mobile phones have on their users' health? Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systematic review carried out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the delivery of health care. These uses fall into three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by incorporating text-messaging into treatment regimes. The study, funded by Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was published this week. Using texting to boost efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several trials carried out in England have found that the use of tenet-messaging reminders reduces the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26—39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appoint ments by 33—50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would translate into annual savings of￡256m—364m. Text messages are also being used to remind patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had equally satisfying results though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 40%, had no effect other than to annoy patients. Text messages can also be a good way to disseminate public-health information, particularly to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are unavailable. Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organisation's strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mall to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio. Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending re- minders to patients to take their medicine at the right time, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr. Rifat. More quantitative research is needed—which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging. Diabetes needs constant management, and requires patients to take an active role in their treatment by measuring blood-sugar levels and administering insulin injections. The most effective form of therapy is an intensive regime in which patients adjust the dose of insulin depending on what they eat. This is more onerous for the patient, but allows for a greater dietary variety. Previous studies have shown that intensive treatment is effective only with close supervision by doctors. Dr. Franklin and her colleagues devised a system called Sweet Talk, which sends patients personalised text messages reminding them of the treatment goals they have set themselves, and allowing them to send questions to doctors. The Sweet Talk system was tested over a period of 18 months with teenage patients receiving both conventional and intensive diabetes treatment. A control group received conventional treatment and no text messages. The researchers found that the use of text-messaging significantly increased "self-efficacy" (the effectiveness of treatment, measured by questionnaire). More importantly, among patients receiving intensive therapy, the level of haemoglobin HbAlc--an indicator of blood-glucose and hence of glycaemic control--was 14% lower than for those in the control group. Since even a 10% decline in HbAlc level is associated with a reduction in complications such as eye and kidney problems, this is an impressive result. It suggests that texting can cheaply and effectively support intensive therapy among teenagers, who often demonstrate poor compliance. Despite such promising results, Dr. Rifat notes, many of the medical uses of text-messaging have not yet been subjected to clinical trials, because they are so new. And eyen where the benefits are proven, the technology has not been systematically deployed on a large scale. But when it comes to improving outcomes and reducing costs, text messages would seem to be just what the doctor ordered. Which of the following can be concluded from the first paragraph? A That cell phones are harmful to people's health is unconvincing. B Cell phones can bring more benefits to people than harm. C People won't worry about the harm cell phones do any longer. D There are only three types of benefits cell phones bring us. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干可知本题就首段内容提问，第二句提到：许多人担心手机手持装置及通信基站的辐射会对身体有害，不过始终缺乏可靠依据。这说明人们的“手机对人体健康有害”的观点只是一种猜测，缺乏有力的证据，故[A]为答案。第三句提到“关于手机对健康有益的证据却越来越多”，这只能说明手机对健康有好处，虽然“缺乏可靠依据”也不能说明对健康无害，同理，也无法判断是弊多还是利多，[B]为过度推断。倒数第二句提到了“短信的三类用途”，但[D]中的only表示将意思绝对化，排除。首段没有提及人们在知道Rifat Atun的研究结论后反应如何，[C]无依据。 第17题 The phrase "rolled out" in Paragraph 2 probably means A ProPagandized. B conceived. C spread. D extolled. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义理解题。由题干定位至第二段。首句为该段主题句：利用编发短信来提高工作效率并不是多么高深的科学，但是能节省大笔费用。之后的两句是用数据对该句进行说明，显然是支持“节省大笔费用”这个论点的论据。第二句提到“英国有几项试验发现，短信提醒功能将同家庭医生的约会错过率降低了26%到39%，同医院的约会错过率则减少了33%到50%。”，这引出第三句中的结果“相当于每年节省2.56— 3.64亿英镑”。根据逻辑联系可以判断，节省这么多钱的前提是text-messaging reminders能在全国范围内加以应用，[D]“称赞，表扬”与此意相距甚远，排除。conceive意为“构思”，这个应用text-messaging reminders的计划如果只停留在构思阶段，是无法节省钱的，排除[B]。propagandize意为“宣传”，但宣传只是过程，没有涉及到结果。spread意为“推广”，由￡256m—364m这个数字来看，这应该是该项计划得以推广开来的结果，故[C]为答案。 第18题 All the following are the uses of text-messaging EXCEPT A patients' reminder. B a therapeutic approach. C a campaign supporter. D information transfer. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。根据题干中的uses可至首段，看到提到的三种用途：efficiency gains；public-health gains;... treatment regimes，浏览一下接下来的四段，很容易看出这是对三种用途分别展开的说明。第二段和第三段提到了the use of text-messaging reminders和being used to remind patients，[A]符合原文。第四段首句中的a good way to disseminate public-health information(传播公共卫生信息的一个好途径)说明[D]符合原文。[B]与第五段中的part of a treatment regime(治疗 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的一部分)吻合。第四段末句提到了“text messages were used to support a campaign”，但该句是指“短信则被用来声援一项给将近5岁的儿童接种天花疫苗的行动”，[C]是对该部分内容的曲解，与原意不符，故为答案。 第19题 The result of the teenage diabetic patients shows that A those in the control group are more rebellious. B text-messaging can motivate them to supervise themselves. C conventional treatment isn't as effective as intensive treatment. D adult diabetic patients should also try intensive treatment. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干中的teenage patients定位至第六段，前三句对糖尿病的治疗过程进行了说明：糖尿病需要持续性治疗，并要求患者在治疗过程中必须积极主动…最有效的治疗形式就是进行强化治疗，即患者根据饮食调整胰岛素用量。这对患者而言是麻烦，但饮食上可以有多种选择。然后指出intensive treatment在什么时候有效：只有在医生密切监控下，强化治疗才有效。之后介绍了“甜言蜜语”系统及对该系统进行检测的过程。第七段末句指出检测数据说明的问题：它显示短信能够便宜有效地辅助少年患者强化治疗，而这些患者在治疗中往往配合性很差。从上述内容可以看出，短信提醒可以敦促少年糖尿病患者进行自我监控，进行持续性治疗，故[B]为答案。第六段最后两句提到Dr．Franklin把实验对象分成两个组，一组只接受传统治疗方案，没有短信提醒，一种接受传统和强化结合治疗，有短信提醒。虽然后者中的病人检测结果好，但因为两组采用的方法不同，不能说明前者中的病人更叛逆，排除[A]。第六段第二句提到了The most effective form of therapy is an intensive regime，但实验中，一组既接受了传统治疗又有强化治疗，外加短信提醒，另一组只接受了传统治疗，虽然[C]是文章提及的内容，但从实验结果本身无法得出此结论，排除。这里没有提及“成人糖尿病患者”，[D]属于过度推断。 第20题 Which of the following may best Summarize the text? A People shouldn't worry about the supposed ill effects of mobile phones. B Text-messaging should be widely used in all walks of life. C Conventional treatment should be supplanted by new treatments. D The medical uses of mobile phones show the healthy benefits. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。本文开篇由问句引出人们有关“手机对人类健康影响”的观点：负面影响缺乏可靠证据；对健康有益的证据越来越多．之后提到Rifat Atun汇总的“150条手机短信用于提供医疗保健服务的事例”。然后指明短信的三种用途，并本别在第二，三段、第四段、第五段对这三种用途进行具体说明。第五段第三句指出“有关这些作用效果的例证一般都是道听途说来的，尚需进一步定量研究——这也正是里法特研究小组本周着眼于阐明手机对卫生保健的作用所发表的3篇论文的出发点”，之后对他们的定量研究进行了具体说明。由此可见，本文结构是总分结构，开篇提出主题，然后分项进行阐述，因此主旨就是首段提到的the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health，后面内容是用“手机短信对健康的作用”来论证该论点的，故 [D]为答案．本文只论证了“手机对健康的好处”，没有说明对健康的负面影响，排除[A]。末段提到“短信的很多医疗用途由于太过新颖，还没有接受临床试验，即便是已被证实的用途，也尚未得到系统性推广”，但本文只是谈到医疗领域，并未涉及其他领域，[D]中的all walks of life(各行各业)为过度推断。此外，conventional treatment是作者在介绍定量研究“少年糖尿病患者的”实验中提到的细节，非主旨，排除[C]。 三、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共5小题,共5.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题   Before Jose Martinez set up his pizza delivery service, he A tested samples on potential clients. B handed out product questionnaires. C assessed demand in different areas. D trained staff for a few months. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  W: Good evening and welcome to Business People. We are fortunate to have as our guest tonight Jose Martinez, the founder and Director of Pizza Rapids. Jose was brought up in America and started his working life there. Now he is one of the most successful entrepreneurs in Europe. How did he achieve this? Well, he began his rise to success in Europe when he launched his pizza delivery chain from a small shop in the Spanish capital, Madrid, 10 years ago. By the late-nineties he had succeeded in expanding the business to over 400 outlets and in doing so, he has almost transformed the eating habits of the nation. As a result of this success, he has recently been able to buy out his main competitor and today, Pizza Rapida is well-known for producing top-quality food at reasonable prices. Jose is now one of the wealthiest men in Spain. Jose, welcome to our studio. M: Thank you for your flattering introduction, hope I can live up to it. W: Now, did you do lots of market research before you set up your pizza delivery service? M: Well, not really. But I did do some basic research to get the product itself right by giving some away to teenagers in the neighbourhood. I kept experimenting with the key ingredients until they all thought the pizzas were great. W: But surely Spain isn't traditionally a fast food market, so why did you think a pizza home delivery service would be successful? M: Well, I just thought that the same trends which had caused the fast-food revolution in the US were at work in Spain. For example, more and more women were joining the labour market, leaving them less time to shop and cook, so families were beginning to think of fast food as an attractive alternative to home cooking. The sector grew incredibly quickly in the first few years. It's a little steadier now--still very healthy though. W: Great! So you must need an increasing number of staff, but what do you look for in your managers? M: I try to follow the American system and make sure my people get experience at all levels of the business. I don't want managers to come straight from university to the office without doing the basic jobs in the company first. W: Pizza Rapids was floated on the Stock Exchange in 1998. Was that a success, too? M: Yes, it was amazing! W: Why do you think Pizza Rapids attracted so much investment? M: I think initially it was largely because the basic theory of home delivery pizzas was new, easy for the general public to understand, and fun. Once we were established, the shares started to take off. And I'm happy to say that we've been the best performer on the stock market for two years and profits were up again by 45% last year. W: What background did you have, or training, to lead to this amazing success? M: Sales basically. I started my working life as a salesman for a soap company in America. After the initial three- month training period, I managed to exceed the annual target they had given me, but I was so disgusted by the tiny bonus I was offered that I resigned and joined a competitor. Ten years later, they sent me to Spain to run their sales and marketing operation. W: Does any aspect of the Spanish lifestyle help you to promote your products? M: Well, Spaniards are very keen on football, as you know, and I think you have to be constantly aware of all possible opportunities. So now, when top teams are playing, I hire extra staff to deliver pizzas for the fans to eat while they watch the match on television. W: That sounds like a real winner! And what's next? M: Well, one option I was looking at was franchising the operation but I decided I didn't want to lose control, so what I'm seriously considering now is producing frozen pizzas and other food to sell to supermarket and restaurant chains. W: Well, I wish you every success with that and many thanks.... 第2题 According to Jose Martinez, the Spanish fast food business A is different from that of the U. S. B has slowed slightly in its rate of growth. C employs an increasing number of women. D is experiencing a hard time. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题 Jose Martinez wants his trainee managers to A develop a competitive attitude. B try out some of the shop-floor jobs. C spend some time working abroad. D own an excellent academic records. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第4题 Jose Martinez left the first company he worked for because it A set the staff impossible targets. B offered insufficient financial rewards. C provided inadequate support. D offered staff few promotion opportunities. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第5题 What does Jose Martinez plan to do in the future? A Develop a chain of restaurants. B Set up a franchise operation. C Expand into the frozen food market. D Open more branches abroad. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 none、四（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 Three Main Literary Forms Ⅰ. Poetry Essential features: --evoking (1)   --creating a(n) (2)   --imagination --leading to new (3) , new feelings and experience  Ⅱ. Fiction A. Short story Definition: a relatively brief (4)   --subject matter: single incidents in daily life --essential features: (5) , unity and   (6)   B. Novel One important technique: (7)   Three methods: --explicit presentation through (8)   --presentation of character in (9)   presentation from within a character Ⅲ. Drama Origin: ancient Greek festival activities Structures of a play --exposition --rising action -- (10)   --falling action --ending New styles and forms 【正确答案】： emotions [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]1-10 Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to our literature class. Today we're going to talk about the three main literary forms. They are poetry, fiction and drama. First of all, let's discuss poetry. Poetry is fairly easy to recognize but difficult to define precisely but some of its essential features can be recognized and described. First, the most distinctive characteristics of poetry is form and music. Poetry is concerned with not only what is said but also how it is said. The form, the language, imagery and symbols, especially rhythm and rhyme, are much more important in poetry than in any other type of literature. Second, poetry evokes emotions rather than expresses facts. Poetry in its best sense is something intensely emotional. Third, poetry means having a poetic experience. A poem is a happening of what the poet intended to happen to us. Poets create poetry to evoke responses from readers as the latter experience and read the word on the page or hear the poem being recited. If nothing happens to us, no poem exists as far as we are concerned. Poets created for us the meaningful poetic experience out of the chaotic details of life. They say what we want to say from our hearts, from our own experience. Therefore, poetry intends to evoke not only the full flavor of emotions but also the profound impact and insight of physical, mental or imaginary experience. Imagination, then, is also an essential quality of poetry. Poets may start out with concrete, common things seen every day; but with certain words, imagery and symbols, they lead us into the world of imagination. An old topic gives us new feeling, and a simple idea is clothed with beauty. Finally, poetry often leads us to new perceptions, new feelings and experience of which we have not previously been aware. Great poetry creates not only experiences but also new people out of its readers. Ok, now let's come to fiction. We know that modern literary fiction has been dominated by two forms: the novel and the short story. A short story is a relatively brief fictional narrative. It must always have a compact unity and a direct simplicity. The short story catches a single incident in daily life and holds it before the reader in such a manner that the impression of the whole is derived largely from suggestion. In a word, the essential characteristics of the short story are brevity, unity and intensity. In order to achieve such effects, the short story introduces a very limited number of characters. The novel and the short story have many elements in common. Both are not entirely factual, but partially shaped, made up, or imagined. That's why they both are called fiction. The word "novel" in used in its broadest sense to refer to any expended fictional narrative in prose. In practice, however, its use is customarily restricted to narratives in which the representation of characters occurs either in a static condition or in the process of development as the result of events or actions. One of the important techniques for writing a novel is characterization. Characterization means the creation of imaginary persons so that they seem lifelike. There are three fundamental methods of characterization. First one, the explicit presentation by the author of the character through direct exposition; two, the presentation of the character in action, with little or no explicit comment by the author, in the expectation that the reader can guess the characteristics of the actor from the action; and three, the presentation from within a character, without comment by the author. The last literary form we're going to talk about is drama. Drama developed from the result of certain closely- related human characteristics, most importantly the desire to imitate and pretend. People often entertain them- selves by acting out a story with plot, characters and dialogue. The word "drama" came from the Greek verb "dran", which means to act or do. Thus the soul of the word "drama" is action. The first drama was born out of the ancient Greek festival activities to worship the god Dionysus, ruler over vegetation and wine. Classical playwrights are likely to write traditional plays. Such a play, according to the conventional requirements, develops around a central figure involved in some conflict of opposing forces. Generally speaking, if the hero is defeated in the end, the play is a tragedy; if the hero wins, the play is a comedy. Traditionally, comedies were written about common people, while a tragedy centered on a great person. The structure of such a play is divided into exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and ending. However, later playwrights and critics modified some of the classical requirements and developed new styles and forms. Shakespeare to some extent showed that common people could be fit subjects for tragedy; Ibsen not only had tragic characters from common life but also adopted prose instead of poetry as the language of tragedy. Many contemporary playwrights have rebelled against the traditional distinction between tragedy and comedy. They believe that a play often possesses elements of both and thus cannot actually be labeled as either. The Theater of the Absurd has shown such a belief. These plays have less or little character motivation, action, or rational coherence in the traditional sense. 第2题 【正确答案】： poetic experience 第3题 【正确答案】： perceptions 第4题 【正确答案】： fictional narrative 第5题 【正确答案】： brevity 第6题 【正确答案】： intensity 第7题 【正确答案】： characterization 第8题 【正确答案】： direct exposition 第9题 【正确答案】： action 第10题 【正确答案】： climax none、五（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 Our real American foods have come from our. soil and have been used by many groups. The Native Americans already had developed an interested (1)______ cuisine using the abundant foods that were so prevalent. The influence that the English had in our national eating habits is (2)______ easy to see. They were a tough lot and they ate in a tough manner. They wiped their mouths on the tablecloth, if there happened to be one, and they ate before you would expect them to burst. European travelers to (3)______ this country in those days were most often shocked by American drinking (4)______ habits, which included too much salt and too much liquor. Not much has changed! And, the Revolutionists refused to use the fork since it marked them Europeans. The fork was not absolutely common on the (5)______ European dinner table until about the time of the Civil War. (6)______ Other immigrant groups added to their own touches to the preparation (7)______ of our New World food products. The term melting pot was first used in return to America in the late 1700s,so this belief that we would (8)______ all become the same has been with us for a long time. Thank goodness it has ever worked. The various immigrant groups continue to add flavor to (9)______ the pot, all right, but you can pick out the individual flavors easily. The smallest ancestry group in America is the English. There are (10)______ more people in America who claim to have come from English blood than there are in ]England. But is their food English? No, it is not; It is American. 【正确答案】： interested→interesting [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 形容词错误。现在分词interesting用来修饰物，表示“引起…兴趣的”，而过去分词interested用来修饰人，表示“对…感兴趣的”，本句意为：美洲印第安人已经用那些常见的丰富的食物研制出令人感兴趣的烹饪方法。这里应该用interesting表示使动意义。 第2题 【正确答案】： in→On/upon [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词误用。“对…有影响”的正确表达是have influence on/upon sth.，本句意为：英国人对我们国家饮食习惯的影响随处可见。 第3题 【正确答案】： before→until [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语义衔接错误。本题所在句子对美国人不雅的吃相做了具体说明：如果恰巧有台布的话，他们就用台布擦嘴，直到你觉得他们快要撑破肚皮了才停嘴。句中的before不符合该处语义衔接关系，应为until“直到…才…”。 第4题 【正确答案】： drinking→eating [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语义衔接错误。本题所在段落的首句就提到了eating habits，从本句后面定语从句中的too much salt and too much liquor(吃得太咸，喝酒太多)可以看出这里说的不只是饮水习惯，还包括其他饮食习惯，因此用eating habits符合语境。 第5题 【正确答案】： ⊥Europeans→as [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词遗漏。mark为及物动词，这里意为“标识，标记”，但这个词不能用于双宾语结构中，因此需要在Europeans前加as，意为“把…标识为…”，本句意为；革命者拒绝使用刀叉，因为使用刀叉会将他们打上欧洲人的烙印。 第6题 【正确答案】： European→American [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语义衔接错误。本句是对上句中革命者拒绝使用刀叉的进一步说明，指出：刀叉大约在美国南北战争时期才开始普遍出现在餐桌上。显然，这里指的不是出现在欧洲人的餐桌上，而是美国人的餐桌上，故将European改为American。 第7题 【正确答案】： added to→去掉to [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 固定搭配错误。add作为不及物动词时，有add to sth. 这一用法，意为“增加”，例如：I didn't want to add to Mother's misery. 我不愿意增加母亲的痛苦。add作为及物动词时，可以用在add sth. to sth．这一结构中，例如；Do you want to add your name to the list?你想把自己的名字添加到列表里吗?本句意为；其他移民团体将自己的风味添加到新大陆的食物准备清单里。显然，这里使用的是第二种结构，删除added后多余的to。 第8题 【正确答案】： return→reference [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 固定搭配错误。in reference to意为“提及，谈到”，例如：He spoke in reference to the cowboys. 他谈了有关牛仔的事。没有in return to这样的搭配，表示“对…回报”的搭配为in return for。本句意为：“大熔炉”这个词是在18世纪末最早被提到的，因此对于我们所有人都应该一样的这种信念也由来已久。显然使用in reference to符合语境。 第9题 【正确答案】： ever→never [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 副词误用。第三段末句的意思是：各种移民团体继续向大熔炉添加自己的风味，但是你还是可以很容易就区分出不同风味的特点。从这里可以看出作者认为完全融合的理念并不正确，因此本题所在处的句子应该是感慨移民团体的饮食风味没有完全被同化。因此用never代替ever正确。 第10题 【正确答案】： smallest→largest [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语义衔接错误。末段第二句指出：在美国声称自己有英国血统的人比在英格兰的人还多。可见英国后裔在美国的数量是巨大的，不可能是人数最少的。故将smallest改成相反的largest，这样符合该处语义衔接关系。 六、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 择书比择友简单得多。不擅辞令、厌恶应酬的人，可以自由自在地徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友。 看书，可以博览，可以细嚼，没有人会怪你喜新厌旧，也没有人要求你从一而终。你大可以从一本书换到另一本，喜爱的书，不妨一读再读；不耐看的书，又可随手抛下，谁也不会因此而伤心失望。人际关系错综复杂，那“书际关系”呢?只要花点时间去了解，再高深的学问也弄得明白。   【正确答案】：It is much easier to choose a book than a friend. One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of books. Books can be read cursorily, or chewed and digested. None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection. You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favorite book over and over again. When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feel hurt or disappointed. While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books? Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is. 七、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 If we want to avoid the disaster scenario, people in developed countries will have to take a global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage export crops such as timber, coffee, cut flowers or even green beans, do to the environment. The challenge is to avoid simply imposing western attitudes on local peoples. Already there are no truly wild places left in the world. Looking at wildlife ha s become the preserve of the middle classes over the last twenty-odd years, and as wild animals become even rarer, so more tourists want to see them. But tourism alone plainly cannot conserve the world's animals; economic development is the priority. For the future, I suspect that if you really want to do something about wild life conservation, you would be better off putting your money into women's education rather than just into the protection of flagship species. Women often bear the direct costs of wildlife conflict; their knowledge of how to deal with conflict and how to control their own reproductive destinies may yet determine the survival of many threatened species. 【正确答案】：要想避免灾难局面的发生，发达国家的人必须从全球角度看问题，并为木材、咖啡、鲜花甚至菜豆之类出口作物对环境造成的危害承担责任。需要谨慎的是，应避免简单地把西方的立场强加于当地人民。 目前世界上已经没有真正的荒野了。在过去的20多年里，观赏野生动物已成为中产阶级的专有权，随着野生动物变得更加稀少，想看野生动物的游客会更多。但是单靠旅游业显然不可能保护世界上的动物；经济发展才是首要任务。 我认为，为了未来，人们要是真想在野生动物保护方面做一些事，最好还是把钱投在妇女教育上，而不仅仅用于保护那些带象征意义的重要物种。妇女常常承受着与野生动物发生冲突的直接代价；她们是否知道如何应对冲突，能否掌握自己的生育命运，有可能决定着许多濒危物种的生存。 八、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 As more and more students are admitted into universities, campus disciplines have become a hot topic. Some universities adopt a very strict approach, banning such behaviors as skipping classes, along with some too intimate behaviors between student lovers. Some students protest that these requirements are not suitable, for they are no longer high school students who need close supervision. What do you think? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: My Opinion on Campus Disciplines In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appr9priateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 【正确答案】：My Opinion on Campus Disciplines Now there is a growing concern over campus disciplines. In China, for years strict demands on pupils have been viewed as a must. But now people are taking a fresh look at it. Especially, with the mounting interest in individual privacy and freedom, some college students become more and more unsatisfied with the strict approaches adopted by their colleges, such as banning skipping classes, banning too intimate behaviors between student lovers. They argue that these requirements are not suitable for they are no longer high school students who need close supervision. However, I cannot absolutely share this opinion for the following reasons. Firstly, we know the goal of higher education is to improve and strengthen the general level of intellectual and professional capacity of the educated. To guarantee this goal, it is reasonable and necessary to implement campus disciplines. University provides the best education possible to enable the students to get the most from all aspects of life at the university. In this context, however, it is important that the students realize the symbiotic nature of this relationship and accept the responsibility inherent in this joint venture. If the students lounge away their time at college, and are frequently absent from their required and optional course classes, they cannot achieve the college cultivation goal. If some students cheat in quizzes, tests and exams, but receive no punishment, this will be quite unfair for the competition. To maintain college order, strict campus discipline should be adopted to punish those who violate the game law. Secondly, every group of men requires some rules to keep its members in order. As the saying goes, "Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards." A college student doesn't live alone. He joins others--his fellow students and teachers to form various groups, large or small. Hence, whether a person is a high school student or a college one, as long as he is a member of a group, he has to observe certain regularities. Democracy and freedom are not absolute. In fact, the word "democracy" comes from two Greek words that mean "people" and "rule", that is to say, where there are people, there is a rule. A nation requires laws to preserve peace; a company needs regularities to keep development; a college also should set campus disciplines to achieve its education goal. In conclusion, I would like to say that campus disciplines are necessary. After all, the aim of high education is to make young people receive moral education, cultivate good behavior and get rich knowledge. To guarantee this, a college should adopt some approaches to confine students' actions within certain limits. Otherwise, too much liberty spills all. 九、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 Tess of the D'Urbervilles, one of ______ best known novels, portrays man as having no control over his own fate. [A] Jack London's [B] Thomas Hardy's [C] Jane Austin's [D] William Butler Yeats' 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国作家作品。Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代，1840—1928)是英国作家，其代表作有Far from the Madding Crowd(《远离尘嚣》)、The Return of the Native(《还乡》)、The Mayor of Casterbridge (《卡斯特桥市长》)；Tess of the D'Urbervilles(《德伯家的苔丝》)等。Jack London(杰克·伦敦，1876— 1916)的代表作有The Call of the Wild(《野性的呼唤》)、The Sea-wolf(《海狼》)、White Fang(《白獠牙》)等。Jane Austin(简·奥斯丁，1775—1817)的代表作是Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》)、Sense and Sensibility(《理智与情感》)、Emma(《爱玛》)等。William Butler Yeats(叶芝，1865—1939)的著作有诗歌Responsibilities(《责任》)、The Tower(《塔》)、The Winding Stair(《盘旋的楼梯》)等。 第2题 Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literary modern- ism? [A] The Sound and the Fury. [B] Uncle Tom's Cabin. [C] Daisy Miller. [D] The Gilded Age. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国作家作品。现代派文学(literary modernism)的艺术特征是：反对传统的现实主义，反对塑造典型环境下的典型人物，主张在艺术形式上大胆创新；经常运用象征手法；普遍使用意识流手法；荒诞。美国现代主义作家的重要代表人物有庞德，福克纳，海明威等。The Sound and the Fury(《愤怒与喧嚣》)是 William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳，1897—1962)的代表作。Daisy Miller(《苔瑟·米乐》)是美国现实主义作家Henry James(享利·詹姆斯，1843—1916)的代表作。Uncle Tom's Cabin(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)是美国超验主义作家Harriet Beecher Stowe(哈丽特·比彻·斯托，1811—1896)的代表作。而The Gilded Age(《镀金时代》)是Mark Twain(马克·吐温)的作品。 第3题 More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed [A] phonemes. [B] allomorphs. [C] morphs. [D] phones. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查形态学知识。语言中最小的不可再分的意义单位是词素morpheme(又可称为形位、语素等)。词素是抽象的，它是通过词素形式morph表现出来的。词素还具有变体形式，在语言学中称为词素变体allomorph。音素phoneme是一特定语言的语音基本单位。而phone是指不考虑其音素或音素的情况的声音。 第4题 is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called se- mantic features. [A] Predication analysis [B] Componential analysis [C] Phonemic analysis [D] Grammatical analysis 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学概念。成分分析法(componential analysis)是把词汇分析为一个个具有区别作用的语义特征，根据语义是否包含这些特征来研究、区分词汇意义。加减符号(+，-)用来表示一个词中是否存在某一语义特征。其他三项均与语义特征无关。 第5题 On ______ , 1776,the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. [A] June 4 [B] July 4 [C] June 14 [D] July 14 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国历史知识。1776年7月4日大陆会议在费城通过美国《独立宣言》，此后美国以7月4日独立日为国庆日，以纪念《独立宣言》的签署。每年的这一天，全美大大小小的教堂钟声齐鸣，各地居民自发地举行庆祝游行，美国全国到处都飘扬着红白蓝条的国旗。 第6题 The British Prime Minister's official residence is, No. 10 ______ Street in London. [A] Downing [B] Oxford [C] Knightsbridge [D] Regent 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文化背景知识。唐宁街10号(No.10 Downing Street)建于1680年，18世纪以来为英国历届首相官邸和办公处。伦敦最高级的百货公司集中在骑士桥大街(Knightsbridge)一带，平民化的百货公司则以牛津街(Oxford Street)和摄政街(Regent Street)一带较多。 第7题 The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English. [A] Latin [B] Greek [C] Danish [D] French 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国历史知识。中古英语时期，发生了诺曼征服(The Norman Conquest)，诺曼法语一度成为英国统治阶级的语言，大批法语词涌人英语，改变了英语运用复合法作为创造新词的主要手段。 第8题 The first English colony in America was founded in ______ in 1607. [A] Virginia [B] Massachusetts [C] New York [D] New Jersey 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国历史知识。1607年英国人在弗古尼亚(Virginia)的詹姆斯敦(Jamestown)成功地建立了第一个殖民地。 第9题 A linguistic ______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use. [A] slang [B] euphemism [C] jargon [D] taboo 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学概念．禁忌语(taboo)指被主流社会禁止在公众场合使用的词与表达。俚语(slang)属于非标准语，通常不宜在正规场合中使用。委婉语(euphemism)是一种婉转、令人愉悦的、较为高雅的言语以替代可能冒犯对方的那些不礼貌、不尊重人的表达方式。jargon(行话)是指一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言。 第10题 Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ______ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. [A] Christian [B] Greek [C] knightly [D] primitive 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文学流派。浪漫主义(romance)一词源出南欧一些古罗马省府的语言和文学。在11— 12世纪，大量地方语言文学中的传奇故事和民谣就是用这种语言写成的。这些作品着重描写中世纪骑士的神奇事迹、侠义气概及其神秘非凡，具有这类特点的故事后来逐渐称为romance，即骑士故事或传奇故事。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com