专业八级改错练习－80

中华英语学习网www.100yingyu.com 官方网站：圣才学习网www.100xuexi.com 专业八级改错练习－80 Before 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless the woman's health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jane Roe, a single woman, instituted this federal action against the District Attorney of the country. The original idea was that women who truly did not want a baby should not have to have it. __1__ Since pregnacy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __2__ forced pregnacy, like any force bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __3__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __4__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends'/husbands' unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __5__ of the financial pressure, out of the panic from losing their jobs, out of panic from having to quit the school, or becoming __6__ homeless, or out of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abrotion for these reasons can lead to problems which develop when a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses __7__ from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort and do so completely of her own free will. These women have no __8__ regrets, no remorse, but are happy they had this choice availble. __9__ But a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortion effected them adversely. __10__ 【答案】 1.it——one. it和one用来指代时，it通常用于特指，one通常用于类指。结合上下文，此处应当指代前文的a baby，是类指，所以应当用one. 2.Since——While.这里考的是根据上下文的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用。前后两个分句是对比pregnancy和forced pregnancy这两个方面，所以应该选用表示对比的连用词while. 3.out——/.emerge一词后面不要受到中文的影响加上out；但是可以说come out. emerge可以和介词from搭配，表示“从……中浮现出来”。 4.were——are.虽然这一句从句中是过去时态，但是主句中谈的是“现在”的情况，所以应当用现在时态。 5.^from——into.动词coerce要和介词into搭配。coerce somebody into something，意思是“胁迫某人做某事”。 6.the——/.school 前带定冠词时通常是特指，不带冠词通常是类指。这里说“辍学”，应当是类指，所以不能带定冠词。 7.round——through. get through 的意思是“度过（经济，感情等的）难关”，get round有“说服”的意思，原文是说“客服流畅造成的情感创伤”，应当用get through. 8.her——their.这里的代词是指前文提到的women，所以应该是复数。 9.but （are）——and.从逻辑关系来看，这一句“很高兴有这个选择”和前文“没有遗憾、不后悔”是一致的、并列的，所以不能用转折连词。 10.effected——affected. effect和affect两个词形近，而词性不同，容易混淆。前者通常作为名词，后者是动词。 专业八级改错练习－79 Several years ago, we began construction on a new church buliding. In the beginning, the workmen dug a big pit in the ground and then they began to pour footings. Footings are cement piers under __1__ which the entire buliding rests. They are crucial to the strenth of the finished structure. After the foundation hole is dug, the footings must be poured quickly, before the composition of the soil is changed by the wind, air, or water. With a similar way in these brief early __2__ years, parents of young children have the challenging job of lying __3__ the foundation that will support family friendships in later years. Physical affectation and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying __4__ a strong foundation for friendship. Hug, hug, hug. Even if you are not __5__ raised in a hugging family, hug your kids anyway. They need the warmth of physical contact and so do you need. A young child will try to __6__ manipulate and be in the charge. He will attempt to get his own way. __7__ Since the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is __8__ what he is doing. A wise parent must not permit to happen. __9__ When a child respects his parents, he will also respect the others. __10__ 【答案】 1.under——upon/on.footing是“地基”的意思，一般来说，整幢建筑物怎么可能在地基之下呢？所以，介词under应该改成upon或on. 2.with——in.in a similar way 意思是“以一种相似的方式”，way表示方式时通常和介词in搭配。 3.lying——laying.lying是lie的-ing分词，而lie的意思是“平躺”或“说谎”，都和原文的意思及搭配不符。 4.affectation——affection.前者是“不自然”，后者是“感情，慈爱”。physical affection的意思是“通过身体语言表现出来的慈爱”。 5.are——were.文中的you指的是孩子的父母，已经为人父母的人被养大成人的过程中应该是在过去的时间。所以这里应该用过去时态。 6.need——\.“so+代动词do+somebody”这个结构已经替代了前面句子的谓语，是一个动词性替代，做简短反应，这里加一个动词need是多余的。 7.the——\.be in charge 意思是“主管，控制”，这里是说孩子们有时候试图成为控制者。如果说in one's charge或者in the charge of somebody，意思则是被某人看管。 8.Since——While/Although/Though.这里要理解主从句的逻辑关系，从句是说小孩子也没有意识到自己的控制欲，主句说他实际上确实有控制欲，两者不是因果关系，而是让步关系。 9.permit^——this. permit是及物动词，热切不能直接以动词不定式作宾语，必须有名词或代词作宾语，所以要加一个代词this用于指代前文所述 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 。 10.the——others指“别人”，没有数量范围的限定；the others指“其他的人”，有数量范围的限定。这里只是泛指“别人”，所以不应该加定冠词。 专业八级改错练习－78 Thirty or forty years ago, when most mothers in the United States didn't have jobs, ,homes were busier places. Children went to school from 9 A.M to 3 P.M. and spent the most of the time in the house under their__1__ mother's watchful eyes. Children played, watched TV, and did homework, and while they weren't in the house, __2__ they were outside in the front or backyard or playing nearly with other neighborhood children. Though this situation still exists in some communities today, it is becoming rarer and rarer as more and more mothers have work inside the home. These "two-income__3__ families" create a different kind of home—one that is a place to stop temporarily in the midst of a busy schedule __4__ of activities. Because working parents often leave the house by 8 A.M and return at 5 or 6 P.M, children go to school and then a series of highly-programmed after-school activities.__5__ So when school lets out for two or three weeks at New Year's time, many parents may face with a troubling situation.__6__ Some researches show the kind of child-care problem the holidays can have for busy parents. Even in those families __7__ in which the mother is home, there is often many active __8__ neighborhood full of children playing since most of the other children are involved in activities. This results from the irony __9__ of both parents and children anxiously look forward to the end__10__ of their vacation. 【答案】 1. most→ rest：根据上下文，应表达“除了上学以外的时间”。 2. while→ when / if ：逻辑分析，此处应为假设的时间关系，不是简单的同步时间关系。 3. inside→ outside：根据上下文的意思，应该是“越来越多的母亲在外面工作” 4. 在stop后加by：stop by表示途中短暂的访问，歇脚，休息等；符合下文的 temporarily in the midst of a busy schedule of activities. 5. 在then和a之间加to：与上文的go to关联，实际为 children go to school and then （go to） a series of highly-programmed after-school activities. 6. 删除face后的with：此处face为及物动词 7. have→ create：have表示“拥有，存在”，create强调“出现，产生，引起”。此处是指因为假期而引起和出现照料孩子的问题 8. many→ no/ few：根据上下文逻辑分析，几乎没有可以供孩子到处玩乐的街区存在。 9. from→ in：result from意思是“起因于”，result in意思是“其结果是……” 10. look→ looking：现在分词短语做定语，修饰both parents and children 专业八级改错练习－77 Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are powerful political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistributing wealth and in __1__ come in the United States will inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if you are relatively poor, and as __2__ power is mainly in the hands of the rich, public policies reflect their interests than __3__ those of the poor. As Mr. Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the point of view of the nonpoor. Poverty ensures that dirty work gets doing. If there __4__ were no poor people to scrub floors and empty bedpans, there jobs will have to be __5__ rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the nonpoor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cookers, __6__ gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores when their employers enjoy __7__ more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for more inferior goods and __8__ service, such as dayold bread, rundown automobiles, or the advice of competent __9__ physicians and lawyers. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system, in which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change. __10__ 【答案】 1.redistributing改为redistribute. attempt to 后面一般接动词原型，而不接动名词，因为这里的to是不定式符号，而不是介词，即attempt to do sth.. 2.you 改为others.此句是说，如果一部分相对比较穷，那么一部分人就会相对比较富。将人群分为两部分，此处就不能用you，others才可以表示人群的一部分。 3.在interests和than中间加上rather.此句不是表示比较（than），而是表示转折（公众政策反映他们的利益，而不是穷人的利益），所以应该用rather than （而不是）代替than. 4.doing改为done.此句是被动语态，表示“脏活被完成”，get 是系动词，所以应用do的过去分词形式done. 5.will改为would.此句使用了虚拟语气，表示对现在情况的假设，所以主句应用would. 6.cookers改为cooks.厨师是cook，而不cooker. cooker指炊具，与后面的“gardener（园丁）and other workers”不一致，所以应改为厨师（cook）。 7.when改为while.此处不是表示时间上的同时性，而是表示两种情形的对比，“一些人在做……，而另一些人在做……”。表示对比的连词一般用while. 8.去掉more. inferior本身就表示“低级的”，已经构成了比较形式，所以前面一般不能再加more. 9.competent 改为incompetent.此句讲的是穷人所能享受的服务，过期的面包、报废的汽车，还有不合格的医生和律师所提供的建议。如果是competent，则成了合格的医生和律师所提供的建议，那么与整句意思不符。 10.去掉in.此句中的which引导非限定性定语从句，作influence和change的直接宾语，因为influence和change均为及物动词，所以不能加in. 专业八级改错练习－76 Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, and __1__ few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons about this, __2__ some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very better than they do is that __3__ they fail to grasp the true name of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it by the right way. Far too many people fail to realize __4__ that pronounce a foreign language is a skill, one that__5__ needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of himself. __6__ I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerning with speaking the__7__ language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher may be prepared to __8__ devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject he should get the student to feel that here is a matter worth of receiving his close ttention.__9__ So, there should be occasions where other aspects of English, __10__ such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take a secondary place. 【答案】 1.and→but.and表示递进并列关系；but表示转折关系。根据上下文应用but. 2. about→for. reason与介词for搭配，表示“……的原因”。 3. very better→very much better.very不能修饰形容词的比较级，只能用much,far, very much, a lot, any, no, rather, a little, a bit修饰。 4. by→in.by the way：顺便说一下；in the right way：以正确的方式，又如：in your own way：以自己的方式。 5. pronounce→pronouncing.在that 引导的宾语从句中主语是动名词短语pronouncing a foreign language,原形动词（这里为pronounce）不能作主语。 6. himself→itself.one在本句中不是指人，所以其反身代词可用itself，而不用himself. 7. concerning→concerned.be concerned with：关于，如：The book is chiefly concerned with history.concerning作分词用，意为“涉及到”，此处不仅词义不当，而且concering后绝不能加with. 8. may→should.may表示推测、请求、允许或祝愿：should表示义务、建议、惊奇、推测等。这里讲的是老师的义务，故应该为should. 9. worth→worthy. worth可用在两个结构中，后面跟ing形式。1）用先行词it作主语，如：it isn't worth getting upset.2）用名次或代词作主语，如：The book is not worth reading. worthy 多用于worthy of + n. or be worthy to + v. 结构中，也可用作定语，如：a cause worthy of support/ a man who is worthy to have a place in the team/ a worthy winner. 10. where→when.occasion是指动作发生的时机而不是地点，故应用表示时间的副词引导的定语从句修饰occasion. 专业八级改错练习－75 It seems that every country, race, and religion observe some type of holiday or festival. The two most celebrating holidays __1__ in the North and South America, Australia and Eueope, and in the most of Christian world are Christmas and Easter. __2__ Christians celebrate the birth of Christ on Christmas. The __3__ exchange of gifts rises from the birthday tradition. The __4__ winter holiday season is time for bright colored lights to __5__ appear in and out the houses, on Christmas trees, and on __6__ buildings and storefronts, At Easter, Christians celebrate the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ. This is also a time for celebration with family.A non-religious celebration in North America is Thanksgiving.Similarly, National Day and Labour Day Holidays are among the non-religious holidays in China. A common tradition is the observance of the New Year as celebrated around the world on January 1st. Therefore, various religious groups celebrate the __7__ New Year on the spring or fall. One common thread that __8__ goes through all these holidays is the celebration of the __9__ occasion with family, food, new clothing, lights, and festivity.They are set apart as special times to be celebrated happily with family and friends. Religious or not religious, each festival or holiday has its own legend or origin behind. __10__ 【答案】 1.celebrating——celebrated.根据意思可以判断这里用的是celebrate的被动意义，“被人们庆祝的”。 2.the——/.“在大部分信奉基督教的地方”用in most of Christian world，most在此处不是最高级，前面不需要定冠词。 3.on——at.on Christmas中的介词on应改为at.at Christmas是固定搭配。 4.rises——arises.这里文中想要表达的意思是交换礼物是由于人们过生日时的传统产生的，而固定搭配arise from正是“因某事物而产生、造成、引起”。如：Are there any matters arising from the the minutes of the last meeting? 5.^time——a.time在这里的意思是“时刻”，所以做可数名词用，因此前面要用不定冠词，指“一个……的时刻”。其实下文中This is also a time for celebration with family.已经间接给出答案了。 6.out——outside；out^——of. out是副词不是介词，所以不能用在名词the houses前面，outside是介词，用在此处表示“在家外面”。 7.Therefore——However.根据上下文判定，这里应该是转折的衔接关系，而不是因果关系。 8.on——in.在某个季节应该用介词in. 9.goes——runs.根据上下文的意思，这里是说“贯穿于这些节日的一条主线”，固定搭配run through 可表达这个意思，而go through的用法中没有此项含义。 10.behind^——it. behind 在此处作介词用，后面需要一个成分，所以用指示代词it指代前面的festival or holiday. 专业八级改错练习－74 Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, that would rather try __1__ switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults were trying to shed __2__ pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by calorie-expending charts; for example, one would have to __3__ briskly walk three miles just to work the 275 calories in one __4__ delicious Danish pastry. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise in itself is a very tough way to lose weight," __5__ says York On nen, the program director of the President's Council on __6__ Physical Fitness and Sports. Therefore, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. __7__ A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who diet __8__ without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. If you decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assumed no __9__ increase in food takein, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the __10__ distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments,you may lose even more weight. 【答案】 1.that——who．that从句修饰的是the average American，而且它是一个非限定性定语从句，而that无法引导一个非限定性定语从句，所以应把that改为who. 2.adults^——who．found后接的从句中主要的动词应该是said，而不是try to shed pounds，所以应该在were前面加上who构成定语从句修饰overweight adults. 3.expending——expenditure．由于caloric是形容词，表示“属于或者关于卡的”，它后面不能接动词的-ing形式，而且expending和charts的关系也不成立，所以应该改为名词expenditure. 4.work^——off．work off有消耗之意，符合文义。 5.in——by（直接把in 去掉也可以吧？）．in itself 表示“本身，本质上”，而我们都知道锻炼是一减肥的好方法，只是不能仅靠锻炼，还需配之以适当的饮食控制，所以应该把in itself换成by itself，表示“单独”。 6.the（program）——在用作同位语表示独一无二的职位的名词之前，通常用零冠词。 7.Therefore——Still/Neverthless．根据上下文，这里要表达的关系是让步，不是因果。 8.diet——dieted．这里叙述的是过去的一项研究。 9.assumed——assuming．assume和you的关系应是主动的，所以应改为assuming. 10.takein——intake．take in 表示“摄入，吸收”，它的名词形式不是take in，而是 intake. 专业八级改错练习－73 Today we take for granted that the mail will be delivered __1__ daily at our door. But many years ago it might have been placed in a tree trunk and underneath a rock. In the early __2__ days of the mail no one could be sure about where or when it will arrive. __3__ At the southern tip of Africa there was once a post office under a rock. At the old days the route from England to __4__ India was around the Cape of Good Hope. The journey was stormy and danger. It took six long months. Sailors often __5__ wished to send mail home, but they seldom met ships bound back to England. So at the cape the sailors would go on ashore. They headed for a certain large stone. On the __6__ stone scratched the words “Look here under for letters.” __7__ They would leave their letters there, knowing that the next homeward ship would stop and pick it up. __8__ There was another post office like this at the southern tip of South America. During the golden rush days, boats __9__ sailed around Cape Horn to California. At Cape Horn was a keg（小桶） nailed to a post. Boats coming from the east coast would send some sailors to this post office. They picked up any letters in the keg. At the same time they mailed letters home that boats sail east could pick up. __10__ 【答案】 1.take for granted 改为take it for granted. take it for granted that: 想当然认为…，在该结构中，it为形式宾语，that引导的从句才是真正宾语。如：Don't take it for granted that you are bond to win. 别想当然地以为你注定会赢。 2.and 改为or,根据句意知，此处应是选择关系，而非并列关系。 3.will改为would.根据句中In the early days和could 知此句主句时态为一般过去时，故其宾语从句中的将来时应为过去将来时，用would. 4.At改为In. at表时间点，如几时几刻：at five o'clock, at 10∶30表一段时间用in, 如：in two years, in a week, in a few days,自然此处the old days 前应用in. 5.danger 改为dangerous. 由于本句是系数结构，故应用形容词；况且从修辞上看既然stormy 有“风暴的”是形容词，后面and 并列的词性也应是形容词。故应将danger 名词改为其形容词dangerous. 6.go on ashore 改为go ashore 或go on shore, ashore 是副词，意为“上岸，在岸上”。此处“上岸”可用go ashore或go on shore来表达。 7.scratched 改为were scratched或they scratched.若用were scratched，则此句为倒装句，主语是words,用过去时和被动语态。若用they scratched，则words是宾语，该句缺主语，根据上下文，加上they即可。 8.it改为them.句中的pick it up 中“it”指的是主句中的letters.根据单复数一致的原则，应用them指代letters. 9.golden改为gold.golden 是形容词，意为“金色的”，“黄金般的”，gold 作名词，意为“黄金”，作形容词，意为“全制的”。故“淘金热”应为“gold rush”。 10.sail 改为sailing.根据boats sail east could pick up 中could为谓动词，到sail 应变为现在分词，作定语，修饰boats.若无字数限制，改成boats which sailed east 这样的定语从句也可以。 专业八级改错练习－72 Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, what he may do, It is __1__ improbable that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in turn. In addition, __2__ life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interesting for older people because __3__ they are too well-known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain, or in the snow. His first visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains: He is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks old people do; he is continually being told not to do things, __4__ or being punished for that he has done wrong. __5__ His life is therefore not longer perfectly happy. __6__ When the young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can not longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortable. If he spends most of his time playing about in __7__ the way that he used to as a child, he will suffer hungry. __8__ And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, therefore, __9__ he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself making __10__ steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society. 【答案】 1.what改为whatever. whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，“不管什么”，whatever在从句中作宾语。 2.turn改为return.短语in turn表示“轮流地; 挨个, 依次; 反过来”，而在这里是指孩子对父母的回报。 3.interesting改为interest.在形容词性物主代词their的后面应跟名词性成分。 4.第一个do改为 are.与前面的is相对应。 5.that改为what. that引导的是定语从句，在本句中应该使用关系代词what，相当于the thing/ things that. 6.not改为no.固定搭配的副词短语“no longer” 7.comfortable改为comfortably.修饰动词live应为副词而不是形容词。 8.suffer改为go或become或be.或把hungry改为hunger. 9.therefore改为however.此处的条件状语从句表示转折。 10.making 改为 make. 专业八级改错练习－71 We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we ive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as __1__ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular __2__ message: the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a __3__ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his __4__ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English __5__ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activetly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience. __6__ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another __7__ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted two most __8__ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs （speech） or by visual signs （writing）. And these are __9__ among most striking of human achievements. __10__ 【答案】 1. agreeing ——agreed 2. ∧words——these/those words 3. in the disposal ——at the disposal 4. enables——enable 5. delete “the” before “other English speakers” 6. old—— older 7. seen —— perceived, understood, comprehended 8. delete “it” before “for granted” 9. And —— Yet; However 10. ∧most —— the most striking 专业八级改错练习－70 Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose academic institutions, fields of study and careers in the basis of __1__ earning potential. In an extensive 1989 survey of college students nationwide, 72 percent of students reported that their primary objective to attending college was to make more money upon graduation. __2__ This state of mind came with the present generation. Studies show that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop themselves, their critically thinking skills and their personal __3__ philosophies of life. Nationaly, the number of students going into business-related fields has sharply increased, and this rise has attributed primarily to __4__ the shift in educational and career priorities. At Duke, economy is __5__ now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of the under-graduates, and history majors comprise only 5 percent of undergraduate __6__population. Thirty years ago the situation was reversed, with economic and business administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of __7__ undergraduates and almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared __8__ themselves history majors. The number of English majors has also decreased,from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5 percent today.Degrees in economics are marketed and likely to garner their holders __9__ of high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school. __10__ And given the objectives of current college students, such options are attractive. 【答案】 1.in——on.词组on the basis of 中须用介词on而不是in. 2.to（attending）——in/of.不要将objective和objective相混淆，object后需加介词to，但这里应用in或者of表示“上大学的目标是……”。 3.critically——critical.thinking在这里已变成名词，因此前面应该用形容词critical来修饰，表示“批判性思维”。 4.^attributed——been.attribute作动词时是及物动词，通常的搭配是 to attribute sth to sth，因此这里应使用被动语态，加上been. 5.economy——economics.economy表示一个国家的“经济”，而economics才表示“经济学”，因此这里应使用economics. 6.and——while/but.and表示顺接，而这里缺少的是一个表示对比的连词，因为历史系学生和经济系学生在人数上形成很大对比，所以应改and 为while或者but. 7.consisting——comprising/constituting或者 consisting^——of.consist的意思是“包括，由……组成”，一般要与介词of连用，而comprise或者constitute则表示“组成……”，而且不需要与of连用。 8.declared——declaring.“almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared themselves history majors”和“economic and business administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of undergraduates"应是并列结构跟随介词with，所以这里应将declared变为declaring，与前面的分句保持形式上的一致。 9.marketed——marketable.原句的意思是“经济学的文凭是有市场的，有销路的”，所以应该是marketable. 10.of（high salaries）——/.garner后面不需加介词of，直接说garner sth即可。 专业八级改错练习－69 Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese is seeing a decline of their __1__ traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has large fulfilled its economic needs, and young people __2__ don't know where they should go next.The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and an entry __3__ of women into the male-dominated job market has limited the opportunities __4__ of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personalsacrifices involved climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good __5__ schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5percent Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared __6__ with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 countries surveyed. __7__ While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics. Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanic learning __8__ over creativity and self-expression. Last year Japan experienced 2,125incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Detoyama,who was then education minister, raised his eyebrow when he argued __9__ that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect of parents." __10__ 【答案】 1.is——are.the加上形容词一类人的时候后面应用动词的复数形式，如：The old receive particular respect in Chinese society. 2.large-largely.这里large是修饰fullfilled的，所以应改为largely，表示“大部分地”，如：The fundis largely financed through government borrowing. 3.the（age）——/.动词词组come of age表示“已成年”，中间不用任何冠词，所以它一旦变为-ing形式仍然保持原样。另外要避免将原句误读成The coming of ,the age of the postwar baby boom,这样断句意思解释不通。 4.has——have.有两个原因限制了青少年进好的学校找到好的工作，这两个原因由and连接作并列主语，所以谓语动词应该用复数。 5.involved^——in.involved后面少了in，表示“关于，涉及到”，如All the children were involved in the school play. 6.^Japanese——of.当percent做名词时，它后面应加上介词of，如：The report states that 42 percent of the alumni contributed to the endowment. 当percent作形容词或者副词时，则不加of.如：There has been a ten percent increase in the number of new students arriving at polytechnic this year. 7.^countries——other.从上句话中可知道Japan也参与了这次普查，因此在这句话里的比较结构中Japan应和其他10个同意参加普查的国家进行比较，所以应注明是10 other countries. 8.mechanic——mechanical.mechanic是名词，表示“制造工，技工”，所以这里应把它改为mechanical表示“机械的”。 9.eyebrow——eyebrows.toraise one's eyebrow 表示“（某事）引起（某人）的惊讶或不赞同”，如：He raised his eyebrows over some of the suggestions. 10.of——for.respect 后面通常跟for接人，表示“对（某人）的尊重”，如：respect for the old. 专业八级改错练习－68 For over 900 years, the Tower of London has served as a loyal __1__ palace and fortress. Today, it's famous for its bloody history and for being the place where the Crown Jewels are kept.But it has served for other purposes, too. It has been the royal arsenal, royal mint, __2__ royal observatory or even the royal zoo. The site of the Tower was __3__ originally part of the Roman city of Londinium. But, in 1066, a foreigner from north west France became King William __4__ of Britain, he ordered that a wooden castle built on the banks of __5__ the river Thames. The purpose of this fortress was to help secure London, the most important city in his view realm. Ten years later,William had the fortress rebuild in stone, and created a great __6__ fortified palace with walls three metre thick. Today, this building __7__ is known as the White Tower, and it stands in the centre of a much larger stone fortress, which was built during later centuries. The Tower now covers the area of seven hectares, and it stands near the __8__ busy financial district of the capital. But, once inside the high stone walls, it's easy to forget the modern world outside and to take a trip back through history. To help visitors explore, there are special ceremonial guards, called Yeoman Warders. They are also known as Beefeaters, and they are the best resource of information about the __9__ Tower's history. Nearly 40 Yeoman live and work in the Tower.They are former soldiers who earned the privilege of serving as __10__ Yeoman after long service. 【答案】 1.loyal——royal. loyal和royal两个词形似容易混淆，前者是“忠实的”，后者是“皇家的，王室的”。 2.for——/.serve the purpose 的意思是“适用，有……的用途”，不需要介词for.如：I don't really think that this piece of furniture serves any useful purpose. 3.or——and.the royal zoo 和前面的the royal arsenal, royal mint, royal observatory都是并列项，所以在最后一项之前应该用and. 4.But^——when;^a——when.原句其实有两个分句， a foreigner from north west France became King William of Britain 和 he ordered that a wooden castle built on the banks of the river Thames,两个分句之间缺少了连词连接。根据逻辑关系，这里应该用表示时间的连接词 when. 5.^built——be.动词order后面的that从句可以是be型虚拟语气，也可以是情态助动词should.所以可以说order that a castle should be built或者order that a castle be bulit.在后一种表达中，表被动的助动词be不能省略。 6.rebuild——rebuilt.这里出现的词组应该是have something done，意思是要求别人做某事。 7.metre——metres.当数词和度量名词之间没有连词符时，名词应该用复数形式。 8.the（area）——an.an area of seven hectares这是一个同位语词组，area前应该用不定冠词。 9.resource——source.resource是“资源”，source是“来源”，所以应该说 a source of information, a source of illness, a source of knowledge等。 10.who^——have.显然earned the privilege of serving as Yeoman这个动作的结果是延续到现在的，应该用现在完成体。 专业八级改错练习－67 Some people say love makes the world go around.Others say it is not love; it's money.Since the __1__ truth is that it is energy that makes the world go around. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible even when food is __2__ converted into energy, which in turns is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. In this __3__ cycle all life depends. It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as many as __4__ they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall,storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard time __5__ in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer. A good case in point is white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer __6__ reproduce, grow,and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in the good condition who __7__ has conceived in November and was given birth to two fawns __8__ during the end of May and first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to reproduce milk for her fawns. The __9__ best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process —— it requires a lot of food. The need can be met unless the region has __10__ ample food resources. 【答案】 1.Since——however/But.该句子与前面两个句子在意义和逻辑上是转折关系，而since只能引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句。 2.even——only.用only强调条件when food is converted into energy，表示“只有当食物转化为能量时”，而even没有这个意思。 3.In——On .此处实际上考查的是depend on，为了强调状语，把on this cycle放在了句首，正常的顺序应该是“All life depends on this cycle”。 4.many——much.这里much指代的是不可数名词food. 5.time——times/根据上下文的语境，此处time为“某一时期的生活状况，环境等”的含义，一般用复数形式times，再如：We lived through terrible times during the war years. 6.is^——the.这句话是说：一个很好的例子是白尾鹿。这里是表示特指，所以white-tailed deer前面应该有定冠词the. 7.the——in good condition为一个习语，good前面没有冠词。再如：The goods arrived in good condition. 8.was——句子的主语是怀孕的成年母鹿，与give birth to 是施动者与动作的关系，不应用被动语态。 9.reproduce——produce.根据常识和上下文的内容母鹿所需的能量是为了产奶（produce milk），而不是繁殖奶（reproduce milk）。 10.can^——not.句中用到的是“not…unless…”这一固定结构表示“除非…，才能…”。 专业八级改错练习－66 Is language, as food, a basic human need? Judging __1__ from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the 13th century it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard mother __2__ tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. Today no such drastic deprivation exists as ordered __3__ by Frederick. Furthermore, some children are still __4__ backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes away and they might never be __5__ learned so easily again. Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age. But there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns up to be of high IQ. Recent __6__ evidence suggests that an infant is born of the __7__ capacity to speak. But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother realizes the cues and __8__ signals in the child's babbling, grasping, crying,smiling, and responds to it. Insensitivity of the __9__ mother to these signals dulls the interation because the child gets discouraged and sends out only obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's verbal cues is __10__ essential to the growth and development of language. 【答案】 1.as——like. 作为介词，as是“作为”的意思；like是“像……一样”的意思。as用在此处显然句意不通。 2.^mother——no.根据下文提到的he told the nurses to keep silent 可以判断出，此处应该为if he heard no mother tongue，即：如果听不到母语，孩子会讲什么语言。 3.as^——that.句中的as是一个介词，后面缺少宾语，后面添加的that替代the deprivation，而ordered by Frederick 是一个过去分词短语，做定语修饰that. 4……Furthermore——Neverthless/However.Furthermore表示的是递进关系，而这一句话与前一句话明显构成的是转折关系。 5.away——动词pass是指“经过，通过，流逝”，而pass away是指“去世，死亡”，用在此处不和文意。 6.up——out.短语turn up的意思是“出现，找到”，而turn out 的意思是“结果证明是……”，这句话的意思是说：有些情况是说话比较迟的孩子，最终却被证明智商很高。 7.of——with.be born with……意思是“与生俱来的……”是一固定短语搭配。 8.realizes——recognizes.realize意思是“认识到，了解”，recognize的意思是“识别，认可”，可见recognize符合文章意思：语言需要激发，而这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动，在互动当中，母亲识别孩子的牙牙学语声和笑声哭声中的暗示和信号。 9.it——them.此处指代的词是cues and signals，所以，代词应该用复数形式them. 10.verbal——nonverbal.根据上文判断，babbling，prasping，crying，smiling均为非言语信号，所以是nonverbal. 专业八级改错练习－65 The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technical knowledge and skill. You __1__ must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and a new working environment, and __2__ the personality to do the job and fit into a new team. But there are other personal skills affect your success __3__ in a job. These include getting on with people, oral or __4__ written communication, team working, problem solving and good time management. Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognize when they see it. __5__ However, people are actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to recruiters as much as __6__ anyone else. In fact a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that "some interviewers are so poor they would do better to rely on chances." In companies which recognize this, various methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common __7__ is the structured interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interniew, though not as affective as using tests or __8__ assessment centers. In a structured interview, the interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job __9__ specification under various headings. There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology's Seven-Point Plan the Five-Fold Grading System. The interviewers score candidates for how well they fit the job specification. __10__ 【答案】 1.skill——skills．skill一词为可数名词，所以要用复数形式。 2.and^（a）——to．在a前面加上to.句子中的a new working environment 和 new ways of working 并列充当adapt to 的宾语，介词to 在此不可以省略。 3.affect——affecting或者^affect——that/which．这句话已经有谓语动词are了，所以动词affect可以以现在分词的形式affecting出现，做定语修饰前面的other personal skills；在affect前面加上that或者which，以定语从句的形式修饰other personal skills. 4.or——and．全方面的交际能力应该包括“oral和written”两部分的，而不是其中之一。 5.^when——it．宾语从句中的谓语动词recognize为及物动词，气后应该接宾语，it在此处指代what they are looking for. 6.and——one another 为固定的搭配，意思是“互相，彼此”。 7.correct——right．right和correct当作“对的，正确的”解的时候为同义词，可以替换使用；但此处right应为“适宜的，合适的”，不可以与correct互换。 8.affective——effective．effective意思是“有效的，产生预期效果的”，在此与上下文的意思相吻合；而affective的意思是“情感的，表达感情的”。 9.listing-listed．这里用listed表被动意义。 10.for——against．score……against……可以看作一个固定的搭配，其意思是“根据……打分（评判）”。这个用法好像比较少见。 专业八级改错练习－64 Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic. While experience taught him this was impossible, __1__ he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __2__ 1000 B.C.there were weather seers in Babylon——and priests clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3__ the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4__ methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5__ factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6__ were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7__ predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mild weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough." Insects and animals were also __8__ favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9__ lamp , then the air is always damp ." "If spiders their cobwebs forsake , the weather will for certain break ." "If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10__ rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray . Me thinks we'll have some rain today ." 【答案】 1.While—When或After.本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic. when/after 引导时间状语 2.in—than.earlier是early的比较级，其后应有than 3.those之后加who.who引导定语从句 4. 删除advance前的the.in advance为习语 5. take—have.have connection with 为习语 6. controlled—controlling或在controlled前加that/which.controlling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors 7. and—or.rain和draught只能是二者之一 8. 删除is.与上文平衡，均为省略句 9. before—when/if.条件句 10. will—would.if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时 专业八级改错练习－63 It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband. After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10__often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull. 【答案】 1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation 2.it—both．指代上文的US和Great Britain 3.that—which 4.sufficient—sufficiently．修饰形容词用副词 5. indicated—indicating 6.began—ended．根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日（《独立宣言》发表），直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。 7. for—as．be known for意为“因……而众所周知” 8. is—was．美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家 9.to—with．compare to 意为“把……比作……”compare with意为“与……比较，与……匹敌，与……竞争” 10. 删掉name和originated之间的was 专业八级改错练习－62 The word encyclopedia began as a Greek word and means"instruction in the whole circle." It was the first used in __1__ English by sir Thomas Eloyt in 1538. Encyclopedias today are usually arranged in alphabetical order, but in early times they were arranged in any way the author liked. One writer in the Middle Ages began with a discussion of God and angels and end with descriptions of scents and colors and __2__ a list of 36 different kinds of eggs. The first alphabetically arranged encyclopedia was published in 1704 by an English clergyman named after John Harris. __3__ The oldest encyclopedia in reality was written during the __4__ first century A.D. by Plainy, a Roman. Its 37 volumes list over 20 thousand items. It is valued highly for hundreds __5__ of years. Up to 1536 43 editions had been published. The largest encyclopedia, the third Chinese encyclopedia containing over 5020 volumes and was compiled during the __6__ eighteenth century. Between 1751 and 1765 the French Encyclopedia appeared. This collecton was usual because __7__ contemporary famous men, imcluded Voltarie, Rousseau, and __8__ Diderot, wrote aticles for it. The Encyclopedia Britannica is probably the best known work for English-speaking people. It first appeared in Scotland __9__ in 1771. In 1961 the world Book Company published a braille edition of its encyclopedia for blind readers. __10__ 【答案】 1. 去掉first前面的the 2. end—ended．ended与began一同做谓语 3. 去掉named后面的after 4. reality—existence．此处表示“现存的” 5. is—was 6. containing—contains 7. ususl—unusual 8. included—including 9. people—peoples．表示“民族” 10. its之后加own．强调该百科全书属于the world book company特有 专业八级改错练习－61 The tendency nowadays to wander in wildernesses is delightful to see. Thousands of tired, nerve-shaking, over-civilized people are __1__ beginning to find out that going to mountains is going home; that wildness is a necessity; and mountain parks and reservations are __2__ useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, and as __3__ fountains of life. Awakening from the stupefying effects of the vicious of over-industry and the deadly apathy of luxury, they are __4__ trying as best they can to mix and enrich their own little ongoings with that of Nature, and to get rid of rust and disease. Briskly __5__ venturing and roaming, some are washing off sins and cares of the devil's spinning in storms on mountains, bending down and parting sweet, flowery sprays; tracing rivers back their sources, getting in __6__ touch with the nerves of Mother Earth; jumping from rock to rock,panting in whole-souled exercise, and rejoicing in deep, long-drawn breathes of pure wildness. This is fine and natural and full of promise. __7__ So also was the growing interest in the care and preservation of __8__ forests and wild places in general, and in the half wild parks and gardens of towns. Even the scenery exists in its most artificial forms, mixed with spectacles, silliness, and kodaks; its devotees arrayed gorgeously than scarlet tanagers, frightening the wild game __9__ with red umbrellas,——even this is encouraging, and may well be regarded as a hopeful sign of times. __10__ 【答案】 1.nerve-shaking——nerve-shaken．句中用的是shake“动摇（信心，信念）”这一意义，而作为这个意思是，shake是及物动词，例如：She was shaken by the crisis.所以作为名词定于应该用它的-ed形式。 2.mountain ——that．谓语动词词组find out 后面实际上有三个并列的宾语从句，当宾语从句并列时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。而人们常常把最后一个宾语从句的引导词that省略掉。 3.and——but．前文中有一个“not only”，那么后面必须要有“but（also）”与之对应，否则这个结构便是不完整的。 4.vicious——vice．vicious是形容词，它对应的名词形式是vice. 5.that——those．代词和它的先行词必须保持单复数的一致，原文中that的先行词应该是on-goings，那么应该用that的复数形式those. 6.back——to．trace back to 的意思是“追溯到”，其中副词back可以省略，然而介词to是不可以缺少的。 7.breathes——breaths．breathe和breath这两个词容易混淆，前者是动词，后者是名词，这里是名词形式，所以用breath的复数形式breaths. 8.was——is．虽然这一句很长，它的结构是动词替代“so+代动词do+somebody”最简短反应。代动词do包括助动词be、have、do等情态助动词。在一般情形下，代动词do的时态与前句是一致的。 9.gorgeously——more．既然这个句子中有“than”，那么就应该有比较级与之搭配。 10.times——the．表示时代是，要用复数加定冠词the times.如：He is not willing to move with the times. 专业八级改错练习－60 Three passions have governed my life: the longing for love, the search into knowledge, and the unbearable __1__ pity for the suffering of mankind.I have sought of love, first, because it brings ecstasy——ecstasy so great because I would often have __2__ sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness——that terrible loneliness which one shivering consciousness __3__ looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, then, because in the __4__ union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven where saints and poets __5__ have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what——at last——i have found.With equal passionate I have sought knowledge. I have wished __6__ to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know whythe stars shine……A little this, but not much, I have achieved. __7__ Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible,led upward toward the heavens. But it always pity brought __8__ me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate inmy heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors,helpless old people——a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain make a mock of what __9__ human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot,and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth of living, and would gladly live it again if the chance __10__ were offered me. 【答案】 1.into-for．search into意思是“调查”，这里要表示“寻找”，应该用词组search for. 2.because-that．原句意思是：我追寻过爱，首先是因为他带来狂喜——莫大的狂喜，我常会为了几个小时的这种喜悦吧我的余生都牺牲掉。“so……that”句型表示因果关系。 3.^which-in．这句的意思是：我追寻过爱，再者是因为它能排遣寂寞——陷入那种可怕的寂寞，一颗颤抖的心灵在世界的边缘之上俯瞰冰冷，深不见底、毫无生息的深渊。which做关系代词引导从句修饰loneliness，同时定语从句本身主谓语结构完整，因此应在which前面加上in，表示“在这种寂寞中”，做状语。 4.then-finally/lastly．前文已经出现了表示列举的first、next，此句之后也没有再列举其他理由，所以此处应该表示列举最后一条原因，应为finally或者lastly. 5.where-that/which．此处heaven是先行词，后边的定语从句只缺少宾语，不能用关系副词where，应该用关系代词that或者which. 6.passionate-passion．with是介词，后面应跟名词，而passionate是形容词，故改为passion. 专业八级改错练习－59 The Indian coastal belt has not recorded many Tsunamis in the past.Waves companying earthquake activity have been reported over __1__ the North Bay of Bengal. During an earthquake in 1881 which has its __2__ epicenter near the centre of the Bay of Bengal, Trsunamis were reported.The earthquake of 1941 in Bay of Bengal caused some damage in Andaman region. This was unusual because most Tsunamis were generated by __3__ shocks which occur at or near the flanks of continental slopes. During the earthquake of 1819 and 1845 near the Rann of Kutch, __4__ there were rapid movements of water into sea. __5__ There is no mention of waves resulting in these earthquakes along __6__ the coast adjacent the Arabian sea, and it is unlikely that Tsunamis __7__ were generated. Further west, in the Persian Gulf, the 1945 Merkran earthquake generated Tsunami of 12 to 15 metres height. This caused a huge deluge, with considerate loss of life and property at Ormara __8__ and Pasi. The estimated height of Tsunami at Gulf of Combay was 15m and no report of damage is available. The estimated height of __9__ waves was about 2 metres at Mumbai, which boats were taken away __10__ from their moorings and casualties occurred. 【答案】 1.companying-accompanying. 动词accompany和名词company不要混淆。company是名词，除了“公司”的意思之外，还有“陪伴，伙伴”的意思。比如：Keep somebody company（陪伴某人），have no company（没有伙伴）。accompany作为动词“陪伴”的意思，如：accompany somebody on a trip. 2.has-had.这里讲的是1881年的地震，应该用过去时态。 3.were-are.虽然主句是过去时态，但是because从句中讲的是没有时间限制的一般道理，不因为时间的改变而改变，所以应该用现在时态。 4.earthquake-earthquakes.这里说的是1819和1845年的两次地震，所以对应的名词应该是复数形式。 5.^sea-the.sea 前通常要带定冠词，这属于习惯用法。另外，表示具体的海洋，江河等名词前通常也有定冠词。 6.in-from.result in 和result from的区别是：前者介词in后面跟结果，后者介词from后面跟原因。从上下文来看，是说地震引起海浪，所以应该用from. 7.adjacent^-to.形容词adjacent可以直接放在名词前做定语，例如：an adjacent city（一个临近的城市）。但是如果做后置定语就要和介词to搭配，例如： a city adjacent to Shanghai. 8.considerate-considerable.considerate意思为 “体贴的，周到的”，considerable意思是“相当大的，相当多的”。（这个词在57期也刚改过的，现在完全记住了吧^_^） 9.and-but.前文说12到15米高的海啸给Ormara和Pasi两个地方带来了很大的损失，而Combay海湾的海啸有15米高，却没有灾难记录。从前后句的逻辑关系来看，二者是对比转折，所以应该用but. 10.whcih-where.先行词是Mumbai，在非限制性关系分句中做地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导。 专业八级改错练习－58 Yesterday afternoon John and I were walking along a road where we heard someone shout "Help! Help!" He was in __1__ a lake, about a hundred feet from the shore. There was a __2__ small boat nearby. We knew immediately what happened. __3__ He had fallen out of the boat and could not swim good enough __4__ to reach it or to get to the shore. As we ran towards the lake I saw him sunk, and I was certain that he would drown. But in __5__ a moment his head appeared again. Quickly John took out his __6__ shoes, jumped into the water and started swimming toward the drowned man. He reached him just as the man went down __7__ again. He was close enough as to stretch out his hand and try __8__ to take hold of the man's clothes or his hair before he sank.But the man threw out his arms in fear, caught John across the __9__ neck, and began to draw him down under the water. John fought to keep his head above the water and at the same time tried to swim toward the boat, pulled the man with him. __10__ 【答案】 1. where—when 2. a lake—the lake．据上下文判断，这是指离海边唯一的湖泊，因此用定冠词 3.在happened前加had 4. good—well．副词well修饰swim 5.sunk—sinking．现在分词表示正在进行的动作 6. out—off 7. drowned—drowning．drowned意味着此人已经被淹死了，drowning表示正在进行，快要淹死了 8. 去掉as．直接由to stretch作状语 9. across—around．across意味“穿过”，即“穿过他的脖子”，意义不通顺。改为around即为“抱着他的脖子”，合乎逻辑和本文意义 10. pulled—pulling 专业八级改错练习－57 2008-10-23 16:38 Industrial growth in countries had formerly been markets __1__ hastened regional self-sufficiency and, in the consequence, __2__ hastened the collapse of organized long-distance trade. This process was intensified by the spread of a new metal, iron.In almost 1400 B.C. new smelting techniques led to the high __3__ temperatures which could produce an iron superior in strength to bronze. Probably developing in northeastern __4__ Turkey, this process spread over Europe considerately more __5__ rapidly than the art of processing bronze.This rapid spread was due not only particularly war and the movements __6__ of people, but chiefly, to the wide occurence of iron ore as well. __7__ Iron was available for smelting in almost every land and, in efficiency,iron forging offered almost every country the __8__ prospect of economical self-sufficiency. It was eagerly seized __9__ upon, and the bottom fell out of the bronze market and the general economics. Trade stagnated, ships were laid up, and __10__ a recession set in. 【答案】 1. had前加that/which．由that/which引导定语从句 2. 去掉the．in consequence of 为习语 3. almost—about/around 4. developing—developed．过去分词表示该工艺已经开发完成 5. considerately—considerably．两者为形近词，前者意为“体谅地，体贴地”，后者则是“相当地” 6. 在war前加to．此处为due not only to……but chiefly to……的结构 7. occurence—occurrence．拼写错误 8. efficiency—effect．in effect为习语，相当于in fact 9. economical—economic．前者意味“节省的，经济的”，后者意为“经济状况的，与经济相关的” 10. economics—economy．前者意为“经济学”，后者意为“经济” 专业八级改错练习－56 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you can't help being strucked by the __1__ appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__ short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicurous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__ There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__ by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__ have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__ style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year,a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down __7__ on the law and women whole world over run to obey. The __8__ decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__ waist will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__ 【答案】 1. strucked—struck或strucken．过去分词形式有误.strike的过去式是struck，过去分词为struck或strucken．据广大同学的答案及我自己的理解，before在此也应该是错的，改为ago的同学也是对的！有问题可以短消息我． 2. date—dated（个人认为outdated一类的词也可以，欢迎商榷）．look为系动词，其后应该是形容词，构成系表结构 3. on other hand—on the other hand 4. entire—entirely．副词修饰形容词different，并与different一起修饰age 5. minority—majority．从上下文以及常识判断，多半男性成功抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图，即多年来，男性的服装款式与女士服饰相比没有多大变化 6. it—them．them代表the great majority of men 7. fewer—few．此处没有比较的意思 8. 去掉on．lay on为习语，表示“ 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 （ 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf ，原则，法规等）” 9. Sometime—Sometimes．sometime为“在任何时候”，sometimes为“有时” 10. height—high 专业八级改错练习－55 Culture in general is concerned about beliefs and values on the __1__ basis of which peope interpret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. Broadly and simply putting, "culture" refers to a __2__ group or community with that you share common experiences that __3__ shape the way how you understand the world. Culture is the "lens" __4__ through which you view the world, it is central to what you see,how you make sense of what you see, and how you express yourself. Culture is often at the root of communication challenges. Exploring historical experiences and the ways in which various cultural groups have related to each other is key to open channels for cross- __5__ cultural communication. Becoming more beware of cultural differences, __6__ as well as exploring cultural similarities, can help you comminicate with the others more effectively. Next time you find yourself __7__ a confusing situation, ask yourself how culture may be shaping your __8__ own reactions, and try to see the world from the other's point of view. Anthropologists discovered that, when faced by interaction that we do not understand, people tend to interpret the others involved as "abnormal", "weird" or "wrong". Awareness of cultureal differences and recognizing where cultural differences are in work __9__ is the first step toward understanding each other and establish your __10__ own assumptions about the "right" way of doing things and as a chance to learn new ways to solve problems. 【答案】 1.about——with.concerned 作为形容词既可以和about搭配，也可以和with搭配，意思有所不同，前者是“为……担心”，后者是“与……有关”。文中应取后者之意。 2.putting——put,put可以有“表达”的意思，broadly put是“从广义上说”，simply put 意思是“简单地说”，这次词组中的put实际上是动词put的过去分词。同样的意思也可以用不定式词组表示，如：to put it simply， to put it bluntly. 3.（with）that——which.如果关系分句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的，那么这个代词只能是which 或whom. 4.how——how不用于引导关系分句。先行词the way后面的关系分句可以用in which引导，也可以省略。但是，how可以引导名词性分句，相当于the way in which. 5.open——opening.be key to 词组中to是介词，而不是不定时标记，所以其后应当跟-ing分词，而不是动词不定式。 6.beware——aware.beware 是动词，所以不能说become beware of. 7.the——the others指除了已经提及的以外余下的，而others仅指“一些”。 8.“find+somebody/something+in a particular situation”表示“发现某人/某物处于某种状态”，宾语somebody/something之后可以是形容词、分词、介词词组等。 9.in——at.work和不同的介词搭配表示不同的含义。“in work”表示“有工作”，“at work”的意思是“在起作用”。 10.establish——establishing.在这句话里understaning和establishing实际上是两个并列的分词，都是介词towards的宾语。 专业八级改错练习－54 Middle age has its compensations. Youth is bound hand and foot with the shackles of public opinion. Middle age enjoys freedom.I remember that when i left the school i said to myself: __1__ "Hence forward. I can get up when i like and go to bed when i like." That of course was an exaggeration, and i soon found that whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to achieve it. But by the time you have reached middle age you discovered how __2__ much freedom it was worth to sacrifice in order to achieve any aim that __3__ you have on view. When i was a boy i was tortured by shyness, __4__ and middle age has to a great extent brought me a relief of this. I __5__ have now no such feeling and i save myself much discomfort. I always hated cold water, but for many years i bath in cold seas because __6__ i wanted to be like everybody. __7__ It was until quite late in life that i discovered how easy it was __8__ to say:"i don't know." i find with middle age no one expects me to walk twenty-five miles, or to play a scratch game of golf, or to dive from a height of thirty feet. This is all to the good and makes life pleasant, but i should no longer care if they do. That is what makes __9__ youth unhappy, the vehement anxiety to be like other people, and that is what makes middle age intolerable, the reconciliation with __10__ oneself. 【答案】 1.去掉the.to leave school 表示“毕业，离开学校”，当中不能加定冠词，否则就表示离开特点的一所学校。 2.^discovered——have.由by引导的时间状语从句主语一般都用完成体，所以这里应在discovered前加上have. 3.worth——worthwhile.这句话如果用正常的语序说应该是：it is worth to sacrifice how much freedom in order to achieve any aim……这样看显然worth的用法是错的，应改为worthwhile，原句的意思是：但是当你步入中年时便会发现，为了实现一个目标值得你牺牲多少自由……。 4.on——in.应该是have something in view表示“看得见……”，所以应改为in view，而不是on view. 5.of——from.如果名词relief表示“从……得以解脱”时，要用介词from而不是of，如：to seek/find/provide relief from the heat/cold/pain/noise. 6.bath——bathed.bath是名词，而在这里需要一个动词，bathe是动词，所以应改为bathed. 7.everybody^——else.everybody就已经包括了说话人自己，所以这里应改为everybody else. 8.^until——not.中文里的“直到……才……”在英文里就要加上not，变成“not until……that……”，所以要在原文until签名加上not. 9.do——did.句子i should no longer care if they do用的是虚拟语气，是对现实的不真实的假设，所以用if从句后加did. 10.intolerable——tolerable.青年人和中年人的区别在于能使青年人不快乐的事情中年人都可以忍受。这也是中年的好处所在，所以此句中的intolerable应该改为tolerable. 专业八级改错练习－53 Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable;they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a __1__ fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimuli that __2__ produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not to be real: a __3__ mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of __4__ only one eye when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to __5__ eyes opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. __6__ In one study, when American four-year-old were asked to draw __7__ people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent __8__ of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, furthermore, where babies __9__ are carried on their mother's back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, __10__ Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. 【答案】 1.^they-that．分句后的分句应有它独立的主谓结构，正像它前面的结构一样。而后半句的谓语是is，表语是fact，主语似乎是缺失的，因此在they前面加上that就构成了主语从句作为这半句的主语。 2.stimuli-stimulus．stimuli看似单数实则是stimulus的复数形式，因此应改为stimulus. 3.to-/．这里的need作情态动词，因此删去to. 4.or-nor．并列的否定，用否定形式nor表示倒装。 5.on-in．in profile表示 “侧面，从侧面”。如：The painting shows her in profile. 6.^opposed-as．opposed前应使用连词as引导比较分句。 7.old-olds．由谓语的复数形式可以看出这里需要用复数形式four-year-olds. 8.and-but 9.furthermore-however．上一句话指明美国文化中眼睛的重要性，而这一句话似乎指出日本文化中眼睛并不具有同样的重要性，因此两句话的关系是转折而不是递进。 10.like-as．句子中有一个as……as比较结构。 专业八级改错练习－52 Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated from London to New York City when she was ten year's old. One day, she decided that she wanted __1__ to be a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. Before writing __2__ many letters seeking an admission to medical school, she __3__ was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. Therefore __4__ determined she was that she taught in school and gave __5__ music lessons to earn money for her tuition. In 1849,until graduating from medical school, she decided __6__ to farther her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, __7__ but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.Upon returning to the US, she found difficult to start her __8__ own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, managed to open a new hospital,the first for woman and children. Besides being the first __9__ female physician and found her own hospital, she also __10__ established the first medical school for women. 【答案】 1. year's—years 2. Before—After.此处是讲述Elizabeth Blackwell写了许多信之后，最终被费城的一个医生所接受。 3. 删掉an.admission是不可数名词。 4. Therefore—So.此处隐藏着一个so……that……结构 5. 删掉in.teach school为固定搭配，教书 6. until—after.据时间顺序，她是1849年从医学院毕业后决定去巴黎深造。 7. farther—further.farther只能做副词，further既可以做副词也可以做动词，此处就是further做动词，并带有宾语her education. 8. 在difficult前加it.it做形式宾语，替代不定式to start her own practice. 9. woman—women.如果用一个人或东西说明整个类属的特点，有三种表示方式：在名词前加不定冠词；在名词前加定冠词；用名词的复数形式。此处就是使用名词的复数形式表示类属，women and children. 10. found—founding.与being一样作介词besides的宾语。 专业八级改错练习－51 Something has been happening to the concept of "fiction",either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, __1__ this concept operated under common understood restrictions. __2__ It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain __3__ aspect of literature in general——the element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, __4__ scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained __5__ a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of "fiction" has undergone an extension. Though still used to __6__ refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to __7__ be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is __8__ not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the "message" or "world view" conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter. Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind __9__ of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all __10__ meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that "life" and "reality" are themselves fictions. 【答案】 1. either—both．both……and……为固定搭配。 2. common—commonly．过去分词understood作定语，需要副词修饰 3. 在第二个a certain前加to，与前面的to短语并列，都为refer to所加的短语 4. like—as 或 删掉such．such……as为固定搭配。如删掉such则为单独由like引出所举的说明性的例子 5. contained—containing．现在分词做定语，相当于定语从句。 6. extension—expansion．extension与expansion为形近词，前者强调纵向的扩大，增加或延长，后者着重多方位的，全面的发展和扩大。 7. work—works．此处指的是文学作品，常用works. 8. 删掉being．整篇文章都为一般现在时。 9. Gone—Going．现在分词作状语，表示动作由主语发出。 10. although—because．应该是原因状语从句，而不是让步状语从句。 专业八级改错练习－50 Transport can be a major expense for many companies,especially when cars have to be provided for both managerial and sale staff. __1__ As a result, it's important to keep a close eye at the many costs __2__ associated with company cars and how these different costs compare. The moment a new car is driven away from the showroom,its value will drop as much as 12 percent. This is what is __3__ known as depreciation and is the largest single cost to the buyer of a new vehicle. Depreciation is the highest in the __4__ first two years of a vehicle's life: at the end of that period a car could be worth just the third of its brand new price. __5__ Although the rate of depreciation decreases as time goes by, it remains a major cost factor, as around 85 percent of company vehicles are brought brandly new. __6__ However, it is important to know that some cars depreciate much more than others——regardless of price. This is often __7__to do with rarity and prestige value. The more common the car, the more quickly, in general, it loses vaule. Exported __8__ models, which are restricted in number, can hold their value better than those are produced domestically and widely available. __9__ In the same way, depreciation on a new model of a particular make may be low for the first few years after their launch. __10__ This happened when diesel cars were first introduced. They depreciated more slowly when they were rarely seen; now that they are relatively common, this is no longer true. 【答案】 1. sale—sales.名词做定语时一般用单数形式，但在个别情况下也需要用复数。此处sales便是这种情况。再如 arms race 军备竞赛，savings bank储蓄银行。 2. at—on.keep an eye on为固定搭配。 3. drop后面加by.by与as much as 12 percent结合，做谓语动词drop的表示程度的状语。 4. 删除highest之前的the 5. the—a.序数词表示次序时要用定冠词修饰。 6. brandly—brand.“崭新地”习惯用brand new或brand-new，此处修饰brought，做状语，意义相当于“崭新地”。 7. more—less.less所在的句子是该段落的主题句，据该段落的细节可知应为less. 8. Exported—Imported.根据常识，进口车由于其进口的数量受到限制，有可能比国产车贬值得慢一些。 9. are之前加which/that 或 删除are.要么使用定语从句修饰those，妖媚用形容词做those的补足语。 10. their—its/the.据上下文，its或the指代或特指a new model of a particular make 专业八级改错练习－49 DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world had ever known,exposed nature's vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effect- __1__ tiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDT is __2__ capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during the World War II, cleaning __3__ South Pacific islands of malaria-caused insects for U.S. troops, while __4__in Europe being used as an effective de-lousing power. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize. __5__ When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second thought about this __6__ new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale,who warned, “A spray as discriminate as DDT can upset the economy __7__ of nature of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things __8__ go out of kilter right away.” Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader's Digest to propose an article about series of __9__ tests on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in Maryland. __10__ 【答案】 1.which—whose.whose在这里作关系限定词，与effectiveness构成名次词组在关系分句里作主语。whose的主语可以是人，也可以是物。 2.destroy—destroying.be limited to 词组里的to并不是不定式标记to，而是介词to，要谨访介词to“冒充”不定式to.其他类似的词组还有be opposed to, object to, get used to等等。 3.cleaning—clearing.clean和clear这对形近而且意近的动词容易被混淆，但是clean指“使某地方没有灰尘，使干净”，而clear强调“清理不需要的东西，而且clear 可与of连用，而clean很少。（这两个词的改错之前也有遇到过，大家都要记住啦！） 4.caused—causing.此句中malaria－causing insects 相当于insects that caused malaria，因此是主动关系，所以应选择-ing形式。 5.by－/.the Nobel Prize实际上是award的另一个宾语，还原成主动结构是…awarded the inventor the Nobel Prize.所以这里应删掉by. 6.the－/.短语second thought或second thoughts意为“仔细斟酌，三思”，如：Robert didn't give a second thought to borrowing $2,000 from him. 7.discriminate－indiscriminate.discriminate有“区别”之意，indiscriminate意为“不加以选择，不分青红皂白”。从上下文来看DDT的特点是没有分辨性：它既能杀死有害的昆虫又能杀死有益的昆虫。 8.but－and/so.本句的两个意群的关系是顺接，不是转折，因此应选用顺接的连词，如and和so等。 9.^series－a.series这个名词属于单数复数同形，它经常与a和of构成词组a series of表示“一系列的”。 10.which－where.from这个介词后面应接一个介词表具体方位，因此这里只能用表方位的副词where. 专业八级改错练习－48 Humankind's future safety and longevity of life on Earth largely depend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we __1__ breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making this earth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozone layer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet. Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, __2__ the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut down trees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries __3__ have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakes and swamps are spread with debris. __4__ Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant __5__ use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. __6__ Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that live on their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused __7__ the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya. The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trends in variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin __8__ cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problems in order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases __9__ that rise from the damage that pollution causes. __10__ 【答案】 1.^which－in 此处的介词其实是和live连用的，live in the environment. 2.deal^－with.deal with是固定搭配，意思是“解决，处理”。 3.make^－way.根据上下文可以断定此处文章要说的是“人们烧，伐树木为的是给开垦农田让路。”make way for something.是“给……让路”，符合此处需要的意思。 4.spread－polluted/littered.这里的关键是要知道debris的意思是“碎片，残骸等”，所以根据上下文这里的意思是“湖泊和湿地被一些碎片残骸所污染或弄得凌乱不堪”才符合逻辑。 5.^Abundan－the.此处不是泛指，而是特指，所以要有定冠词。 6.as－like.此处是拿中国举例，所以要用介词like“像……一样”。 7.cause－causing.此处定于分句是主动的意义。 8.variant改为various.variant是“变体的，变种的”，而various表示“不同的”，符合此处意思。 9.get^of－rid.固定搭配get rid of 是“摆脱”的意思。 10.rise－arise 专业八级改错练习－46 Act natural! Don't be nervous! Well, that's easier said than done when you're standing in front of a group of people and delivering what, at that point in time, feels like the most important public appearance you've ever made. Have you dressed right? Is your hair __1__ all in place? Can you see you sweating? __2__ Have you heard Winston Churchill? What about Dr. Martin Luther __3__ King Jr. and Abraham Lincoln? What do all these people have in common? They are famous people who made famous speeches. John F. Kennedy, in his presidential inaugural address said: “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” We always admire people who are eloquent as that, and __4__ we all wish we could be so eloquent ourselves. Have you ever drew special attention to other people speaking __5__ in the public? __6__ What are qualities that a person needs in order to make a great __7__ speech? There is an old Chinese saying that went, “A man is good __8__ because of his mouth, and a horse is good because of its legs.” Humans has the ability to communicate through speech, and in speech __9__ We have a special opportunity to make impact. Sometimes, it's a __10__ lasting one. 【答案】 1.Have－Are.dress “某人着装，穿衣”的用法是 somebody be dressed/get dressed. 2.Can you－they.根据上下文可以看出这里是说在公众面前演讲你会注意你在公众面前的形象，穿得是否得体，头发是否整齐，比人会不会看出你正紧张得出汗等问题。所以此处的人称代词应该是“他们（别人，公众）”，而不是指“你自己”。 3.heard^－of/about.这里意思是说“你听说过吗？" 4.as－like.这里用like 表示“像……一样”，意义上才合理。As作为介词时意思是“作为”。 5.drew－paid.根据上下文，这里是说你有没有注意到其他在公众场合讲演的人，而不是说你引起什么人的注意。 6.the－/; in－to.the public 是指人，“公众，民众”，所以可以说speak to the public.In public 是固定用法，指“公开的，公然。 7.^qualities－the.qualities后面紧跟着限定性定语从句，所以是特指，前面需要加定冠词。 8.went改为goes.这里是时态保持一致的问题。此处的前后都是用的一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时。 9.has改为have.humans是可数名词复数，所以后面的谓语动词要和主语保持一致。 10.^impact—an.impact 作“影响”解时，是可数名词，通常都用单数形式，所以impact前面需要一个不定冠词an，此处“产生影响”是make an impact.后面的it's a lasting one 已经给了我们解题的线索，a lasting one 就是指 a lasting impact. 专业八级改错练习－45 The growth of the world's population and its pressure to resources __1__ threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes __2__ 100,000 years of human existence for the world to reach its 1997population of 5.85 billion people. The increase of 80 million people in 1996 alone is the equivalent of a new U.S population every 3.4years or new Canadian population every 138 days. The UN population Fund predicts that by the year 2050, the world population have __3__ exploded to 10 billion people. This would double in less than a century the already bulging population who existed when it reached __4__ 5 billion in 1987. The chemicals we spew into the air also cause disease. For example, they attack the Earth's ozone layer, which helps shield the Earth away the Sun's deadly ultraviolet rays. It is well established __5__ that the ozone layer has thinned considerably during recent decades.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, __6__ melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 __7__ Americans to 3,650. This 213 percent increase means that 40,300 Americans diagnosed with melanoma in 1997 and 3,650 died of the __8__ disease. There are some scientists who believe that pollution is even threatening the ability of humans to produce. Chemicals which are __9__ used to make pesticides, plastic, and other products are finding their ways into the human food chain through fish and even through __10__ breast milk. 【答案】 1.to—on.“给……造成的压力”应表述为 one's pressure on something, 名次pressure 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 和介词on搭配。 2.takes—took.句中的时间所指是1997年，所以必须用一般过去时。 3.popular——^will.这是一个时态问题。时间状语by the year 2050 是一个非常重要的信息，它表示将来的某一个时间点，这时主句应该用“将来完成体”will have done. 4.who—that/which.关系分句的先行词是population，尽管population的意思是“人口”，但是它的概念并不是somebody，而是something，所以关系代词应该用that或者which. 5.away—from.shield something from something 的意思是“遮挡……使得不受……的侵害”。 6.dead—deadly.deadly 表“致命的”。 7.each—every.表示频率“每……中有……”，这里应该用every，而不能用each，例如： once every week，不能说 once each week. 8.^diagnosed—were.diagnose（诊断）是一个及物动词，可以说be diagnose with/as…例如： The child has been diagnosed as having flu. 9.produce—reproduce.produce 的意思是“生产，制造”，reproduce的意思是“生殖，繁殖”。 10.ways—way.find one's way into something 意思是“（设法）走进，进入”。在这个表达中，way只以单数形式出现。这样的词组还有：push one's way into, work one's way into, elbow one's way into等。 专业八级改错练习－44 Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1__ influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2__ a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3__ in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4__ because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5__ completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6__ makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7__ is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8__ necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9__ of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10__ that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer. 【答案】 1.economical－economic.economical的意思是“节约的，经济的，省钱的”，而此处应选择economic表示“经济的，有关经济的”。 2.writers－writer.this or that后面应接单数名词，因为从意思上来看应是二选一的，所以是单数。 3.reinforce－reinforcing.“an effect can become a cause”和“reinforce the original cause”两个分句并不是并列的关系，应该说是主句和从句的关系，应该将reinforce变为-ing形式，这也与后面的“producing the same effect”保持形式上的一致。 4.take^－to.take to 表示“养成习惯，沉湎于”。 5.most－more.all the more 表示“更加”，如：The living room is decorated in pale colors which make it all he more airy. 6.sloven－slovenliness.sloven作名词表示“懒散的人，散漫的人”，这里显然语义不对，所以应改为slovenliness表示“懒散，邋遢”。 7.irreversible－reversible.reversible（可逆的），irreversible（不可逆的）如上文所述，语言和思维的关系是相互影响的；由于我们思想的愚蠢，我们的语言变得丑陋，不准确；同时我们的语言的不精确也使我们的思维变得更加愚蠢。所以这个过程是能倒退的。 8.^think－to.动词原形本身无法作主语，必须将它变成-ing形式或不定式，由于这里有将要发生的含义，所以选用不定式 to think. 9.concerning－concern.concern本身既可以做动词也可以作名次。 10.present－presently.presently表示“不久，一会儿”。present在这里讲不通。 专业八级改错练习－43 Changes in climate that had already taken place are manifested __1__ from the decrease in extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice, perma- __2__ frost thawing, coastal erosion, changes in ice sheets and ice shelves, altered distribution and abundance of species. __3__ Nowadays snows melt earlier in the springtime. Lakes, rivers and bogs freeze much more later in the autumn. Reindeer herding __4__ becomes more difficult so the ice is weak and may give way. __5__ Nowadays winters are much colder than they used to be. __6__ Occasionally during winter time it rains. We never expected this;we could not be ready for this. It is very strange. The cycle of the yearly calendar has been disturbed greatly. Warming over northern land areas has been very greater than elsewhere in the world. The __7__ changes are due to human modification of the concentration of greenhouse gases during the 20th century, leading quite directly to the projections the Artic will warm by several times as much during the __8__ 21st century as it did during the 20th century. The amplified warming in Arctic, in turn, directly contributes to overall global warming, as __9__ well as cause changes that create impacts over the rest of the globe. __10__ 【答案】 1.had－have.这里没有语境表明这个动作或者状态发生在过去某个时间点以前，所以用过去完成体不合适。 2.from－in.manifest something in something 意思是“在……方面表现出来”。例如：His frustration manifested itself in his silence and inactiveness. 3.^altered－and.这里要看出并列的几个名次词组是 extend and thickness…、permafrost thawing、coastal erosion、changes in ice sheets and ice shelves、altered distribution and abundance of species，三个斜体的and并不是连接这几个并列项的，所以必须在最后一项altered distribution and abundance of species前加上并列连词and. 4.more－/.later本身已经是比较级，不用再加more. 5.so－as/since.这里要理清主从句的因果关系，从上下文看，应该说“冰层变薄”是因，“放牧驯鹿变得困难”是果，所以应该把so 改成as或since. 6.colder－warmer.文章谈的是气候变暖问题。“冬季变冷”显然是与整个文章的逻辑不符。 7.very－/.very不修饰形容词或者副词的比较级。（觉得这里把very 改为much 也没问题） 8.projections^－that.projections后面的从句是同位语从句，同位语从句的引导词that不可以省略。 9.^Arctic－the.“北极”Arctic前要加定冠词。 10.cause－causing.as well as相当于介词，其后不直接跟动词，应该是名次或动词-ing分词。 专业八级改错练习－42 Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1__ of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2__ seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3__ enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions－such as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4__ North American bison—have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day – a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5__ that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries __6__ lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest __7__ and grasslands disappear. In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8__ remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9__ reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10__ for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands. 【答案】 1.saber-tooth—saber-toothed.如果是“形容词+名词”作前置修饰语，那么名词要加-ed. 2.^case—the.in case of 和 in the case of 的意思是不同的，前者的意思是“万一”，后者的意思是“在……的情况中” 3.alters—altered.这里谈的是恐龙灭绝的时期，所以时间是过去。 4.whales—whale.定冠词＋可数名词的复数 是特指，所以the blue whales是特指，但是上下文并没有提及特定的蓝鲸，所以从整个句子的意思来看，这里是指物种，是类指，所以应该用“定冠词＋可数名词单数”形式。 5.much—many.insects and animals 是可数名词，所以应该说as many as 6.For—— As/Since.尽管for作为连词可以引导原因状语分句，但是它一般不放在句首。 7.raining—rain.rain forest,指热带雨林 8.the去掉。East Africa是专有名词。 9.living—alive.remain是系动词，后面的形容词是主语补足语，living不能作主语补足语。 10.clearing—cleared.这里需要用被动语态。 专业八级改错练习－41 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1__ to kins （亲戚） and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2__ for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3__ However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4__ But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5__ It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban __6__ people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do big __7__ city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Or are residents of large communities __8__ any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation __9__ than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust for strangers. __10__ 【答案】 1.loosed改为loosened.尽管loose也可作及物动词，但它的含义是“松开，解开，发射，释放”等具象的含义，在这里语义不符，而loosen则往往与tie、control、discipline、restriction这样的词连用表示抽象含义。 2.kins改为kin.kin是集体名词，用单数表达复数概念，相当于relatives，另外，kin作主语的话，谓语动词也应用复数形式。（记得上次的machinery么，也是这个改法） 3.去掉for.在substitute A for B 的用法中，for引导的是被代替项而不是代替项。 4.（than you）^ do.两个比较分句如果谓语部分相同则可以省略后一个分句的谓语，或者用do来代替。 5.去掉a 6.relationship改为relationships.Relationship既可以作可数名词又可以作不可数名词。由于前面有 the number of 这样分词修饰，这里relationship应该当作可数名词。 7.do改为are.两个比较分句的谓语动词应该同是be involved，如果将后一个比较分句里的动词部分省略，保留下来的也应该是be动词，而不是do. 8.or改为nor.前句话是否定结尾的，本句也应是否定的含义。 9.likely改为likelier.由于有than出现，这里是一个比较句。 10.for 改为of.distrust 后往往跟of，不跟for，如：a distrust of the media. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.这话初看有点别扭。follow有这么个意思，必然是…的后果，必然有…后果，所以这里大概意思是：不认识什么邻居并不意味着你也不认识其他人。例如：He is good，it does not follow that he is wise. 专业八级改错练习－40 There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1__ creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2__ whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3__ can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4__ the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5__ No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6__ the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7__ means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8__ of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9__ which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10__ 【答案】 1.numbers改为quantities.animal oil 是不可数名词，不能用number of 来修饰。可以修饰不可数名词的限定词有：a bit of，a large amount of，a great deal of，a lot of，plenty of，a large quantity of. 2.cover改为covering.cover和covering虽然都是名词，意思却不一样。前者是“封面，盖子”，后者是“遮盖物，覆盖物”，可以说蓝鲸的脂肪是它防寒的遮盖物，而不能说是“盖子”。 3.board前面加on.board可以作为名词和介词on连用表示“在（船，飞机，车）上”，如：on board the ship 就是“在船上”。 4.and改成but.前后两个分句是转折的关系。 5.chemist改为chemists.文中要表达的是“在药店”，那么应该“介词＋名词属格”表示地点。所以应该是at any chemist's. 6.去掉not 7.one改为he/he or she.代词的先行此是politician和engineer，这是一类通性名词，既可以是男性也可以是女性，这类名词以单数形式表示类指时，通常用相应的阳性代词he，有时也用he or she. 8.machineries改为machinery/machines.machinery是不可数的集体名词，没有复数形式。 9.men改为man或者the（common men）的the去掉.the common man 是类指，既然有定冠词，那么应该用man的单数形式，或者保留复数men而去掉定冠词。 10.horse－drawing改为horse－drawn.“用马拉的车”，draw和carriage是被动关系。 专业八级改错练习－39 What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it's described like __1__ the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things are done around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. __2__ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality __3__ or character of a particular company or organization, and include __4__ such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wear to work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various __5__ employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, __6__ but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with the research before __7__ the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment- __8__ and to be happy, successful, and productive, you will want to be ina place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have __9__ voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth. __10__ 【答案】 1.like改为as.as 作为连词可以用在形容词前，和动词regard或describe搭配，表示“看作，描述成”。 2.what改为how.这里要表达的是“怎样想”，而不是“想什么”，联系前一句“how things are done around here”也可以帮助发现错误。 3.wide改为broad.wide和broad容易错用。表示宽度时既可用broad，wide，wide更常用，如：a wide river；a broad river.但是表示具体的物件时只用wide，如 a wide bed，一般不说 a broad bed. 表示生理，概念或范围时，要用broad，如：a broad smile、broad shoulders、a broad meaning. 4.include 改为includes.include 的主语是主句主语 corporate culture，所以应该是第三人称的单数形式。 5.去掉to.address解释为“对某人说话”时是及物动词，无需加介词。 6.after改为until.根据上下文的逻辑，文章是说，只有当求职者真正在公司工作了几个月后，才能了解它的文化。 7.去掉the.前文没有提及，这里research是类指，而非特指。 8.on改为in.这里的介词并不是和动词spend搭配，而是和名词词组work environment一起作状语。 9.去掉for.fit作为动词时，如果是及物动词，可以说fit something/somewhere.如果作为形容词，可以说 be fit for something，但是没有fit for 的用法。 10.voice前面a.have a voice in something 的意思是“有权利对某事发表看法”。这个词组中的不定冠词不能省略。 专业八级改错练习－38 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handling, it may become a driving force. When __1__ the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any other competitor, given its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its __2__ scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies that the war had destroyed. __3__ It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans found __4__ themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competition. Some __5__ huge American industries, such as consumer electronic, had shrunk __6__ or vanished in the face of foreign competition. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market and America's machine-tool industry was on the rope. For a while it looked as __7__ though the making of semiconductors, which America had sat at the __8__ heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped talking prosperity for grant. They began to believe that their way of doing __9__ business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980 brought one inquiry after __10__ another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about growing competition from overseas. 【答案】 1.handling改为handled.这里handle和主句的主语it是被动关系。 2.given改为giving.动词give的主语是前面整个分句“it had a market eight times larger than any competitor”，它和give的关系是主动的，所以用giving. 3.去掉that.whose在这里引导关系从句修饰the Europeans and Asians，因此这里不能再出现一个关系代词that了。 4.found前加上had.by引导的时间状语出现在一个句子里，它的主句动词往往是完成体。 5.competition改为competitiveness.fading在这里表示“日益丧失的”，后面的名词短语应该表示“ 工业竞争力”，而competition表示“竞争”，并不表示“竞争能力”。 6.electronic改为electronics.electronic是形容词表示“电子的”，这里应该用electronics，表示“ 电子装置和组件”、 7.rope改为ropes.on the ropes 表示“濒于失败或崩溃”，其中rope是以复数形式出现的，所以应该为ropes.在另一个短语 the end of one's rope，rope则是单数，表示“某人耐心，耐力的限度”。 8.had后面加上which/that.这句话里面有两个关系从句，而且一个之中套另一个：which America had 是第一层关系从句，which sat at the heart of the new computer age 是第二层，它们所修饰的都是semiconductors，所以如果看不出两层关系从句就很难找出错误来。 9.grant改为granted.take for granted 是一个短语表示“ 想当然”。 10.mid-1980 改为 mid-1980s 专业八级改错练习－37 The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities for which they provide information. It must __1__ reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial minorities, the __2__ paper has put into place polices and procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The underlying reason for __3__ the change is that for information to be fair, appropriate, and ubjective, it should be reported by the same kind of population __4__ that reads it. A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to evaluate The Seattle Times' __5__ content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content __6__ audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs. Early audits __7__ showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative articles. The audit results from improvement in the frequency of __8__ majority, representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive __9__ situations. And, with a result, The Seattle Times has improved __10__ as a newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped The Seattle Times Company to win the Personal Journal Optima's Award for excellence in managing change. 【答案】 1 将it改为they.这里先行词为复数名词papers,故应用复数代词they/ 2 percents改为percent.在表示分数时,percent总是用单数. 3 将maintain改为maintaining.这里maintaining和hiring并列,并共同作介词for的宾语. 4 将subjective改为objective.根据上下文,此处应该表示 “客观的”之意. 5 将meets改为meet.committee为集合名词,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词要用复数. 6 删除an.固定短语 in addition 作 “另外”解. 7 将woman改为women 8 将from改为in.result in 作 “导致引起”讲. 9 将majority改为minority 10 with改为as.固定搭配 as a result 作“因此,结果”讲. 专业八级改错练习－36 The violence within a society is controlled through institutionsof law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1__ societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2__ of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3__ an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4__ upon the person who did the offense. __5__ But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for __6__ protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7__ protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8__ In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9__ from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10__ state assumes responsibility for their protection. 【答案】 1.most改为more.这句话实际上使用了the more…the more…结果，表示"一个法律 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 越完善，社会在其中所负的责任越大". 2.societies改为society.society 这里应选择单数因为原句的意思是"一个国家的法律制度越完善，社会在发现，控制，和惩治暴力行为中所承担的责任就越大"，含义是单数的，所以应该使用单数形式。 3.dealing改为deal.the means to 词组里的to是不定式的to，因此后面应接动词原型。 4.personal改为personally.这里personally修饰carrying out judgment…，因此是使用副词。 5.did改为committed.offense经常与commit，cause，take，give搭配，这里用commit the offense 表示"犯罪". 6.personalized改为depersonalized.前面一句话指明在部族社会"惩恶扬善"是家族或个人的事，而在法制社会里，"复仇"这一任务不再由个人担当，而是交给社会，因此这里不应使用personalized，而应使用depersonalized，表示"非个人化". 7.he改为they.这里代词he与前面它所指代的名词individuals不一致，应为they. 8.committing改为imposing.commit的意思是"犯（错误），干（坏事），把…交拖给，答应负责"，在这里不适合，应改为impose. 9.controlling改为controlled.中心词legal system和control的关系是被动的，法律制度是被国家控制的。 10.circle改为cycle.circle和cycle的区别在于circle表示"圈子"，如：a circle of friends，而cycle表示"循环，周期"，如： the cycle of birth 专业八级改错练习－35 In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing since __1__ they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. And they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the __2__ fashionable industry today. What are they? They are high heels __3__ ——woman's worst enemy （ whether she knows it or not）. High heel __4__ shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticating __5__ for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed on posing short as __6__ as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high hell industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world of unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. __7__ For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass know what I am talking __8__ about. A simple trip around the yard on a pair of those babies __9__ eliminates all needs to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides __10__ the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. 【答案】 1.since改为because或者for.当since表示原因时，它往往出现在句子的开头而非中间。 2.And改为But.从与上一段的关系看来，这里是转折而不是承接。 3.fashionable改为fashion.fashionable是形容词表示“时尚的，时髦的”，而这里所指的是“时尚产业”，所以应该用它的名词形式。 4.woman前加上a或者woman改为women.可数名词单数形式前面必须加冠词，因此这里须加上a，或者将woman变成服侍形式表类指。 5.sophisticating改为sophisticated 6.on改为in.succeed 与介词in连用，后面加动词ing形式。如：We have already succeeded in working out ground rules with the Department of Defense. 7.of 改为from,save sb from doing sth 表示“避免某人做某事”。 8.know改为knows.主语和谓语在形式上须一致，anyone在语义上表达的是单数含义。 9.on改为in.英语表示穿戴往往用介词in. 10.needs改为need.尽管need前用了all来限定，但need所指的是“叫来草坪护理专家”这单一的含义，因此应该用单数，all在这里只是起到强调的作用。 专业八级改错练习－34 Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweighted people __1__ than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over weight correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. __2__ These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3__ way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4__ the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more __5__ about a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6__ weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7__ for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases.We should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. __8__ Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9__ get（or already are） thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be purely vainglory. __10__ 【答案】 1.overweighted改为overweight overweight本身就可以做形容词修饰people，不需要加ed. 2.correlates后加with.Correlate应与with连用，表示“A与B有关联”。 3.therefore改为however.从上下文来看，这里是转折而不是因果。 4.excessive改为excess.excess往往指数量上超过所需，多余。excessive 往往有不赞同，否定的含义在里面，另外，excessive除了可以表示数量以外还可以表示程度，表达抽象概念。比如After cooking fish, pour off the excess fat.The government says that local authority spending is excessive. 5.associate 改为associated.associated 表示“关联的，相关的”。 6.about改为of.这里的意思是“与之相关的消化系统患癌症的危险实际上是饮食问题引起的，而非体重问题” ，about意思为“相关的”，这里应该为of，表性质。 7.or改为nor.neither应和nor连用表示两者皆否定，而not才和or连用。 8.on改为to 9.hazardy改为hazardous.hazard的形容词是hazardous而不是hazardy. 10.purely改为pure 专业八级改错练习－33 In the United States there are, strict speaking, no national __1__ holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment or __2__ executive proclamation, appoint the day which each holiday is __3__ celebrated. Congress and the president may establish legal holidays for the District of Columbia and for federal employees throughout the states and territories; and by long custom, days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, Labor __4__ Day, Independent Day, and New Year's Day, are uniformly set __5__ apart by all states as legal, or public holidays. In 1968, federal __6__ legislation established Columbia Day as a legal holiday for the district of Columbia and for the federal government beginning at __7__ 1971. The law also provided begun in 1971 federal employees __8__ would be granted three-days weekends by observing Washington's __9__ Birthday on the third Monday in February, Memorial Day on the last Monday in May, Columbus Day on the second Monday in October, and Veteran Day on the forth Monday on October. By 1971, most of the states also adopted the new dates. __10__ 【答案】 1.strict改为strictly 2.holiday改为holidays.因为原句的谓语动词为复数are，所以holiday必须使用复数。另外no后面可以用复数也可以用单数。 3.which前面加上on.因为先行词the day在关系从句钟做状语，还原回去应为：each holiday is celebrated on the day，所以必须加on. 4.obsevation改为observance.observation意思为“观察，观测”，observance则表示“遵守，庆祝”。 5.Independent改为Independence.独立日的说法是“Independence Day”。 6.apart改为aside.set apart 指“使分离，使分开”，语义不同，set aside表示“留出，保留”的意思。 7.at改为in 8.begun改为beginning.动词begin和分句的主语federal employees的关系是主动的，应此要用beginning. 9.three-days 改为three-day.用连字符连接起来的表示数量的名词的前置修饰语的复数概念仍然是单数，如：a million-pound banknote. 10.also前面加had.如果一个句子里面有by引导的时间状语从句则动词一般用完成体。 专业八级改错练习－32 control the talking pace and time 应该和to indicate a change of topic并列，作为conversational traffic signal 的定语，也要用动词不定式。To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women's character and concerns. （In contrast by men whose __1__ essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.） It does not need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that __2__ the way women are taught to be involved in beauty encourages __3__ narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity. Everybody knows __4__ that. For it is “everybody”, a whole society, which has identified __5__ being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these __6__ stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation. It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the __7__ obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, __8__ eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so on – each by turn is submitted __9__ to an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. __10__ 【答案】 1.by改为 to/with.词组 in contrast to/ with 表示“与……相比”，不能用其他介词。 2. need改为take.虽然need的汉语意思是“需要”，但英语中It takes 往往作为一个固定搭配，表示“做某事需要某物或者某种品质”。 3.in改为with.be involved in 表示“介入，参与”，后面一般跟事。而 be involved with 则表示“和……有关系，有关联”，后面一般跟人。 如：He was involved in a car accident. I never wanted to get emotionally involved with him. 4.independence改为dependence. 5.which改为that.句子的主干是 it is…that…表示强调。 6.giving改为given.given 一词后面接名词词组可表示“考虑到，鉴于…”。 7.beautiful 后面加that.此句同样也是一个强调句型，后面须跟that引导的从句。 8.assess改为evaluate.assess往往指对某物在金钱上的价值进行权威的评估。 如：We should assess an apartment on the amount for which it is likely to be rented. 本句话指每一个平常的女性对自己身体的每一部分进行评判，评价，应该用evaluate，因为该词表示对事物的本质或价值进行判断，如：Teachers evaluate a student's thesis for content and organization. 9.by改为in.by turns 表示“交替地，轮番地 ”。 in turn 表示一系列动作按照一定顺序发生，或者某人先后做某事。根据题意，这里要用in turn. 10. wanted改为wanting.to find something or somebody wanting 表示“（某物或某人）缺乏应有的素质，不够格”。wanted往往指“被通缉”或者“被爱，被照顾的”。 专业八级改错练习－31 Eye behavior can give subtle messages which people pick up in their daily life. It tells more than words can. Meeting or failing to meet another person's eyes produce a particular effect.When two Americans __1__ look searchingly at each other's eye, emotions are __2__ heightened and the relationship becomes closer. However, Americans are careful about where and when to __3__ meet other's eye. In our normal conversation, each eye-contract lasts only a few seconds before one or both individuals look away, because the longer meeting of the eyes is rare, and, after it happens, can generate __4__ a special kind of human-to-human awareness. For instance,by simple using his eyes, a man can make a woman aware of him comfortably or uncomfortably; a long and steady gaze from a policeman or judge intimidates accused. __5__ In the U.S., proper street behavior requires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to show that you are being aware of his presence. If you look too little, __6__ you appear haughty; too much, inquisitive. Much eye behavior is such subtle that our reaction to it is __7__ largely instinctive. Besides, the codes of eye behavior vary dramatically from one culture to other. In the __8__ Middle East, it is impolite to look at the other person all the time during a conversation; in England, the polite listener fixes the speaker with an inattentive __9__ stare and blinks eye occasionally as a sign of interest and attention. In America, eye behavior functions as a kind of conversational traffic signal control the __10__ talking pace and time, and to indicate a change of topic. 【答案】 1.把produce改为produces 本句中两个主语meeting和failing to meet another person's eye 用or连接，这时谓语动词应该采取就近原则，与最相邻的主语一致。 2.把at改为into 此处的动作应该是look into（注视），而不是一般的“看”（look at）。 3.把where改为how 上下文介绍的是目光交流的方式方法。 4.把after改为when/if 5.在accused前面加上the intimidate（胁迫）是一个及物动词，后面不能只接形容词，此处应该加上定冠词，与accused构成名词短语，表示一类人，即“被告”。本句的意思是：例如，只要运用目光，男人就可以让女人很自在或者不舒服地感觉到他的存在；而警察或法官的长时间的注视可以威吓被告。 6.删除being 7.把such改为so 8.把other改为another 表示不定指代的“一个或者另一个”应该用one and/or another. 9.把inattentive改为attentive 10.在control前面加上to 专业八级改错练习－30 Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for __1__ death, for example, may sometimes oppress you. even when this is successfully overcome, there is still something for you to deal with-loneliness. Loneliness can speed your demise no matter conscientiously __2__ you care for your body. “We go through life surrounded by protective convoys of others,” says Robert Kahn, a psychologist of the University of Michigan who studied the health effects of companionship. “People __3__ who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.” One study of elderly heart-attack patients found that those with two or more close associations __4__ enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those who were completely alone.Companionship aside, healthy oldsters seem to share a knack for managing stress, poison that contributes __5__ measurably to heart disease, cancer and accidents. Researchers have also been kinked successful aging __6__ to mental stimulation. An idle brain will deteriorate just as sure as an unused leg, notes Dr. Gene Cohen, __7__ Head of the gerontology center at George ashington University. But just as exercise can prevent muscle __8__ atrophy, mental challenges seem to preserve both the mind and the immune system. But what most impresses researchers who study the oldest old is his simple drive and resilience. “People who reach 100 __9__ are not quitters,” says Adler of the National Centenarian Awareness Project. “They share a remarkable ability to renegotiate life in every turn, to accept the inevitable losses __10__ And move on.” 【答案】 1.把for改为of.与fear搭配的介词通常是of，表示对…的恐惧。 2.在no matter后面加上how 3.在studied前面加上has.本文的基调是一般现在时，此句的主语也是现在时，定语从句介绍Roberts做过的研究项目，所以用现在完成时比较合适。 4.把associations改为associates.本句的意思是：一项对高龄心脏病人的研究发现，有两个或者两个以上亲密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危险期的幸存几率是完全无人陪伴的病人的两倍。 5.在poison前面加上a.不定冠词修饰不可数名词，该名词后面再加上定语成分对该词进一步说明。 6.删除been 7.把sure改为surely 8.把but改为and.本句与上一段最后一句在结构（just as）上相似，在意义上是递进关系，不应该用转折连词衔接，用and合适。 9.把his改为their.此处的代词应该代替the oldest old， the oldest old 表示一类人可以用单数也可以用复数，但是下文提到这些年事极高的老人都用了复数，所以此处也要改为复数，使上下文一致。 10.把in改为at.词组at every turn意思为“ 时时，经常”。 专业八级改错练习－29 One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congress is the power to investigate. The power is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees __1__ consisted of members of both houses. Investigations __2__ are held to gather information on the need for future legislation,to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, __3__ to lay the groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently,committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting __4__ investigative hearings and to make out detailed studies of issues. __5__ There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most __6__ committee hearings are open to public and are reported widely __7__ in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless __8__ represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues, __9__ Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury these who give false testimony. __10__ 【答案】 1 在set和for中间加上up.短语set up表示“设立”，这里用作过去分词，修饰前面的committees. 2 consisted改为 consisting.joint committee 是consist of 的逻辑主语，所以要用现在分词。 3 in改为on .与occasion搭配的介词应该为on. 4 rely和outside中间加上on.rely 后面要用介词on. 5 out去掉。make studies 表示“进行研究”，这里没有必要用out. 6 its 改为 their.这里代词指代的是复数名词investigations，所以也要用复数形式。 7 to 和public中间加上the.表示“大众，公众”时，前面要加定冠词。 8 nevertheless 改为thus ,therefore.作者前面说国会有向社会公开调查信息的权利，本句说调查是立法者向公众传达消息的工具，这两句话之间应该是因果关系，而不是转折关系。 9 interests改为interest .作者此处要表达的是“激起公众的兴趣：，应该用”interest.interests一般表示“利益”。 10 these改为those.用代词指代一群人，后面在加定语从句修饰时，代词一般要用those. 专业八级改错练习－28 One of our main arguments is that we in Western countries actually have part to play in causing the __1__ problems of the Third World. Many Third World countries are saddle with immense debt burdens, for __2__ example. They were lent money with low interest rates __3__ in the 1970s, when money flooded into Western banks from the oil-producing countries and was lent out to the Third World. The interest rates have then been risen __4__ dramatically. So you have a situation where a country in many cases can't even repay the interest, letting alone __5__ the capital, on the debt. And I suppose the best example from what I have come across is a country in West Africa where the consumption, the local consumption of peanuts was banned, because peanuts, if they are imported can bring in a great deal of foreign income. __6__ The peanut is a major source of protein in this country.So you have people go hungry as a result of that. __7__ The peanuts were exported to Great Britain and the United States to feed our cattle. Those cattle then produced a surplus of milk which we do not know what to do with.We have enough milk, more milk than we can cope with in the Western World. And also that milk __8__ was transformed into dried milk powder and then taken back to this country to help feed children who were suffering from malnutrition. So that's the kind of insanely __9__ economic relationship that we have got ourselves in __10__ the Third World. 【答案】 1.在part前加上a.词组have a part to play in…的意思是“有份儿” 2.saddle改为saddled.此处为被动语态，应该把动词变为过去分词形式。 3.把with改为at.此处介词与interest rates搭配。 4.删除been（这里应该是把risen改为rising，答案应该错了）。rise是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。 5.把letting改为let.let alone 意思为“更不用提”。 6.把imported改为exported.下文说花生可以带来外汇收益，出口才会带来外汇，所以此处应用exported. 7.把have改为had.上文提到该国禁止本国消费花生这件事用的是过去时。 8.把also改为so.必须把与此相关的几个句子联系在一起理解，上文说：花生出口到英国和美国去喂了牛，而牛又产出了过剩的牛奶，我们不知道怎么处理这些牛奶。在西方世界，我们的牛奶够多了，多得无法处理。本句说：这些牛奶就被制成奶粉拿到该国去喂养那些营养不良的儿童。由此可见本句与上文是因果关系，不能用also来连接。 9.insanely改为insane.此处表达“荒唐的经济关系”insane修饰的是relationship，而非economic，因此要用形容词代替。 10.把in改为into.词组get in 虽然也可以表达“ 进入，陷入”，但是in为副词，后面不能跟地点，所以应该改为into 专业八级改错练习－27 You will think about what kind of saving instru- __1__ ment to use or what kind of investment to make. By putting your money in some kind of savings strument or investment, you can set aside small amount of mon- __2__ ey regularly and the money will earn interest or divi-dends. Interest refers to the amount what your money __3__ earns when it is kept in a savings instrument. Divi-dends are payments of part of a company's earnings to people hold stock in the company. A savings instru- __4__ ment has an “interest rate ” associated with it; this refers to the rate which the money in the instrument in- __5__ creases during a certain period of time. Principal refers to the facial value or the amount of money you __6__ place in the savings instrument on which the interest is earned. Every type of savings or investment has some risk that the return will be less than needed or expected.Federally insured savings accounts are safe and guar-anteed up to $100,000 by the U.S. Government. Therefore, they may have lower interest rates, making __7__ it hard to save large amounts of money for college. __8__ Bonds and stocks often have higher returns than savings accounts or EE saving bonds but are more riskier. __9__ You can reduce the risks of these kinds of investments by starting to save early. The earlier we begin the less __10__ money you will have to put aside each month and the more total savings you will accumulate. 【答案】 1.把saving改为savings.saving表示“节约的”，和其复数形式savings意义不同。savings的意思是“存款，储蓄”。 2.在small前面加上a.a small amount of 表示“少量的”，冠词不可缺。 3.把what改为which或者that.amount在此是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，这个从句显然应该由关系代词that或者which引导。 4.在hold前面加who.先行词people后面是一个定语从句，因此需要有引导词。 5.在which前面加上at.关系代词which在此引导的同样是一个定语从句，并且在此应该用“介词＋关系代词”这个形式，因为前面的rate往往用于短语at a rate，此处的介词可以提前。 6.把facial改为face.票面价值应是：face value. 7.把Therefore改为However.此处根据上下文来看，表达的是转折的含义，而不是因果关系。 8.把hard改为harder.这里存在一个隐含的比较，所以应该用hard的比较级形式。 9.删除more，或者把more改为much.riskier本身已经是比较形式了，再加上more是多余的。把more改为much，表示一种程度也可以。 10.把we改为you . 补充： 第二题将amount改为amounts也是正确的 第四题把hold改为holding也是正确的 a small amount of 和small amounts of 用法的区别 a large（great，good）amount of ＋不可数名词，谓语动词一般用单数；但（large，great，good）amounts of ＋ 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 A large amount of damage ＜has been＞done by the earth quake． Large amounts of money ＜were＞spent on the bridge． 这就是为什么第二题也可以把amount改为amounts而第八题不用改amount的原因 专业八级改错练习－26 Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of particu-lar kind is actually taking place around us and is more and more manifesting. Although mankind has underg- __1__ one no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumu-lation of knowledge. Knowledge begins to increase as __2__ soon as the thoughts of one individual could be com-municated to another by mean of speech. With the in- __3__ vention of writing, knowledge could be communicated and stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in turn added libraries: the growth of knowl- __4__ edge followed a kind of compound-interest law,which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly risen. __5__ then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. However, as soon as new knowl- __6__ edge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called “modern civilization” is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature,but not of accumulated knowledge applied to practical __7__ life. The problem now facing humanity is: what is going to be done with all this knowledge? Like is often __8__ pointed out, knowledge is a two edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil. It is now being __9__ used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that gunners __10__ using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them. 【答案】 1.把manifesting改为manifest.manifesting不能做形容词,而如果把它理解成现在进行词,后面又缺乏宾语,所以应该改为形容词manifest,表示 “显然的,明显的”. 2.把begins改为began.根据下一行出现的could可以判断本句是过去时. 3.把mean改为means. by means of 是固定用法. 4.在added后面加上to.如果add后面不加to,此句就表示 “把图书馆加到某个事物上去”,加上to,表示给图书馆增加了内容,符合句义. 5.把risen改为raised.rise是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态. 6.把However改为Moreover.此句的意思是:新知识一经获得,马上就得到实际应用.这是对上文的追加,不存在转折关系,因此应该用moreover. 7.删除but后面的not 8.把Like改为As 9.把could改为can.主句为现在时,而从句也不表示虚拟,所以应该用现在时. 10.在that后面加上of.为了避免重复,这里用that指代spectacle,后面的gunner using是that 的内容.因此应该用介词of引出. 专业八级改错练习－25 Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a special kind of “private eye” can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples by studying the clues buried by words. __1__ These philologists, such as the language detectives are called, have traced __2__ the word trail back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas,and the Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central __3__ Eurasia 5000 to 6000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. __4__ Since a long time scholars have been puzzled over the striking __5__ difference of words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater;in __6__ old Irish, athir; in Persian, pidar;in the Sanskrit of distant India, pitr. These words all sounded likely and meant the same thing—“father” __7__ Where did it happen that widely separated peoples used such __8 close related sound symbols? The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so __9__ because “father” was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end of the 18 century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these words stemmed __10__ from some common language. 【答案】 1 将by改为in.（be） buried in 意思为 “被…所掩盖,掩蔽于…” 2 将such去掉。在这里as是连词,引导状语从句. 3 将第一个and改为to （这个句子长,小心上当呀）。以便和前文的from构成搭配 “from…to…”,表示 “从……到……”. 4 将writing改为written`.“有文字记载的历史”英语为 “written history”. 5 将Since改为 For.因为since做介词, 表示 “自从……起” 之意时,后面一般不跟表示一段时间的名词. 6 将difference改为similarity.从后面的例子我们可以看出,作者在这里讲述的是文字的惊人的相同之处,而不是不同之处. 7 将likely改为alike.likely 意思为 “很可能的”,不做 “相同的,相似的”解. 8 将where改为why.这里不是问地点而是问原因,从后面的because也可以看出. 9 将close改为副词closely.因为形容词close不能修饰过去分词related. 10 将18改为 18th..The more so because “father” was but one of a host of such coincidences. 这句话的the more so because是什么意思呢, 以为人家出版社错了,不过看两本资料都这么写. 有谁看得懂么?还是说真的是出错了.原来the more so because意思为: 更何况。 专业八级改错练习－24 Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1__ The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning __2__ required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few __3__ or no planning, it is almost routine. A month's touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4__ and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make __5__ sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6__ to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7__ of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8__ and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9__ household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10__ and over-expenditure. 【答案】 1 将and 改为 or.or表示“或者”，因为前后是两种截然不同的可能性，所以应该用or. 2 将most改为 more 3 将few改为little 4 将involve 改为 involves.因为主语 the matter 为单数，例如：Although planning involves material investment, even more important is the investment in man.虽然作机会应该包括物资投资，但最重要的是对人的投资。 5 在returning后加介词to 6 将suffer改为afford 7 去掉be.vary是动词，可与助动词或者情态动词构成谓语，也可以独立构成谓语，例如：The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain districts. 8 去掉the.in essence 是固定习语，意为“本质上，实质的” 9 将do改为 does.主语是动名词复合结构 a nation planning its resources and needs, 应视为单数，例如：Looking after children requires patience. 10 将improperly改为 properly 专业八级改错练习－23 Cities can be frightened places. The majority of __1__ the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear __2__ when you live thirty floors up in a skyscraper. Strange __3__ enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks even say hello to each __4__ other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally keep the inhabitants of a small village togeth- __5__ er. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. So __6__ country life has disadvantages too. For example, shopping becomes a major problem and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go for an expe- __7__ dition to the nearest large town. The country has the advantage of peaceful and quiet, but suffers from the __8__ isadvantages of being cut off. The city has noise and population which do harm to human health. But one of their main advantages is that you are at the centre of __9__ things and that life doesn't come to an end even at ten at night. Some people have found a compromise be-tween the two: they expressed their preference for the quiet life by leaving for the city and moving to the __10__ country within commuting distance of the large city. 【答案】 1.把frightened改为frightening.frightened是“受到惊吓的”，表明心理状态，而frightening表示“令人害怕的”，表示事物性质。 2.把appear改为disappear.“当你住在摩天大厦的三十层里”，可以推测这里要表达的是归属感的消失，而不是产生归属感。 3.把Strange改为Strangely.Strangely enough，是固定短语，经常用作插入语，意思是“说也奇怪，最奇怪的是”。 4.在say前面加上don't.此处说的是，现在住在同一层楼的人甚至见面都不打招呼。 5.把keep改为keeps.in that 引导的句子主语应该是 a sense，故谓语应为单数。本句的意思是，农村生活与这种隔绝孤立的生活不同，因为一种归属感把小村里的居民联系在一起。 6.把so 改为but/yet.上文提到了乡村生活的好处，下文是转折，要用but或者yet. 7.把for改为on.“去远征”应该用go on a expedition，而go for 的意思是“去找，努力获取，拥护”。 8.把peaceful改为peace.of 后面不应该用形容词，所以应该改为peace.这里需要注意的是quiet既是名词又是形容词，不要被迷惑。 9.把their改为its.此处的代词应该指代上文的 the city. 10.删除leaving后面的for，或者把for改为from.leave表示“离开某地”，而leave for表示“离开某地去另外一个地方”，for后面接的是目的地。本句说的是离开城市，搬到乡村，所以for是多余的。 专业八级改错练习－22 One of America's most important export is her modern music. __1__ American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__ by people of all ages in all countries. Because the lyrics are English, __3__ nevertheless people not speaking English enjoy it. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.The music has many origins in the United States. Country music,coming from the suburban areas in the southern United States, is one __4__ source. Country music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because the emotions expressed by country __5__ music songs. A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicted __6__ mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is not popular with __7__ all Americans. Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It is first known as rock-and- roll in the 1950's. Since then there __8__ have been many forms of rock music, hard rock, soft rock, punk rock,disco music and others. Many performers of popular rock music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed to a demanding audience.Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sing __9__ in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may coincide but the enjoyment of the music is universal. __10__ 【答案】 1 改export为exports.export作可数名词时指出口商品,同时根据one of 结构也可以知道这里export要用复数结构. 2 改playing为played.动词play和句子主语American popular music是逻辑动宾关系,必须用被动语态. 3 改Because为Though或者Although.此句为让步状语从句. 4 改suburban为rural.这里属于词义用错,suburban为城市郊区,乡村音乐显然来自乡村地区. 5 改because为because of 6 改depicted为depicts.本句错在时态.句意为 “blues大多抒发哀伤情感,反映美国黑人的艰难生活.”为与全文主导时态一致,不能用过去时.此外,blues现在的风格依旧,故用现在时. 7 将not去掉. 8 改is为was.此句有过去时间状语 in the 1950's, 陈述过去的一个事实,故用一般过去时态. 9 改sing为sung.sung 引导过去分词短语作宾语补足语,表被动意思. 10 改coincide为differ（在may后加not也可以）。此句含有连词but,整个句意含有转折语气. 专业八级改错练习－21 More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the __1__ early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh __2__ deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the disease. From __3__ now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the trouble __4__ going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and __5__ 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics strengthened the trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to __6__ poor countries. Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew. They are wrong. In the mid1980s the frequency of infections and deaths __7__ started to pick up again around the world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came __8__ back; in many places where it had never been away, it grew better. The World __9__ Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people （a third of the earth's population）suffer from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 __10__ million a year. Around 3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries. 【答案】 tuberculosis n.肺结核 antibiotics n.抗生素, 抗生学 1 将in改为for.for quite a while 作 “相当长时间”讲. 2 将seventh改为seven 3 将were改为was.这个谓语动词的主语是单数短语 one in every seven deaths, 因此要使用单数. 4 将now 改为then 5 将Europe前的the 去掉 6 将imported改为exported.根据上下文,应该是向穷国出口抗生素,而不是从这些国家进口抗生素. 7 将are 改为were 8 在vanished 前加had.这里要表达的是 “结核病原来消失的地方,又爆发了结核病”,所以要使用过去完成时. 9 将better改为worse.在结合病没有消失的地方,这种病更加严重了,因此要用worse. 10 将constantly改为constant.在 “keep sb/ sth adj”结构中的形容词作补语. 专业八级改错练习－20 The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical __1__ words have “less meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them __2__ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. But this is a rather __3__ misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a word like the is not the name __4__ of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a __5__ sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. Moreover, grammatical words __6__ differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in __7__ the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “little words.” But size is by no mean a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words.“ __8__ of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. __9__ Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is __10__ illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines. 【答案】 1 删掉the 此处的most并不表示obvious的最高级，而是用作副词修饰obvious，表示程度很高，因此前面不能加the. 2 将but改为and 根据文章的意思，这里要用并列关系的and. 3 将in改为to. as apposed to 是固定搭配，意思是“与……相比”。 4 将misled改为misleading 5 删掉away. 此处考查固定用法。 far from being……意思为“远非”“远远不怎么样”，符合这里的意思。而far away from 表示离某处很远。 6 将single改为only或者sole.这里要表达“唯一的”。 7 在as后面加to或者将as 改为in.联系上下文，此处的意思是“grammatical words 本身在某某方面也有相当的差异，”as to 有“关于”或者“在某某方面的意思”；将as改为in，用differ from something in…也可表达这个意思。 8 将mean改为means 9 将as改为like，或者在as前面加such 10 将number改为deal或者amount.obscurity是不可数名词，不能用a number of 来修饰。 专业八级改错练习－18 For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the __1__words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and __2__knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a __3__popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it __4__flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the __5__confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass __6__media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear __7__and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this __8__ philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent __9__president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: “One man's mediocrity __10__is another man's good program”. 【答案】 1 将have改为has.该句的主语 the fashion是单数. 2 将like改为as.such as 是固定搭配. 3 将late改为later.later和上文first对应. 4 将by改为of或者from. relieve sb of/ from sth 是固定搭配, 意思为 “减轻某人（的负担等）” 5 将him改为them.因为其先行词为 the empty-minded,而 “the+adj/p.p” 表示一类人时,通常表示复数概念. 6 在same前加the.the same 表示 “唯一,独一无二”的概念,因此必须加定冠词. 7 将decide改为decides.该句的主语 the public 表示的是单数概念.,这一点从后面的代词it 可以看得出来. 8 将pure改为purely.在这里purely作状语,修饰谓语动词,因此应使用副词. 9 将most改为more.more than 搭配,引导出比较状语从句. 10 将from去掉。escape在作 “被某人情不自禁地说出来”讲时,是及物动词,而只在作 “逃跑”讲时,才时不及物动词. 专业八级改错练习－17 During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat __1__ became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. __2__ War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that __3__ they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, __4__ just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers __5__ groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become __6__ involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. __7__ Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed __8__ a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed __9__ the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. __10__ 【答案】 the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat 将in改为with became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. 将increasing改为incresingly War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that 将so改为but they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 删掉soon或者shortly just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers 将just改为only groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become 在asked 后面加上for involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. 将involving改为involved Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed 将life改为living a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 删掉with或将handle改为deal the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 将total改为full/complete/absolute/overall 专业八级改错练习－16 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised __1__hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, __2__enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. __3__To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million __4__year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success __5__in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their __6__bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group __7__attackers. Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative __8__period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, __9__controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer __10__essential for survival. 【答案】 1 将viewing改为viewed.非谓语动词view和句子的主语是逻辑动宾关系。 2 将inaccurate改为accurate.如果真的目标不准确，也就不可能进球了（he scores a goal）。 3 在enjoys前面加he.由于前面if his aim is accurate and he scores a goal 是条件状语从句，因此可见这里是主句，主句的主语he是不可以省略的。 4 将look up at的up省略 5 将year变为复数 6 将if去掉 7 将co-operate 改为co-operated 8 将when改为after 9 将were改为was.该谓语动词的主语是Their improved intelligence，是单数。 10 将farming改为hunting.纵观全文，在从事种植业后，“狩猎”而不是“农耕”的危险和不确定性对人们的生存已经不再那么重要了。 专业八级改错练习－15 There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronun-ciation comparable to that existing in spelling （orthography）. One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt 'naturally' and unconsciously, and orthography __1__is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds __2__like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we __3__firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, __4__whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We __5__begin the 'natural' learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and __6__practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every __7__day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling. This is 'natural', therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im- __8__mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates a means of holding a community and to give a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a __9__'stranger', someone who speaks with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. __10__ 【答案】 1将and改为whereas/but/yet 2 将with改为of.unconscious of 是固定搭配。 3 删掉out.speak out 意思为“大胆地说”，“大声地说”，与此处意思不符。 4 将firstly改为first 5 将which改为that或者将which删掉。限制性定语从句前面的先行词是something，因此要用that引导定语从句。也可以将which删掉，不用任何引导词。 6 将went改为go 7 删掉per或者every 8 将This改为It.It在此处做形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。 9 在community后面加together.此处的大意为“语音是把社区团结在一起的工具”。 10 将far改为away.“只有几英里远”应是 a few miles away. 专业八级改错练习－14 The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human __1__ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods __2__An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plants foods, one-third concentrate on fishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters,Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gatherer's calories come from _3__plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible __4__calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. __5__Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no __6__one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence __7__of medical care. They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their blood cholesterol levels are very low （about half of the average American adult）. __8__If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly __9__could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. __10__ 【答案】 1 将as 改为like.此处的意思是“像史前人类祖先那样生活”。 2 将supplementing改为supplemented.supplemented 修饰diet，可以看作which is supplemented with animal foods的简化形式。 3 将and 改为or. 4 将in改为on.on average 是固定用法。 5 将as 改为while或者whereas 6 删掉for，或者将provide改为account.此处provide 是及物动词，后面不用介词for 7 删掉第一个of.despite 做介词，后面直接接名词。 8 在half后加that.that 指代前面的blood cholesterol levels，不能省略，因为这里是将部落成员的胆固醇含量与美国人的胆固醇含量相比较。 9 将if改为whereas或者while.此处意思为“尽管没有人……，但是……”，是转折关系。 10 在for后面加不定冠词a. 专业八级改错练习－13 Classic Intention Movement In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “the chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an ppointment to keep and can get away. His urge __1__to go is held in cheek by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did __2__not care of his guest's feelings he would simply get up out of his chair __3__and to announce his departure. This is what his body wants to do, __4__therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him __5__raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention __6__Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. __7__This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not __8__hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second. He would lean, __9__push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his “readiness-to-rise” post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his __10__body had frozen at the get-ready moment. 【答案】 1 将can改为must.根据上下文的意思“主人有一个约会，必须离开”是客观要求，而不是“能不能”或者“可不可以”的问题。 2 not后面加to.desire 后应该加动词不定式to do something. 3 将of 改为about.care about意思为“对…在意，在乎”，而care of 意思为“转交”。（觉得还可以直接去掉 of，care 本身也有在乎的意思，可是答案不这么写，你怎么看嘞？） 4 删掉and或者to. 5 将therefore 改为 yet或but.这两部分之间应是转折的关系。 6 将raise改为rise.raise 是及物动词，后面必须加宾语，而且在此与文章意思不符。rise意为“起身”，“站起来”，符合文义。 7 在as 和 about之间加上if或者though.此处的意思是主人身子往前倾，双手抓着椅子，好像就要站起来一样。as if/ though to do something 意思为“仿佛要做什么事情”。 8 将make改为perform或do.此处考查搭配问题，动词make与前面的act不能搭配。 9 将the改为a. fraction of a second 意思为非常短暂的时间。 10 将post改为posture 专业八级改错练习－12 Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O. This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothing very permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid. Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water, can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them __9__into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn them into solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, which is another reason why its three states have given three different names. __10__ 【答案】 1 改like为as. describe sth as sth 是把……描述成……的意思。 2 改heating为heated.在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语是一致的时候，可以将从句的主语和be的变化形式省略。 3 改with为of. be composed of 意思为“包括，由……组成” 4 改is made up 为 are made up. which 指代上文中的 the gas， the liquid，and the solid，表示复数概念，所以要用are 5 将第一个will去掉,在时间条件状语从句和条件状语从句中要用现在时表示将来时。 6 by改为when. when warm 相当于 when it is warmed 7 改so为such. 8 改with为to.短语familiar to 后面才能接“某人” familiar with 是接sth 9 改requiring为required.过去分词短语作后置定语时，和被修饰的名词时逻辑动宾关系。 10 have 后加 been.动词give和主语three states 是动宾关系 专业八级改错练习－11 Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, __1__while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and suggests the essence __2__of the personality or character beneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact __3__the caricature is recognizable, and yet exaggerated. From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through __4__the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in __5__the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially, this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and __6__magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his __7__portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was __8__close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon than to the __9__string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended __10__by amiable attacks. 【答案】 1 将affect改为effect, affect是动词。effect是名词。 2 将suggests改为 suggesting,这是一个以while引导的从句，其中suggest应该与capturing并列。 3 在fact后面加上that,因为引导同位语从句的关系词不可以省略。 4 将their改为its,这里its指代单数名词caricature 5 将century改为复数形式 6 将was省略,appear是不及物动词，不应用于被动语态。 7 将his改为their,这里指代复数名词 the caricaturists 8 将primary改为primarily, primarily在这里做状语，修饰不定式短语 9 将close改为比较级形式closer,从后面的连词than，可以看出，这里使用了比较状语从句 10 将amusing改为 amused,主语subject（受攻击的人）和amuse的逻辑关系是动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式。 专业八级改错练习－10 A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1__going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2__prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3__seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4__the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5__dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6__in millions. The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7__two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8__from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9__country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10__-ing out again to the suburbs. 【答案】 1 在new one前加a.这里one指代上下文中的可数名词purpose，因此该词前要有限定词。 2 将filling改为filled.在这里，非谓语动词fill与句子的who（poor immigrants）之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此要使用过去分词来表示被动意义。 3 去掉though. 4 将this改为what.根据句子结构，我们可以看出这里需要一个关系代词，它既能引导主语从句，同时也可以在从句中作主语，这个关系代词就是what.如：What I like in a good author is not what he says，but what he whispers. 5 将was改为were.that引导定语从句，其先行词是descriptions…and the enormous contrasts,因此谓语动词be要用复数。 6 将dissimilar 改为 similar.这里要表示的是“共同，相似”之处。 7 将lies 改为lie.behind it lie two myths 是个倒装句，主语为two myths，可见谓语动词要使用复数。 8 将that改为which.这里是一个非限制性定语从句，因此不可用that，而要用which. 9 将it改为them.复数名词immigrants的代词，所以要用复数形式。 10 将late改为later 专业八级改错练习－9 When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the __1__way they occupied the space around them—for example, when such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never __2__bump into other people. However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, __3__it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited __4__to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American __5__hasn't been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had __6__known about American food, he might have behaved better. __7__Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that __8__it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, __9__said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. __10__And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners. 【答案】 1将on改为by.“by the way”作“根据……方式”讲。 2 将unaware改为aware.根据下文中的“Such a person never bump into other people”判断，这种人不会“目中无人”。 3 将as改为than.“more + adj/of + n + than”是固定搭配。 4 将it改为which. which在此引导一个非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，需要注意的是，在从句中he said是插入语。 5 将at改为in.名词the country前要用介词in. 6 将hasn't改为hadn't.根据上下文我们可以看出这里需要使用过去完成时。 7 将American改为Arab.根据上文，我们可以看出，这里讲述的是赴“阿拉伯”传统宴会的“美国人”的故事，而不是赴“美国”传统宴会的“美国人”的故事。 8 将as 改为like.介词as意思为“作为”，like意思为“像”。 9 将falls改为fell.这里要使用一般过去时。 10 将第一个of删掉。say作为及物动词，后面可直接跟名词作宾语。 专业八级改错练习－8 Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height __1__after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” __2__These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but temporary __3__reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a ounger age than their __4__Europe counterparts. __5__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed __6__families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a __7__postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of __8__couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States __9__maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. __10__Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned. 【答案】 1 将height改为high/peak.整句话的大意为他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了20世纪的高峰。high可以用作名词，意为“高峰”，“高水准”，“最高纪录”。height可以作“极点，顶点”解释。例如：The height of cleverness is to conceal one's cleverness. 2 将第二个不定冠词a 去掉。steady decline 意为持续的下降，前面不用加冠词。又如：years of hard work.根据语感可以判断出来。 3 在went后加on，或将went改为lasted.此处是“持续”的意思，所以可以用went on 或者last来表达。 4 将high改为higher.此处意为美国人结婚率比以前提高了，有与战前相比的意思，因此应用比较级。 5 将Europe改为European. 6 删掉more.此处的大意为战后离婚率也下降了，这个现象不大有人注意，但同样也很重要。另外，more与equally相矛盾。 7 将nevertheless改为also或者删掉nevertheless.此处上下文之间不是转折关系，而是递进关系。 8 将that 改为those.此处的代词应指marriages这个复数名词，因此应用those.此处考察代词与先行词一致的问题。 9 将Since改为Although/Though/While.此处是转折关系，不是因果关系。 10 将in改为to.短语to the extent是固定搭配。 专业八级改错练习－7 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you can't help being strucked by the __1__appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year,a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down __7__on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__. 【答案】 1 strucked改为struck或者stricken.过去分词形式有误。strike的过去式是struck，过去分词为struck或者stricken. 2 date改为dated或者outdated， 3 on other hand 改为 on the other hand 4 entire改为entirely，副词修饰形容词different，并与different一起修饰age. 5 minority改为majority. 从上下文以及常识判断，多半男性成功地抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图，即多年来，男性大服装款式跟女性服饰相比没有多大的变化。 6 it改为them，them指代the great majority of men. 7 fewer改为few，此处没有比较的意味。 8 去掉on.lay down为习语，表示“规定（规则，原则，法规等）”。 9 sometime改为 sometimes. 10 height改为high.形容词作be 的表语。 专业八级改错练习－6 We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any moment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly depend on fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of language is that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel the necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most people have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater than some people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__takes language as its object of investigation. 【答案】 1 with 改为 without.“hardy any moment passes without someone…” , 两个否定: without 和hardly，意思是“每一时刻有人……”。 2 fast 前面加the因为fast and successful use 这个词组后边有一个前置词短语 of language 修饰use，所以被修饰的词前面加定冠词。 3. than on ourselves 改为than things on ourselves.在这里比较的是两件事：things around us and things on ourselves（我们周围的事物和我们自身的东西）。第二个things不能省略，否则引起误解。 4 differs 改为distinguishes.语言区分人与动物，differ是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，只能用介词，如：Man differs from animals in that man possesses language. 5 inquire改为acquire“习得语言”应该是acquire language，名词短语是language acquisition. Inquire 是“询问”的意思。 6 we前面加上 do 副词nor放在句首表示强调，应用倒装句，一般现在时强调句是在主语前面加助动词 do. 7 combination改为relationships.语言和思维的关系，不是结合；语言和思维的关系是当代语言学研究的重要领域。 8 like 改为as.根据上下文，要表达的意思是“作为语言的使用者”，不是“像语言的使用者”。 9 a 去掉 这里是否定的意思：“我们没有多少人……”而不是“我们一些人.….”。 10 assured 改为 assumed. 这句的后半部分意思是“研究语言的必要性比我们想象的要大得多”。Assure译为“确保”；assume译为“假设”或者“想象”的意思。 专业八级改错练习－5 The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter. Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the King's fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown. Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earth's stock of whales is still being __7__depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man's imagination and __10__made the world a more exciting place 【答案】 1 将which改为that.先行词由最高修饰时定语从句的关系代词只能用that. 2 在thought 后面加of，或者将thought 改为regarded.“think of A as B”，指“把A看作B”，为固定搭配。 3 去掉he.这句话的主语是“to hunt a whale”，“to hunt a whale was high adventure”。中间的“when…”只是插入的状语从句。 4 在referred后加to.“refer to A as B”只“把A称作B”，这句话的意思是“古人把鲸称作大鱼”。 5 在felt 后加for.这句话实际的结构是“feel a sense of wonder for whales”指“对鲸怀有惊奇的感觉”，for引出对象。 6 在exploit后加them.capture，slaughter，exploit都是及物动词，后面必须加宾语。 7 去掉but.前面已有“even though”，后面就不应该再用but. 8 将since改为from.“100 years from now”指“从现在起100年后”since 只能用于完成时。 9 在blame前加to.“be to blame for sth ”指“对某事应负责任”，为固定搭配。 10 在always前加has.这个定语从句强调对现在的影响，很明显应该用完成时，不能用过去式。 专业八级改错练习－4 What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question, as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__escape—not even light. But we can't see a black hole. A black hole __4__exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”—a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of __6___its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7__size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8__gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9__And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10__ 【答案】 supernova 名词，[天]超新星 1. 将as 改为since或者because.在表示原因的连接词中，只有as引导的原因状语从句不能位于主句之后，只能位于句首。 2. 将adequate 改为inadequate，或者在are后加not.从逻辑上分析，因为我们拥有的科学术语“不充足”，所以才无法回答这个问题，所以用否定形式。 3. 在which 前加into.这是一个定语从句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物质可以掉进去的地方”，所以定语从句应该为“into which matter has fallen”。 4. 将but 改为 so. 上文已提到“连光都无法从黑洞中逃出”，所以我们根本无法看到黑洞。这里应该是因果关系，而不是转折关系。 5. 将thus改为so.这句话的意思是“那只是空间—或者我们认为它只是空间”。so做 think 的宾语，thus 只能做连词，不能做宾语。 6. 将which 改为whose.这个定语从句的意思是“它是一颗星，其密度非常大，由于自身的引力，它在不断地收缩”。matter 属于star，所以关系代词应该用whose. 7. 去掉in. result为不及物动词，意为“形成了”，而“result in sth.”意为“导致某结果”。 8. 将masses 改为mass. mass 可指“大量的物质”，而“the masses”特指“劳动群众”，用在此处不妥。 9. 将ideas 改为idea.“idea”在表达“印象”时，为不可数名词，不可以用复数。 10. 将no改为any.分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的东西都会被吸进去。 专业八级改错练习－3 We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _____1_____that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _____2_____with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to build them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3_____them to explain about the rinciples of physics that have gone into creating the _____4_____computer, you don't have faintest idea. _____5_____The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6_____creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _____7_____technology. Lots of people don't differ between the two. Science is the production of _____8_____new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _____9_____ Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology,it's not necessarily harmful. No society has yet earned to forecast the consequences of _____10_____new technology, which can be enormous. 【答案】 1.在which前加in，或将which改为where 在这里which引导限制性从句，修饰先行词the society.in which 在从句中作状语，当然也可以用关系副词where引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，例如：Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. 2.将as 改为than 3.将So改为But或者However或者Nevertheless.因为这里上下文是转折关系。 4.将about去掉。因为explain是及物动词。 5.将you改为they 6.将like改为as.因为such as 是固定搭配。 7.将takes改为gives.give rise to表示“引起，导致”之意。 8.将differ改为 distinguish.牵着表示“有区别”。后者表示“区分，找出……的差别。 9.将others改为other.这样the other就和上文的one构成固定搭配，表示在两个中“一个……；另外一个……” 10.将harmful改为harmless，只有这样才可以表达上下文的对比关系。 专业八级改错练习－2 “Home, sweet home” is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____for one's family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to ___4_____support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____way of life. 【答案】 1. 将no改为 not 2. 将place改为land place是可数名词，作“地方”讲，而land意为“土地，田地”是不可数名词。例如：Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay. 当你偶尔光顾时，独处是一个美妙的境地，但是如果久留，它却是一个糟糕的地方。 There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there. 3. 将started改为start start应使用不定式，以和前面的find，build一致。 4. 将working改为work. work应该用第三人称复数，和live一致。另外，family在这里作“家人”讲，是复数。 5. 将anyone改为everyone 这里是要用everyone指每个人，而不是要用anyone泛指。 6. 将but删除 7. 将before改为after 根据上下文判断，这里要表达的是二战之后。 8. 将But改为 And 根据语意，这里要表达的是递进关系，而不是转折关系。例如： When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that's my religion. 当我行善事，我感到坦然；当我行恶时，我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。 9. 将it改为they 10. 在house the中间加入介词as regard…as 作“把……当作……”讲。 专业八级改错练习－1 About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University. The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation's Children's Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories. The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart. 【答案】 1. 将had used 改为 used. 因为此句是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如： Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人－如果他们不自以为聪明的话。 2. 将publishing改为published report和publish时逻辑动宾关系，故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report.例如： Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现，不管多么微不足道，都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。 3. 将theirs改为their 4. 将among改为between 在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间，故用between. 5 将过去分词excluded改为介词excluding. excluding意为“不包括…” 6. 将respectably改为respectively respectively 意为 “分别地 ”，符合句子的意思。而respectably意为 “可敬的，值得尊敬地 ”。 7. 将evidences改为evidence. evidence是不可数名词。 8. 将ill改为illness. 9. 将year改为years. 10. 将lesser改为less