2014年专业八级翻译分类专项试题(十)

专业八级翻译分类专项试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 (十) 一、Chinese to English （本大题5小题．每题10.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。   【正确答案】：答案: As for the meaning of life, could there be any criterion to measure it? It is certainly quite difficult, of course, to put forward such an absolute one, but if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what are his attitudes towards his work and life, it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one's life. Throughout the ages, all accomplished men take their lives seriously. As long as they are living, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. Such examples have been set a lot by Chinese laboring people, as well as great politicians and thinkers of past dynasties. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 本篇节选自《生命的三分之一》，是该文的开头部分。作者为马南邮。该文原始出处为《燕山夜话》，北京出版社，1980年出版。初中语文自读课本七年级 上册 三年级上册必备古诗语文八年级上册教案下载人教社三年级上册数学 pdf四年级上册口算下载三年级数学教材上册pdf 第8课《短文两篇》中也有此文。 [难点注释] 1．提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难：此处最好采用形式主语来翻译。“提出”可译为put forward。 2．但是。大体上看一个人对待生命的态度……适当的估计了：这个句子较长，翻译时要注意分清结构。前面部分内容含假设之意，可考虑译为含有if引导的条件复合句；其中两个“看……”在结构上应是并列的，可译为两个由find out引导的宾语从句；“做出适当的估计”可译为make all appropriate evaluation。 3．古来：也就是“历来，从古到今”，所以翻译为throughout the ages。 4．有成就的人：accomplished people或者people with great accomplishment。 5．当他活着一天：也就是说只要他活着，“一天”可以不翻，所以译为as long as they are living。 6．不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉：两句表达的是同一个意思，因而可采用合句译法，译为not let a single minute slip by in vain。“虚度年华”还可译为dream one's life away或spend time in vain。 7．我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此：这句采用了倒序译法，“我国劳动人民”译为Chinese laboring people。 第2题 在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有兴趣的，往往在接触一个人是首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷蝶的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜是，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，吃饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一餐馆，开始举筷是有新鲜感，新盖的房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。   【正确答案】： 答案: We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance. It's just like the experience of dining in a restaurant. The appetizers or cold dishes will leave you a very good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. And when you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey; however, when you are full, even the honey is tasteless. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这是一篇关于日常生活哲理的文章，由日常司空见惯的事情引申出大的哲理。翻译这类文章时，用词应严肃、正式。 [难点注释] 1．人际关系问题：不宜译为interpersonal relationships problems，此处的“问题”指的是这个方面的话题，故可省略不译。 2．人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点：此句前后部分隐含因果关系，因而可将前部分译为主句，后部分译为原因状语从句。“优点”可译为good或merit。“很有趣的”在此处指人本身有趣，因而不能译为interested，而应译为interesting。 3．开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好：此句为汉语中常见的无主句，可增译主语或译为被动句。“头盘或冷碟”在翻译时应注意英语中的对应表达。“头盘”在西餐中指第一道菜，也称为开胃品，通常译为appetizers，“冷碟”则可译为cold dishes。 4．吃头两个主菜……转首肯为摇头：此三句也是无主句，结合后面出现的第二人称“你”，可在翻泽时采用增译法，添加主语you，使译文上下一致。其中，第六句与第五句构成转折关系，因而在句首增译出表转折的however。“愈……愈……”可译为the more…the more…的结构。而第六句后部分“吃完了这顿宴席……”与前部分则存在时间先后顺序，含有“直到……”之意，因而可译为until引导的时间状语从句。“冷静”在此可译为sober或calm。“缺点”可译为flaw，shortcoming或defect。 5．转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头：此句在翻译时可采用平行结构将原文含义及语言特点体现出来，“转……为……”可选用动词词组give way to或rum...into。“责备挑剔”可直接译为scolding and nit-picking，若译为criticism or even fault-finding则更佳。“首肯”即点头赞同，可译为nodding in agreement。 6．饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜：此句中“饿了”和“饱了”可分别转译为when引导的时间状语从句。“不甜”在此若译为not sweet，则无法完全表达句中所含“无味道，不好吃”之意，故应译为tasteless或insipid。 第3题 在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。   【正确答案】： 答案: Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, acting at my will in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom in honour of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small cabin on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, each full of rejoicing. All at once, seized by a feeling of being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world, I could not help bursting into tears. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这是一篇关于日常生活的回忆的散文，所叙系日常琐事，属散文体。汉语理解不应该有问题，翻译时，关键对是日常生活用语和修饰语的处理。 [难点注释] 1．在得病以前，……十分郁郁不得志起来：此句为典型的流水句，结构松散，可根据意群，采用拆译法将其分成“在得病以前，……横行霸道”和“一旦隔离，……郁郁不得志起来”两部分翻译，力求使译文结构紧凑。 2．我受父母宠爱：可译成I had been a spoiled child of my parents。此处要注意把握时态，本篇为回忆性散文，因而整体时态应为过去时。 3．横行霸道：指的是“为所欲为，想干什么就干什么”，在此以分词短语的形式译出，即acting at my will。 4．隔离。拘禁：可合译为过去分词短语isolated and confined。 5．被打入冷宫：表示一种被冷落的感觉，意译为I felt I was neglected。 6．一个春天的傍晚，……笑语四溢：可拆分成两句话来翻译，但也可译为一句，使译文更添多样性。首先可以将“父母在园中设宴”译为主句，其他内容译为分词短语和从句。 7．设宴：可译为to hold a banquet或to give a banquet。 8．百花怒放：是对园子的描述，因而可泽为where引导的定语从句where all sorts of flowers are in full bloom来修饰garden。 9．霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢：指宾客的到来使得园子里人潮涌动，欢声笑语一片，可意译为whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats。 10．我在山坡的小屋里：可转译为介词短语inthe small cabin on the slope。 11．悄悄：指未引人注意，可译为quietly或without being noticed。 12．窥见：译为meet、spy、peep即可。 13．大千世界：可译为a great and prosperous world或a kaleidoscopic world。 14．喜气洋洋：可译为each full of rejoicing或all in jubilation。 15．一霎时，……禁不住痛哭起来：可将“禁不住痛哭起来”译为主句，即I could not help bursting into tears。前部分译为过去分词短语。“兜上心头”是指心里产生某种情绪，可译为seized by a feeling of。 第4题 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。   【正确答案】： 答案: All human beings, whether they are poor or rich, are equally bestowed by Nature. Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on it. This is particularly true in the countryside where people have been living in the same styles for thousands of years—planting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flowers, going to churches on weekend and praying, playing music, dancing and singing in the square on holidays. Yesterday's fields and gardens remain their pleasant homesteads today. Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这段 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 是一篇散文的节选，所叙之事，妇孺皆知；所述之理，老幼皆懂。翻译这类文章时，虽然灵活性很大，但既忌讳华而不实，也忌讳过分正式、死板。考试遇到这类文章时，应尽量少用大词。 [难点注释] 1．大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等：“恩赐”可译为bestow或bless。此句可将主动句译成被动句，译为All human beings，whether they are poor or rich，are equally bestowed by Nature。 2．全都一致：可译为unanimously。 3．尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着，种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，……：此句较长，但逻辑很清晰，主干部分就是“尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着”，其他部分是排比，列举了人们不同的生活方式，翻译时两部分可用破折号连接。 4．酿酒：在此可译为brewing wine。 5．喂牛和挤奶：可译为feeding and milking cows。 6．祈祷和做礼拜：无须逐字译出，灵活译为pray即可。 7．往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园：可独立译成一句：Yesterday's fields and gardens remain their pleasant homesteads today.本句中yesterday和today~成对比。 8．传说：可泽为legends and tales。 9．风俗：译为traditions and customs。 10．衍传：译为passed on from generation to generation。 第5题 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于盘心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”   【正确答案】： 答案: In his late years, Qiao Yu became enamored of fishing. He asserted: "Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish is usually a place with good environment, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal." According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one's temperament and to one's health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claimed: "Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both physically and mentally.\ [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这段文字具有散文风格，但表达比较口语化，翻译起来有一定难度，需准确把握句意，根据英文表达习惯，转换成地道的英文表达，尤其在措辞和句式上要用心琢磨。 [难点注释] 1．晚年的乔羽：不能译为old Qiao Yu，“晚年的”可转译为介词短语in his late years或in his old age。 2．喜爱钓鱼：有多种表达方式，在此可简单译为liked fishing，也可泽为enamored of fishing或developed a special fondness for fishing，以添文采。 3．有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的：可译为a place with water and fish is usually a place with good environment。 4．给人好心情：是指使人处于心情好的状态，不能译为give one good mood，可译为keep one in good mood。 5．最好的钓鱼场……大自然野外天成的场所：可译为not…，but…的结构。 6．钓鱼场所：在文中泛指可供钓鱼的地方，而“垂钓园”则偏向于商业性的钓鱼之处，故两者对应的译文要有所区别，可分别译为the places for fishing和commercial fishing centers。 7．大自然野外天成的场所：即浑然天成的野外之地，可灵活译为those naturally-formed places in the wilderness。 8．钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康：此句也是依据乔羽的观点而来的，故增译according to him。“陶冶性情”在此可转译为名词短语the cultivation of one's temperament。 10．吃鱼和情趣兼而有之：可译为a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure of fishing。 11．一池碧水：不宜译为a pool of green water，此处应指水清澈透明，故译为a pond of clear water更贴切些。 12．将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边：可增译主语one，该部分可译为one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances。“身心”在此为名词，可转译为副词physically and mentally。 二、English to Chinese （本大题5小题．每题10.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is fight that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what y9u read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.   【正确答案】： 答案: 然而，很少有人询问， 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 到底能给予我们什么。翻开书本之际，我们常常思想模糊，思维割裂， 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 小说情节真实，要求诗歌内容虚构，要求传记阿谀奉承，要求史书认同一己之见。阅读之时，若能摒弃所有这些先人之见，那将是一个可喜的开端。不要对作者指手画脚，而应力求设身处地，与其合作共谋。若是你一开始便犹豫不决，先人为主，或吹毛求疵，你就不可能最大限度地从阅读中获益。但若能大大敞开思想，那么，开篇的那几行曲径通幽的文字，那几乎微不可察的精妙暗示将把你带到一个独具特色的人物面前。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 本篇节选自英国著名作家兼文学批评家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf,1888—1941)的散文作品，题目为：About Reading Books。 [难点注释] 1．Most commonly we come to…our own prejudices：这个长句，由几个并列结构构成，即ask of的四个宾语成分，在此可按照原文的语序进行翻译。come to books若译为“走向书本”，则显得生涩拗口，不符合汉语的表达习惯，可灵活译为“翻开书本之际”或“开卷之时”。 2．divided minds：本义是“分开的，区别的”，根据上下文可以看出是指，自己固有的对书的看法，故译为“个人的”。 3．preconception：先人为主的看法。 4．banish：摈弃，抛开。 5．Do not dictate to your author, try to become him: dictate to someone本义指“对某人发号施令”，在此可灵活译为“对某人指手画脚”。try to become him不可译为“试着成为他”，此处指读者看书时要站在作者的角度去读，因此可译为“试着设身处地”。 6．worker and accomplice：原为名词，但考虑到本句中前两分句结构均译为动词，为了取得一致，也转译为动词结构“合作共谋”。 7．the twist and turn：本义为“曲折转弯”，在此可译为“曲径通幽”。 8．imperceptible：极细微的。 第2题 For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. I'm lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconsciousness, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.   【正确答案】：答案: 只有当我疲惫不堪的时候，在我长时间不停埋头工作的时候，或是在我一时感到内心空虚，需要充实的时候，我才会感到孤独。此外，在巡回讲学完回家，或见过许多人，讲过许多话，满脑的见闻感受需要梳理之时，我也会感到孤独。 于是，就有那么一阵子，屋里显得空荡荡的，而我不知道自我潜藏何处了。只有去浇浇花草，或许，再次打量每一株花草，将之视为活生生的人，我才能渐渐找回失去的自我。 找回自我需要一点时问。当我看着浪花进若喷泉，身边的世界逐渐消逝时，那一时刻才会到来。自我再次从潜意识深处浮现，最近经历的种种也都随之而来，以待我探究和细细品味。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这是一篇关于个人生活的散文。作者为女作家梅·萨顿(May Sarton)(1912-1995)。选自散文The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life(《独身生活的回报》)，是该篇散文的结尾部分，个别地方有删节。这类文章比较容易理解，关键是表达时的文采。翻译时应注意尽量意译，可以适当发挥。 [难点注释] 1．I'm lonely only when…，when…，when…：此句中几个when引导的状语从句构成了并列的排比句，翻译时尽可能使译文也采用同样的排比结构，从而更贴近原文风格。同时，此句中的overtired，worked等在翻译时可采用汉语中常见的四字成语，更能体现散文的风采，可分别泽为“疲惫不堪”和“埋头工作”。 2．for the time being：固定短语，可译为“一时，眼下”。 3．feel empty：感到内心空虚。 4．need filling up：可引申为“需要有所慰藉、充实”。 5．And I am lonely...that needs to be sorted out：and可省略不译，a lecture trip在此指“巡回讲学”。am full to the brim with experience若译为“我见闻感受满到快溢出来了”，则令人不知所以然，也不符合汉语的表达习惯，此处指，作者感到心里装了太多的东西，快要放不下了，意思是“我的脑子里塞满了太多的见闻感受”。 6．Then for a little while...，and I wonder where my self is hiding：此句中，for a while可译为“一阵，一会儿”，the house feels huge and empty是作者当时的感觉，可灵活译为“屋里显得空荡荡的”。 7．It has to be recaptured slowly...as though it were a person：句中出现了两个it，其中第一个指代的是myself，第二个则指花草，即作者把一株一株的花草当作有思想的人来看待。recapture意为“重温；再现”。 8．It takes a while，…experienced to be explored and slowly understood：最后一段是个长句，结构比较复杂，主干为it take…，but…and…，根据意群可在as和and处断开，分译成三个句子。It takes a while中，it承接上段的内容，因此可具体译为“找回自我”。翻译as I...falls away这一部分时，可先译出as和when引导的两个时间状语从句。fall away可译为“消逝”，the deep unconscious可译为“高度无意识”，但译为“潜意识深处”更流畅些。slowly understood可译为“慢慢理解”，同样的，若译为“细细品味”则更佳。 第3题 In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can t see them. Where. Why everywhere, he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being.\   【正确答案】：答案: 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，记述了主人公——一位土地开发商——带着表妹游览一座他正在建造的城市的情景。他向表妹描绘了宽敞开阔的街道，鳞次栉比的房屋，俨然是一座熙熙攘攘的大都市。然而，他表妹环顾四周，却一脸茫然，她所看到的不过是一片森林而已。于是她问：“你要给我看的种种美景和改观在哪里啊?”他很惊讶，她竟然没有领会到。他回答说：“还问哪里?这不到处都是嘛。”因为尽管它们还没有真正建起来，但他早已在心中构想好了。它们对他来说是如此地真实而具体，仿佛它们早已建成竣工了一样。 库珀在这里展示了一种美国人独有的特征，即前瞻性：他们能够站在未来的高度来审视眼前的一切；摆脱过去的束缚而更加心系未来。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾说过的那样：“于美国人而言，生活总是变化前进着，而非一成不变。” [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 这是一篇关于美国文学的论说性语篇，虽然语言不算难，但涉及典型的美国人的处世视角，中国读者来说很难理解。对于我们不熟悉的主题或事情，翻译时应注意尽量直译，少做些个人发挥。 [难点注释] 1．the broad streets，rows of houses，a bustling metropolis：在翻译时可采用汉语中常见的“宽敞开阔”、“鳞次栉比”、“熙熙攘攘”等四字成语，从而使译文更优美，凸显翻译水平。 2．bewildered：为过去分词作副词，可转译为“一脸茫然”。 3．He's astonished she can't see them：句中see本义为“看见，明白，领会”，在此选择后面的意思更好些，译为“领会”。 4．Where! Why everywhere：可用转译法进行灵活处理，体现出他的惊讶和不可思议，该句可译为：还问哪里?这不到处都是嘛1 5．future-mindedness：若按字面意思译为“未来的思想”则显得拗口，而译为“前瞻性”更好些。 6．from the vantage point of the future：字面意思为“从未来的有利位置”，根据语境可译为“站在未来的高度”。unencumbered意为“没有阻碍的，不受妨碍的”。 7．emotionally attached to：本义为“在情感上依恋于……”，但译为“心系……”更佳。 8．Life for the American is always becoming，never being：此句为爱因斯坦的引言，翻译时更需注意，尽量译出名人名言特有的风格来。become本义为“成为，变成”，在此可引申译为“变化前进”。同理，be本义为“是，存在”，根据语境译为“一成不变”。 第4题 The word "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.   【正确答案】：答案: 成功者不会把毕生的精力投入这样一种概念，即想象自己应该成为何种人。相反，他们会保持自我本色。因此，他们不会劳神费力去装腔作势．故作姿态，或摆布利用他人。他们知道真诚爱人和虚情假意的不同，懂得愚蠢与装傻的区别，清楚博学和伪博学的差异。成功者无需戴着面具生活。 成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自身的学识。他们能够分清事实与观点，明辨是非，不会装作无所不知。他们倾听他人的见解，品评他人的言论，但形成自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩他人，敬重他人，但他们绝不会受制于他人，为他人所束缚，不会畏惧他人，或为他人所击垮。 成功者不会玩弄“孤弱无助”的把戏，也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们会肩负起人生的责任。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 本段材料是一篇议论文的节选，文章用精辟的语言论述了胜者的形象，即胜者的特征。文章结构简单，翻译出语言的真正内涵是难点所在。 [难点注释] 1．Winners do not dedicate their lives to...and manipulating others：此句是个长句，可在冒号处断句进行翻译。在前部分Winners do not...should be中，在翻译concept。之类的抽象名词时，可用一个“即”字引出concept的具体内容，也就是what引导的宾语从句。 2．put on a performance：本义为“表演”，在此可译为“装腔作势”。 3．maintain pretence：本义为“继续假装下去”，在此可译为“故作姿态”。 4．manipulate others：译为“摆布利用他人”。 5．They are aware...acting knowledgeable：句中有三个between…and的并列结构，在翻译时可采用顺译法，保持与原文一致的排比结构。 6．do their own thinking：可译为“独立思考”。 7．separate facts from opinions：可译为“分清事实与观点，明辨是非”。 8．pretend to have all the answers：可译为“假装无所不知”。 9．come to their own conclusions：可译为“形成，得出自己的结论”。 10．Although winners…：包含几个并列的被动结构，为了使译文措辞更加多样化，在翻译时不要全都译成“被”字句，可适当选用“为”、“把”等来表示。几个动词define，demolish，bind和awe可分别译为“限制”、“打垮”、“束缚”和“敬畏”。 11．play “helpless”：中带有双引号，翻译时也可保留，译为“玩弄‘孤弱无助’的把戏”，而play the blaming game则可译为“怨天尤人”。 12．assume：常用义为“假定，设想(权力)”，根据上下文，在此应取“承担(责任)”之义。 第5题 Possession fur its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "the pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.   【正确答案】：答案: 殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓之所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了那些不可能的情形之外，我们在一生之中所获得的满足感取决于我们在多高的境界中选择面对困难。当罗伯特·弗罗斯特谈到“以苦为乐”时，他心中的想法大体如此。商业广告中所鼓吹的幸福观，其致命的不足就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。 即使是在游戏中，我们也需要困难。之所以需要它，是因为如果没有困难，便无游戏可言。游戏就是使事情变得困难，以便从中寻求乐趣。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难故意强加于人。当有人将这种乐趣摧毁时，那总是因为他拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这尤如下棋；如果你随心所欲地去更改那些游戏规则，这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。然而，下棋的乐趣却在于，在规则限定的范围内赢取胜利。没有困难，便没有乐趣可言。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [篇章介绍] 本文是哲理性的论说文，探讨了幸福生活的本质和真正意义，即生活之路必定充满荆棘和困难，否则就毫无意义可言。原文句子简短有力，深刻隽永。 [难点注释] 1．Effort is the gist of it：此句表达精炼，其中effort可增译为四字成语“殚精竭虑，全力以赴”，而代词it则指代上文提到的the active discipline，翻译时要注意把握上下文，以免造成歧义甚至误译。 2．There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties：在翻译时需要调整语序，其中no…except可译为“除非……否则……”的结构，短语take on译为“承担”，life-engaging可译为“全身心投入的”。 3．Short of the impossible，...choose our difficulties：句中虽然没有生词，但要译好并非易事。as Yeats put it可增译为“正如爱尔人诗人叶芝所言”，更准确。该句还有几个地方需要用到增词译法，如the impossible译为“那些不可能的(情形)”，how high译为“(在)多高(的境界)”。 4．was thinking in something like the same terms：可灵活译为“心中的想法大体如此”。 5．the pleasure of taking pains：可译为“以苦为乐”或“苦中作乐”。 6．The mortal flaw...purports to be effortless：句中可将mortal flaw译为“致命的不足”，动词purport则译为“声称，宣扬”。 7．an arbitrary imposition of difficulty：为名词短语，可转译为动词短语“将困难故意强加于人”。 8．at your pleasure：为固定短语，可译为“随心所欲”。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com