曼昆经济学原理中文第四版 答案23

曼昆经济学原理中文第四版 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 23 第23章《生活费用的衡量》(2008-09-24 11:47:31) 标签:杂谈 分类:《经济学原理》习题选答 复习题: 1. Which do you think has a greater effect on the consumer price index: a 10 percent increase in the price of chicken or a 10 percent increase in the price of caviar? Why? 哪一项对CPI影响大, 答:鸡肉。在衡量CPI的“篮子”中，鸡肉占比例大。 2. Describe the three problems that make the consumer price index an imperfect measure of the cost of living. 答:消费替代产品。新产品不能及时反映在CPI的篮子里。同一种产品，质量方面的改进， 无法体现在CPI中。 3. If the price of a Navy submarine rises, is the consumer price index or the GDP deflator affected more? Why? 答:潜艇涨价，对CPI没有影响。但是比GDP平减指数有影响，因为潜艇属于政府购买，计 入GDP。 4. Over a long period of time, the price of a candy bar rose from $0.10 to $0.60. Over the same period, the consumer price index rose from 150 to 300. Adjusted for overall inflation, how much did the price of the candy bar change? 经CPI修正后 的糖果价格上涨多少, 答:(0.6/0.1)/(300/150)=3. 糖果实际价格上升了3倍。 5. Explain the meaning of nominal interest rate and real interest rate. How are they related? 答:名义利率就是银行的借贷利率。而实际利率是根据通货膨胀率更正后的利率。实际利率=名 义利率-通货膨胀率。 应用题: 1. Suppose that people consume only three goods, as shown in this table: TENNIS TENNIS BALLS RACQUETS GATORADE 2001 price $2 $40 $1 2001 quantity 100 10 200 2002 price $2 $60 $2 2002 quantity 100 10 200 a. What is the percentage change in the price of each of the three goods? What is the percentage change in the overall price level? 答:网球价格变化:(2-2)/2=0% 网球拍价格变化:(60-40)/40=50%, 价格上涨了50% 给他力价格变化:(2-1)/1=100% 物价总水平变化: 第一步，确定篮子，这里是100个网球，10个网球拍和200瓶给他力。 第二步，列出篮子里每种商品的不同时期价格，略。 第三步，计算不同时期篮子里商品的总费用。2001年总费用=2x100+40X10+1X200=800 元。 2002年总费用=2X100+60X10+2x200=1200元 第四步，用选定的基年计算CPI。2001年 CPI = (800/800)x 100=100. 2002年 CPI=(1200/800)X100=150. 第五步，计算通货膨胀率，(150-100)/100=50% b. Do tennis racquets become more or less expensive relative to Gatorade? Does the well-being of some people change relative to the well-being of others? Explain. 相对于给他力饮料，网球拍变得昂贵了还是便宜了,相对于一些人的福利，另一些人的福利有 什么变动, 答:因为给他力价格上涨了100%而网球拍只是上涨50%，所以网球拍相对于给他力变得便宜 了。购买给他力的人的福利比购买网球和网球拍的人的福利恶化了。 2. Suppose that the residents of Vegopia spend all of their income on cauliflower花椰菜, broccoli椰菜, and carrots. In 2001 they buy 100 heads of cauliflower for $200, 50 bunches of broccoli for $75, and 500 carrots for $50. In 2002 they buy 75 heads of cauliflower for $225, 80 bunches of broccoli for $120, and 500 carrots for $100. If the base year is 2001, what is the CPI in both years? What is the inflation rate in 2002? 答:2001年一篮子商品总费用=200+75+50=325元。 2002年同样一篮子商品总费用=100x(225/75)+50x(120/80)+100=475元。 2001年CPI=100 2002年CPI=(475/325)X 100=146 通货膨胀率=(146-100)/100=46% (也等于[475-325]/325=46%) 4. Beginning in 1994, environmental regulations have required that gasoline contain a new additive to reduce air pollution. This requirement raised the cost of gasoline. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) decided that this increase in cost represented an improvement in quality. a. Given this decision, did the increased cost of gasoline raise the CPI? 答:因为计入质量提高了，所以这次汽油提价，不计入CPI。 b. What is the argument in favor of the BLS’s decision? What is the argument for a different decision? 答:劳工局认为，虽然汽油价格上涨了，但是汽油质量提高了，所以两者抵消了。另一种说 法，空气质量提高大概抵不上汽油价格上涨，所以这次提价，应部分计入CPI。 5. Which of the problems in the construction of the CPI might be illustrated by each of the following situations? Explain. 下面每一种情况，在编制CPI时会出现什么问题, a. the invention of the Sony Walkman 答:新产品，CPI无法反映。 b. the introduction of air bags in cars 答:质量提高，CPI无法反映。 c. increased personal computer purchases in response to a decline in their price 答:偏好替代 d. more scoops of raisins in each package of Raisin Bran 每包早餐麦片分量增加 答:质量提高 e. greater use of fuel-efficient cars after gasoline prices increase 偏好替代 6. The New York Times cost $0.15 in 1970 and $0.75 in 1999. The average wage in manufacturing was $3.35 per hour in 1970 and $13.84 in 1999. a. By what percentage did the price of a newspaper rise? 答:(0.75-0.15)/0.15=400% b. By what percentage did the wage rise? 答:(13.84-3.35)/3.35=313% c. In each year, how many minutes does a worker have to work to earn enough to buy a newspaper? 答:1970年，0.15/(3.35/60)=2.7分钟。 1999年，0.75/(13.84/60)=3.25分钟。 d. Did workers’ purchasing power in terms of newspapers rise or fall? 答:如果按纽约时报报纸衡量，工人的购买力下降了。 7. The chapter explains that Social Security benefits are increased each year in proportion to the increase in the CPI, even though most economists believe that the CPI overstates actual inflation. a. If the elderly consume the same market basket as other people, does Social Security provide the elderly with an improvement in their standard of living each year? Explain. 答:老年人的生活水平提高了。因为CPI总是高估价格上涨。 b. In fact, the elderly consume more health care than younger people, and health care costs have risen faster than overall inflation. What would you do to determine whether the elderly are actually better off from year to year? 答:因为老年人医疗费用所占比例高，所以应该为老年人专门设计一个篮子来衡量CPI，其 中医疗涨价占权重大。以此避免其生活水平降低。 8. How do you think the basket of goods and services you buy differs from the basket bought by the typical U.S. household? Do you think you face a higher or lower inflation rate than is indicated by the CPI? Why? 答:略。 9. Income tax brackets were not indexed until 1985. When inflation pushed up people’ s nominal incomes during the 1970s, what do you think happened to real tax revenue? (Hint: This phenomenon was known as “bracket creep.税收 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 蠕动”) 答:名义收入增加，人们支付税收比例增加，等于减少了纳税人的实际收入，实际增加了政 府税收。 10. When deciding how much of their income to save for retirement, should workers consider the real or the nominal interest rate that their savings will earn? Explain. 答:实际利率。因为，你最终关注的是将来的购买力。 11. Suppose that a borrower and a lender agree on the nominal interest rate to be paid on a loan. Then inflation turns out to be higher than they both expected. a. Is the real interest rate on this loan higher or lower than expected? 答:低。 b. Does the lender gain or lose from this unexpectedly high inflation? Does the borrower gain or lose? 答:损失。获利。 c. Inflation during the 1970s was much higher than most people had expected when the decade began. How did this affect homeowners who obtained fixed-rate mortgages during the 1960s? How did it affect the banks who lent the money? 答:固定利率住房抵押贷款，贷款购忙者沾光。 银行吃亏。