IELTS_写作高分句型 同义词 分类词汇 谚语等

IELTS_写作高分句型 同义词 分类词汇 谚语等 写作63个高分句型 I. 前进类(用来论证advantage好的方面) 1. profit from 从„„中获益 (正式的英文写作中这个词组不一定和金钱有关，而是可以用来指获得任何形式的益处) 例句:People the world over can profit from the advancement in motorized flight. 2. A is an indispensable part of B A是B不可缺少的一部分 例句:Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn. 3. sth plays a pivotal role in „„某事在„„中起关键作用 例句: It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success. 4. enable sb. To do sth 让某人可以去做„„ 例句:Cultural assimilation (文化吸收，同化) enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new society successfully. 5. get accustomed to 适应„„ 6. someone can utilise sth 可以使用„„=use 例句:In this day and age, many individuals can utilise the Internet via computers or mobile phones. 7. sth. Is in the best interests of someone 做某事符合„„利益 例句:Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity (人类). 8. contribute to 推动 例句: A sense of fulfilment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. 9. sth. Consolidates its status as the .. 某事在不断加固它作为„„的地位 例句:English has been consolidating its status as the dominant language in the world. 10. draw on 借鉴 例句:Those who have spent some time traveling to other places have a broader view to life and better personal resources to draw on. 11. get a clear perspective of 对„„有更清晰的认识 例句:That is the best way for students to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. 12. the sense of belonging / fulfilment /achievement „„感 例句:The sense of belong to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. 13. put … into practice 把„„投入实践 例句:Putting new ideas into practice is more difficult than having them. 倒退类(用来论证disadvantage负面的方面) 1. is attended by „„某种好的现象伴随着某种坏的现象 例句:The staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem. 2. the more.. the more.. 例句:The more vehicles on the roads, the more traffic congestion to occur. 3. A can be attributed to B A 可以归因与B 例句:The proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent (严厉的) enough. 4. be afflicted with 遭受„„ 例句:In present-day society, a host of (大量) countries are afflicted with chronic poverty. 5. deprive someone of sth.剥夺某人的 例句:Modern cities deprive city-dwellers (城市居民) of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life. 6. sth. Impels sb to do 促使某人去„„ 例句:Peer pressure often impels youngsters to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories (首饰). 7. A has rendered B +adj. / n. A让B变成„„ 例句:We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 译文:我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶。 例句:The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another. 译文:快节奏的生活让很多人变得彼此疏远。 8. A recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences revealed that…. (如果是教育问题用UNESCO， 如果是犯罪问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Justice, 交通问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Transportation, 建筑问题可以用 the Chinese Ministry of Construction, 环境问题可以用HSUS and Greenpeace) 这个句型是专门用来编数据用的，比下面的例句有说服力: 例句:A recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals (哺乳动物) in lab cages (笼子) today. 注:当然，这里数据不能太夸张。 9. be addicted to sth 对„„上瘾 例句:In present-day society, many individuals are addicted to various forms of gambling. 10. sth. Is the root cause of … 某事是„„的根源 例句:The population explosion is the root cause of water scarcity. 11. be confronted with sth. 面对„„ (可以用来代替face这个同学们最爱用的词) 例句:Today, we are confronted with a plethora of (大量的) violent and pornographic (色情的) TV shows. 12. pose a threat to 对„„构成威胁 例句:At present, the proliferation (扩散) of non-biodegradable (生物不可降解的) rubbish poses a threat to humanity (人类). 13. be inundated with sth. 充斥着„ 例句:The media are inundated with detailed crime coverage. 14. if … sth. Will ensue 如果„(某种不好的结果将产生) 例句:if parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline(纪律) and respect will ensue. 15. With the incidence(发生率) of … hovering at high levels(居高不下), many have become disturbed and alarmed(感到困扰并且警觉). 例句:With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. 16. sth. is unwarranted 某种做法很不合理 例句:Experimenting upon lad animals without trying to alleviate (减轻) their pain is unwarranted. 17. at the expense of 以„„为代价 例句:We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment. 18. run contrary to 与„„背道而驰 例句:Their suggestion runs contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology enhances our efficiency. 19. diminish individuals’ leisure time 减少人们的休闲时间 例句:The accelerating pace of life seriously diminishes individuals’ leisure time. 20. It is wrong-headed to equate … with … 把„„等同于„„是错误的 例句:It is wrong-headed to equate happiness with making more money and living in a spacious house. 中间类 on the grounds that 以„„为理由去支持或者反对某事 1. support (支持) /oppose (反对)… 例句:Some oppose animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane (不人道的) 2. exert beneficial / detrimental / profound influence on sth. 对„„施加有益的/有害的/深远的影响 例句:In this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live, play and learn. 3. A prevail over (or outweigh / outbalance B) A 大于B 例句:The advantages of punishment for driving offenders prevail over its disadvantages. 4. A create (or bring about / generate / breed / engender / spawn/ induce) B A产生B这个结果 例句:Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic and cultural arenas (领域). 5. A is a key determinant of B A是B的决定因素 例句:In an individual’s career, tenacity (毅力) is a key determinant of success. 6. It is manifest that… (It is universally acknowledged that …../ Undeniably, ….) 显而易见 例句:It is manifest that globalization can bring numerous benefits to the lives of people in the Third-World countries. 7. It is standard practice for someone to do sth. 某人通常会做某事 例句:In contemporary China, it is standard practice for Chinese youths to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films. 8. A is best characterized by…. A最重要的特征是 例句:A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and penetrating observations. 9. A constitutes…. A构成„„ 例句:Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes cruel abuse (虐待) of animals. 10. someone would be well-advised to do sth. (=should) 某人应该做某事 例句:Parents would be well-advised if they spend more time with their offspring. 11. …., and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirms this 看起来是有足够的研究证明这个观点 例句:Teaching students in groups helps them grow into social, responsible individuals, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this. 12. in all likelihood 很可能 例句:In all likelihood, these decisions would be made by government officials who tend t have their own understanding of the problems. 13. This trend is not restricted to 这个现象不仅仅限于„„ 例句:This trend is not restricted to wealthy students who have the money to do this, but is also evident among poorer students. 14. tend to 多半 (是写作和口语代替most of 的好句型动词短语) 例句:Youngsters tend to be more impulsive and are likely to fall pray to misleading advertisements. 15. hinge on 取决于„„ 例句:Success of such efforts hinges on contribution from the authorities. 16. A reflect B 体现，反映 例句:Feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a wholes.(剑7例句) 17. The proportion of … is very high. „的比例很高。 例句:The proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high(剑7例句) 18. in this respect/regard 在这方面 例句:Positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. (剑7例句) 19. in some cases 在某些实例中 例句:In some cases an employee if working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. 20. is a frequent topic of discussion 是一再引起辩论的话题 例句:The comparative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion. 解决类，用来介绍solution解决方案 1. give priority to sth. 把„放在优先位置 例句:The government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resource. 2. dedicate A to B=spend A on B 把A花在B上 例句:The government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty. 3. be likely to fall prey to/be vulnerable to 容易成为„的受害者 例句:Without proper parental guidance， children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows。 4. sth. Should be condemned rather than condoned 某事应该被谴责而不是被宽恕 例句:Indiscriminate(盲目的)copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned rather than condoned (宽恕，原谅). 5. it is imperative /crucial /key/ essential that… (或者sth. is of paramount /overriding importance ) 至关重要 例句:To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture promptly (及时的). 6. sth. requires /necessitates / calls for … 需要…(如果主语是人可以用need, 如果主语是事情可以用这三个词表示“需要”) 例句:The severe (严重的) ecological (生态的) problem requires /necessitates /calls for joint (联合的) effort of all the nations on the globe. 7. distinguish between A and B 区分A和B 例句:Many youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong. 8. take … into consideration= take .. into account 把„„纳入考虑 例句:The circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. 9. is an important element of … 是„„的重要因素 例句:Job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. 10. are mutually exclusive (两者)并不互相排斥 例句:Good training and natural talent are not mutually exclusive. 填空练习 1. It is obvious that computers ______ (其重要作用) in high school classrooms these days. 2. Mobile phones ______ us to keep in touch with our friends and family members far away from us. 3. Preserving time-honored traditions ______ (对„„有益) the government and the local residents as well. 4. Many nations ______ (遭受) serious poverty, war and natural disasters in today’s world. 5. Telecommunications (通讯) technology has _____ our lives far more efficient and convenient than it used to be. st6. The human society _____ (面临) so many social problems that many are pessimistic about the 21 century. 7. Deforestation (砍伐森林) _______ (对„„构成威胁) the ecosystem and sustainable development. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 1. play a pivotal role 2. enable 3. is in the best interests of 4. are afflicted with 5. rendered 6. is confronted with 7. poses a threat to 选择填空 1. Modern cities _____ (deprive /have a duty to) residents of fresh air and a leisurely pace of life. 2. The serious population problem in many third-world countries ______ (can be attributed to / invests in) government neglect. 3. Pollution ______ (profits from /is the root cause of) the death of many elderly people in modern urban areas. 4. Many new immigrants have a hard time _____ (investing in / adapting to) the local way of life. 5. It is general recognised that governments should not advance technology ______(at the expense of / be inundated with) other fields such as ants and agriculture. 6. The demand that the government pay for healthcare and education is not completely ______ (confronted /unwarranted). _______ (It is in the best interests of / It is manifest that) the citizens also have a duty to save money for their lives after retirement. Key 1. deprive 2. can be attributed to 3. is the root cause of 4. adapting to 5. at the expense of 6. unwarranted 7. It is manifest that 翻译练习 1. 国际贸易不仅可以产生更多的就业机会，还可以给政府提供更多的税收。 2. 开始大学学习前工作或者旅行一年可以有效地开阔年轻人的眼界。 3. 显而易见，在当代社会里，很多人生活压力很大而且遭受严重心理问题的困扰。 4. 政府有责任资助艺术以便让艺术家不必为了钱去牺牲(compromise)自己的创造力。 5. 家长应该确保他们的后代有足够的时间放松身心。 6. 很多城市居民遭受严重压力的困扰，因为工作单位的竞争很激烈。 7. 家长的忽视对孩子的安全以及健康的身心发展都构成了严重威胁。 Key 1. International trade not only creates more employment opportunities, but also affords the government more tax revenue. 2. Working or traveling for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies can effectively broaden young people’s horizons. 3. It is obvious that in the present-day society many people lead a very stressful life and suffer from severe psychological problems. 4. The government has a duty to fund arts so that artists do not have to compromise their creativity for money. 5. Parents should make sure that their offspring have enough time to relax their bodies and ease their minds. 6. Many city residents suffer from severe stress because the competition in their workplace is very stiff. 7. Parental neglect is a serious threat to children’s safety and healthy physical and psychological growth. 1. give students/ citizens motivation to…给学生/公民动力去…… 2. narrow the gap between the wealthy and the impoverished 减少贫富差距 3. curb crimes 控制犯罪 4. allocate money to投资于… 5. promote the development of… 促进…的发展 6. It is obvious that…显而易见，… 7. play a key role in 起关键作用 8. enhance the efficiency of…提高效率 9. enrich one’s experience …丰富某人的经验 10. keep society safe and stable 保持社会稳定 11. have an obligation to do …有责任去… 12. afford people entertainment and pleasure 给人们提供娱乐 13. create employment opportunities 创造就业机会 14. put something in the first place = give priority to… 把…当成首要任务 15. is less time-consuming and more economical 省钱又省时间 16. broaden one’s horizons 开阔人的眼界 17. contribute to … 为…作贡献 18. fulfill one's potential 发挥......的潜力 消极方面 1. live a stressful life生活压力大 2. the competition is stiff 竞争激烈 3. impair people’s health 破坏人的健康 4. the population is booming 人口爆炸 5. restrict the development of 限制……的发展 6. lower the efficiency of… 降低……的效率 7. stem from 某事由…导致 8. suffer from 遭受 9. is a threat to… 对…构成威胁 10. have detrimental influence upon 对…产生有害的影响 11. cope with 解决，处理 12. take measures to … 采取措施… 13. There is a definite link between A and B A和B之间有密切的联系 14. is increasingly severe 越来越严重 15. is monotonous 单调的 16. create psychological problems 产生心理问题 写作 同(近)义词替换整理 1.important=essential, key, critical, pivotal, vital, crucial (extremely important), significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) sentence pattern: play an important/integral/indispensible role/part in 2.common=universal, popular, general, widespread, ubiquitous(if sth is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on sth tightly) 5.neglect=overlook, ignore(neglect means sb has not paid enough attention to sth; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if U seek sth, U try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit 11.competitor= adversary, contender, rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if U condemn sth, U say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=view, perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame= reputation, prestige(describe those who are admired) 15.build= establish, erect (U can erect sth as buildings, FORMAL) 16.insult=humiliate(do sth or say sth which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) 17.complain=grumble (complain sth in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary= fundamental, radical (very important and great in degree) 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means U make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 20.force= compel, coerces into(coerce means U make sb do sth he does not want to) 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make sth larger than it really is) 22.complex=intricate(if sth is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 23.lonely=solitary (if sb is solitary, there is no one near him/her) 24.small= minute, minuscule(very small) 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political) 26.hard-working=assiduous(sb who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly) 27.difficulty=handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, trouble, problem, dilemma, formidable(adj.), arduous (adj. if sth is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(sb who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.) 31.big=large, huge, great, enormous, immense, massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(U emphasize sth’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL) 32.avoid=shun(if sb shuns sth, s/he deliberately avoid that sth or keep away from it.) 33.fair=impartial(sb who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on sth.) 34.attack=assault (physically attack sb), assail (attack violently) 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means U hate sth to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much) 36.ruin=devastate (it means damage sth very badly, or utterly destroy it.) .always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always) 3940.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(will never change or be changed) 41.surprise=startle(surprise U slightly), astound(surprise U to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound) 42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm) 43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet) 44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be) 45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive) 46.boring=tedious(if U describe sth tedious, U mean it is boring and frustrating) 47.respect=esteem(if U esteem sb, U respect and admire him/her. FORMAL) 48.worry=fret(if U fret about sth, U worry about it) 49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold) 50.hot=boiling(very hot) 51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous), hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health) 52.nowadays=currently 53.only= distinctive, unique(the only one of its kind) 54.stop=cease(if sth ceases, it stops happening or existing) 55.part=component(the components of sth are the parts that it is made of) 56.result=outcome, consequence(the results or effects of sth) 57.obvious=apparent, manifest 58.quite=fairly 59.based on=derived from (can see or notice them very easily) 60.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing) 61.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest) 62.appear=emerge(come into existence) 63.whole=entire(the whole of sth) 64.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot) 65.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct) 66.change=convert(change into another form) 67.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of sth) 68.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible) 69.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability) 70.strange=eccentric(if sb is eccentric, he behaves in a strange way, or his opinion is different from most people) 71.rich=affluent(if U are affluent, U have a lot of money) 72.use= utilize (the same as use) 73.dubious=skeptical(if U are skeptical about sth, U have doubts on it.) 74.satisfy=gratify (if U are gratified by sth, it gives U pleasure and satisfaction) 75.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if sth is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 76.scholarship=fellowship 77.angry=enraged(extremely angry) 78.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell) 79.ugly=hideous(if sth is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive) 80.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(sth absorbing can attract U a great deal) 81.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) 82.disorder=disarray, chaos 83.crazily=frantically(used to describe sb who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way) 4.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe sb achieves success quickly) 885.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual) 86.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL) 7.best=optimal(used to describe the best level sth can achieve) 888.sharp=acute(severe and intense) 89.unbelievable=inconceivable(if U deem sth inconceivable, U think it very unlike to happen) 0.puzzle=perplex(sth perplex sb means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it) 991.method=avenue(away of getting sth done) 92.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) 93.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 94.decorate=embellish(embellish means make sth look more attractive via decorating it with sth else) 95.possible=feasible(if sth is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 96.so=consequently, accordingly 97.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often) 98.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish) 99.people=the public, individuals, citizens 100.the young=juvenile, youth 101.the old=the elderly, senior citizens, the aged 102.worldwide=all over the world, global, international, universal, widespread, cosmopolitan 103.feature=trait, attribute, characteristic, quality 104.cause=produce, generate, create, trigger, pose, engender 105.lack=shortage, inadequate, insufficient 106.adequate=sufficient, enough 107.standard=criterion(pl. criteria), bench mark 108.practical=feasible, workable, useable 109.solve=resolve, settle, tackle, handle, figure out, work out, deal with, cope with 110.use=utilize, employ, exploit, harness 111.support=sponsor, bake up, subsidize, finance 112.improve=promote, enhance, strengthen, facilitate, boost(n. boom) 113.change=shift, alter, transform, convert 114.emphsize=stress, underline, underscore, highlight(highlight sth; sth has been in highlight) sentence pattern: draw attention to; lay emphasis on sth 115.eliminate=get rid of, eradicate 116.harm=destroy, injure, damage, hurt, wound, impair 117.give=offer, provide, supply, render, impart 118.develop=foster, cultivate, nurture, advance, evolve, grow, improve, flourish, progress 119.advantage=benefit, beauty, virtue, merit, upside, strength 120.disadvantage=demerit, downside, drawback, weakness 121.demand=need, call for, require, request, claim, order 122.decline=decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, fall, dwindle, cut, curtail, halve, lessen, moderate, slump, impair, depression, degeneration, recession 123.climb=go up, soar, increase, rise, grow 124.unavoidable=necessary, inevitable, inescapable 125.destined=fated, doomed 126.recent=present, current, now, today, nowadays, modern, up-to-date, contemporary 127.significance=importance, millstone, gist, implication, point 128.conventional=traditional, historical, accepted, ordinary, regular, common, routine, mainstream 129.depend on=rely on, count on 130.find=discover, expose, observe, spot, recognize, encounter 131. early=old, ancient, past, primitive, previous, remote 132.level off=remain stable, stabilize, stay at the same level 133.abruptly=massively, drastically, dramatically, considerably 134.markedly=significantly, steeply, sharply, precipitously 135.sightly=slowly, gradually, moderately, steadily 136.25%=a quarter 137.33%=one third 138.percentage=proportion 139.make up=constitute, occupy, account for, take up, allocate, consume(eg. Consume the largest part of sth) 140.obivious=clear, apparent 写作36个基础句型 前进类(用来论证advantage好的方面) 1.benefit from从„当中获益 例句:People who look for information can benefit from the amazing development of the Internet. 2.invest in对„投资 例句:The medical facilities in the rural area are still not very developed;therefore，the government should invest more money in these facilities. 3.promote the development of… 促进„的发展 例句:The widespread use of English has promoted the development of English training schools in China. 4.It is obvious that…显而易见 it is more entertaining. 例句:It is obvious that a DVD can hold more information than a book. More importantly， 5.paly a key role in在„中起关键作用 例句:One’s job and age play a key role in deciding what one wears. 6.enrich one’s experience… 丰富„的经历 例句:Working for a period before going to university can greatly enrich students’ experience and make them more capable in university. 7.keep society safe and stable保持社会稳定 例句:Harmony can keep society safe and stable while clashes make a country unlivable. 8.relax their bodies and ease their minds让人放松身心 例句:Even though on holiday students spend less time studying，holidays relax students’ bodies and ease their minds. 9.have duty to do… 有责任做„ 例句:National sports teams represent(代表)their country;therefore，the government has a duty to invest in these teams. 10.afford people entertainment and pleasure给人们提供娱乐 例句:Overall，computer games afford people more entertainment and pleasure than trouble. 11.create employment opportunities创造就业机会 例句:International business can create employment opportunities. On the other hand，it may damage cultural heritage of a nation. 12.less time-consuming and more economical让人省钱省时间 例句:Advertising makes our shopping experience less time-consuming and more economical. 13.broaden one’s horizons=expand one’s outlook开阔人的眼界 例句:Not only can traveling expand one’s outlook, it can relax one’s body and soul as well. 14.fulfill one’s potential发挥人的潜力 例句:Working under pressure can help employees fulfill their potential. 15.remove the barrier for为„消除障碍 例句:Machine translation has removed the barrier for people who do not speak the same language. 16.promote the cultural communication and interaction between…and… 促进„和„之间的文化交流 例句:Multi-cultured societies promote the cultural communication and interaction between different ethnic groups(民族) 17.curb the proliferation of… 控制„的扩散 例句:The government should take immediate(及时的)measures to curb the proliferation of pollution. 18.raise people’s awareness of…提高人们的意识 例句:The media should raise the public awareness of the significance of preserving the ecosystem. 19.has the inherent advantage of 有„的内在优势 例句:Teaching students in groups has the inherent advantage of helping schools to use their equipment and facilities more efficiently. 倒退类(用来论证disadvantage负面的方面) 1.live a stressful life 生活压力大 例句:It seems that the people in developing countries live a more stressful life than the people in industrial countries. 2.lead to crimes 导致犯罪 例句:The widespread violence and pornography on TV often lead to youngsters’ crimes. 3.the competition is stiff竞争激烈 例句:The competition in modern society is increasingly stiff，which makes many people cold and cruel. 4.avoid…避免„ 例句:To avoid making mistakes，we should be very careful in answering IELTS questions. 5.suffer from遭受„ 例句:Nowadays，many citizens of Beijing suffer from mental illnesses because the competition is very stiff. 6.stem from 起源于„ 例句:Generally speaking，children’s bad behavior stems from imitating their parents’. 7.is a threat to… 对„构成威胁 例句:In terms of employment opportunities，WTO is a threat to many Chinese automakers. 8.have detrimental influence upon对„有坏的影响 例句:Obviously，long-distance flights have detrimental influence upon the environment. 9.be monotonous and unmotivating单调而且无法给人动力的 例句:Many students find the schooling in traditional schools be monotonous and unmotivating. 10.cope with=deal with解决 例句:The governments must take measures to cope with serious terrorism worldwide. 11.There is a definite link between A and B在A和B之间有密切联系 例句:There is a definite link between the adult crime rate and the crime rate of youngsters. 12.spin out of control失去控制 例句:The situation in the Middle East is spinning out of any control. 13.create tension and conflicts between…在„和„之间产生紧张和冲突 例句:Cultural differences between the tourists and local residents(居民)may create tension and conflicts between them. 14.be overly dependent on… 对某事过度依赖 例句:Technology has successfully made many individuals overly dependent on it. 15.stifle creativity 扼杀创造力 例句:The traditional education in some Asian countries seriously stifles creativity. 16.the population is booming人口在激增 例句:without effective control，the population boom will result in the lack of resources. 17.is incompatible with 与„不协调 例句:Modern designs often turn out to be incompatible with their surroundings. 1 传授知识 impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观 instill(vt.) high moral values (注意values复数表示价值观) 给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth. Motivate the students to do sth. 给学生以灵感 stimulate the students’ thought give the students inspiration 培养,某种素质, cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.) 促进学生身心的发展 promote the student’s physcial/mental/ intellectual and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs) 塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt) one’s character 责任感 a sense of obligation 能力(先天获得) aptitude/talant 能力,后天学习得到, ability/skill 2 学生接受的学校教育,n, schooling(n) 儿童接受的家庭教育,n, upbringing(n) parenting(n) 教学法 methodology/pedagogical methodology 用填鸭式教学来教育学生 force-feed(vt.) the students 学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器 Students should not be treated as passive recepacles of predigested ideas 死记硬背 learn things by rote 为了记忆而记忆 memorise(BrE) for memorisation’s own sake 以及方程式～公式～定理～定律 memorise(vt.) equations,formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用 apply 盲从 follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs) 限制创造力的发展 extiguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性 dampen/sap(vts) the students’ emthusiasm/ frustrate the students 产生不必要的压力 beget/creat undue pressure 3 把学生分开教育,如根据课堂上的表现,segregate(vt.) students 来自于其他同学的压力 peer pressure 适应,v, adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth. 适应能力 adaptability 逆境 adverse circumstances/adversity 团队精神 team spirit(n) 独立思考 thing independently(adv) 在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈 students’ feedback/input 学生评价老师的教学 students appraise/evaluate(vts) their teachers’ performance 学生对老师所教知识的掌握 students’ grasp/command(n) of what has been taught 4 学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为 curriculum(n) 具体一门课叫 syllabus 课外活动叫 extra-curricular activities 学校是社会的缩影 a school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(n) indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n) 不遵守纪律(adj)的学生 disruptive/unruly students 5 理论知识 theoretical knowledge 就业技能 employable/marketable skills 通才 generalist 专才 specialist 全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile(adj) 为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n)/welfare(n) 6 大学学科的分类可以分为 人文学科,文学 ～历史 语言学等,humanities 社会学科,政治 经济学 社会学的, social sciences 艺术,音乐 雕塑等, arts 文科也可以总称为 liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科,物理 化学 生物学等, sciences 工科,工程 自动化等, engineering 大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫 discipline 基础科学 basic sciences 应用科学 applied sciences 小学教育 primary-level education 中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-level education 职业教育 vocational education/training 青少年,复数, youths/youngsters/adolescents Technology 1 生物技术 biotechnology 克隆 cloning (n) clone(v) 远程通讯 telecommunications(n) 尖端的技术 cutting-edge(adj) technology 信息爆炸 information exposion/overload 信息时代 the information age/era 互联网被广泛的应用 the proliferation(n) of the Internet 太空探索,n, space exploration 一个人的基因构成 one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming 2 科技创新与发展 technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n) 提高效率 augment/enhance/boost(vts) efficiency 提高生产效率 augment/enhance/boots productivity 减少人力的机器,计算机发明之前的技术, labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器,计算机发明之后的技术, labor-replacing machinery 自动化 automation(n)/ automated(adj) 3 彻底变革 transform/revolutionise(vts)/ fundamentally change sth. 以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate 如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展～只要把unprecedented改成astonishing 如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展 sth is advancing by leaps and bounds 产生深远的影响 create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/prevasive(adj) influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n) Media 1 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy 破坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts) one’s reputation 狗仔队 paparazzi(复数名词 不再加s) 新闻界 the press 印刷媒体,如报纸 杂志, the print media 报道新闻的机构 news outlets 电子媒体 the electronic media 名人 a celebrity/celebrities(plu) 时事 current affairs 丑闻 scandals 无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj) 2 审查 censor(vt) 删除 delete/elimminate/excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs) contents 报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. In graphic detail 媒体炒作,n, media hype 有误导性的 misleading/misreprsented/distorted(adjs) 诈骗性的 fraudulent(adj) 虚假的 false/bogus(adjs) 夸大事实 exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalise(vt) things/blow things out of all proportions(最后一个比较口语 用作文也可以) 充斥着 be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth. 掩盖,丑闻或罪行等, cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客观的～不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective(adjs) 3 如实的报道 factual accounts(n) 可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 客观公正的 objective and balanced(adjs) 及时的 up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj)前者比后者更加及时 信息量大的 informative 娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj) 有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj) scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt) 监督 揭露 expose/reveal(vts) 道德准则,n, code of ethics/code of conduct Government 1 当局 authorities(n) 老百姓 citizens/the citizenry 规范～管理 regulate/administer/overse(vts) 实施 implement(vt) 立法 legislate(vi)/make laws 民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government 严禁(v) strictly prohibit/ban altogether 严格的法律 stringent laws/legislation 规章 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 rules and regulations 2 为。。。拨款 allocate monety to sth./subsidise(vt)/be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth. 预算 budget 税收 tax revenue(n) 政府在某方面的开支,n, 他和government spending/expenditure on sth. 削减,v, curtail(vt) 增加 augment(vt) 当务之急,n, priority 把。。。当成当务之急 give priority to sth. 责任,n, responsibility/obligation 人道主义救援 humanitrian(adj) aid (n) 管理 administer/regulate 2 军备竞赛 arms race(n) 自卫 self-defence(BrE,n) 国土安全 expansion/aggression(n) 谋求霸权 seek/pursue(vts) hegemony(n) 恶性循环 a vicious circle(n) 地区不稳定因素 destablising factors 太空竞赛 space race(n) 武器 weapons/arms/armaments(n) 下岗工人 laid-off workers/downsized workers 失业,n, unemployment/joblessness 3 基础设施 infrastructure比如 公共交通系统 public transport system(BrE) 电网 power grid 石油和天然气管道 pinelines 给排水系统 water supply and drainage system Language & Culture 1 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language 英语被广泛使用 the proliferation(n) of English 英语的统治地位 the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English 方言 dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language 小语种将会消亡 lesser-known language wll become extinct/obsolete(adjs) 小语种的消亡,n, the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages 2 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种 有形的如历史遗址～无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等 cultural hertiage can be divided into two groups:tangible cultural hertiage,such as historic sites and intangible cultural hertiage,such as customs,rites,rituals and mores, etc. 保护 preserve (vt) 祖先 forefathers/ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词 3 少数民族 ethnic minorities 民族团结 the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis(n) 互相影响 interaction 文化多元性 cultural diversity 丰富,v, enrich(vt) 狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs) mentality 贬低,v, deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts) the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts) 。。。不是一成不变的 sth. is not set/carved in stone Development 1 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳 fatigue(n) 抑郁症 depression 失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n) 导致人与人之间疏远 create,vt,alienation(n) between people 过于功利的 materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs) 追求最大限度利润 pursue(vt) maximum profit 交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock最后一个是不可数名词 阻碍(v) impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs) 危害～破坏,v, undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE)都是vts 危害～破坏,n,harm/damage/destruction/devastation 恶化,v, worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi) 导致某种问题更加恶化 amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/ecacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a problem 缓解 ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts) 2 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value,注意审美观的说法是aesthetic values复数, 有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic significance 居民 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape 破旧的,房子, decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs) 拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building 高楼 high-rise buildings 摩天楼 skyscrapers 城市化 unbanisation(n) 城乡差距 the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural 搬迁 relocate(vi,vt) 3 在家上班,v, telecommute(vi) 休闲 leisure/recreation(n0 精神上的享受,n, amusement and enjoyment(n) 娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理(n) laissez-faire management(n) 运营成本,n, operating costs/overhead cost 雇用,v, recruit(vt) 会导致效率降低的,adj, counterproductive 劳动力资源 labour(BrE) pool 4 人口爆炸 population explosion(n)/population boom 控制人口 birth control/family planning 贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitude/indigent 富裕的 affluent/wealthy/well-off 爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ostentatious(adjs) 缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary(adj) lifestyle 营养过剩 overnourishment(n) 扶贫 poverty alleviation(n) Globalistaion ,国家或者地区的,文化特性 (national or regional) cultural identity 全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失) global cultural homogenization(n) 文化同一性,或叫文化均质性, cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑 Globalisation is a two-edged sword 地球村 the global village 席卷一切的潮流 sweeping trends 有机结合东西方文化 synthesize the Asian and Western culture 侵蚀 erode(v) 普遍的 universal(adj) Women & Families 1 两性平等 gender equality 性别歧视 sexism/gender discrimination 一个开明的社会 a progressive/enlightened society 2 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(n) 抚养孩子 child rearing(n) 母性的本能 maternal instinct 家务 housework/household chores 抚养子女的方式 parenting 代沟 generation gap/disparity 性格冲突 personality clashes 3 老年人 elderly people/senior citizens 青少年 adolescents/youngsters 家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/family ties 归属感 a sense of belonging 对。。。依恋,n, an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth 贫穷的家庭 deprived family 富裕的家庭 affluent families 家庭的培养 upbringing 4 虐待 mistreat/abuse(vts) 家庭暴力 domestic violence 毒品上瘾(n) addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs) to drugs 单亲家庭 single-parent households 濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭 broken families/dysfunctional households 挽救 salvage(vt) Tourism 1 旅游景点 tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest 开阔眼界 push back/expand one’s vision/horizons 游客与当地人的互动 tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流 promote cultural communication 吸引 draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验(n) first-hand experience 多种感官体验的,如听觉～触觉等, multi-sensory(adj) 相互了解 mutual understanding 2 把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals 商业化 commercialise/commodity(vts) 欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 冲突 conflict(n,vi+with) 争端(n) discord/dissension 间接体验,如通过电视或互联网n, srcond-hand experience/vicarience experience 文化遗产 cultural heritage 互联网不会让旅游业过时 the Internet will not render tourism obsolete Environment 1 生态系统 ecosystem/ecological system 某一地区所有植物的总称 the flora(n) 某一地区所有动物的总称 the fauna(n) 某一地区所有生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna) of a region 生物多样性 biodiversity(n) 生态平衡 ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n) 2 可持续发展 sustainable development 环保主义者 environmentalist/conservationists 对环境无害的 environmentally-frendly(adj) 节约使用 conserve(vt) 保护 preserve 再利用 reuse/recycle 3 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil 耕地,n, arable land/farmland 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 开采自然资源 exploit natural resources 4 短缺,n, shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack 5 消耗,某种资源, consume/deplete(vts) 用尽,某种资源, use up/exhaust(vts) 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resources 破坏自然资源 wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources 臭氧层 ozone layer 砍伐森林 deforestation(n) 污染 pollute/contaminate(vts) 有毒的 poisonous/toxic(adjs) 污水 effluent/sewage 排放 discharge 温室效应 greenhouse effect/global warming 严重的 severe/grave/grievous(adjs) 白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or breakdown/inorganic trash 恶化 deteriorate/aggravate前者为自身恶化～后者为被恶化 6 可再生资源 renewable resources 不可再生资源 non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels) 7 各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/makes a concerted effort/unite(vi) to combat/tackle/resolve/address(vts) environmental problems 谴责而不是纵容 condermn rather than condone(vts) sth 严厉的措施 harsh action/measures 增强公众关于。。。的意识 raise/elevate the public awareness of sth Crime 触犯法律 break/violate/flout/disobey the law 犯罪 commit a crime 罪行 offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts 罪犯 criminal/offender/culprit.perpetrator 从犯 accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人 受害者 victim(n) 心理创伤 trauma(n) 曾横社会 resent society/hold a grudge against society 囚犯 inmate/convicts(n) 牢房 cell 监禁(v) imprison/incarcerate(vts) someone 教育罪犯 educate/edify(vts) criminals 宽容的 lenient(adj) 改造罪犯 reform/rehabilitate criminals 执法部门 law enforcement agencies 重罪 heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n) 轻罪 petty crime/misdemeanour(BrE) 初犯的人 first-time offender 惯犯 hardened criminals/repeat criminals 遏制猖獗的犯罪 curb/halt/check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes 再次犯罪(v) revert(vi) to crime 再次犯罪(n) recidivism 守法的公民 law-abiding citizens 遵守法律 abide by/comply with the law 无视…(v) disregard 给某人造成心理创伤 traumatise(vt) someone 抓捕 track dowm/hunt down/capture(vt) 有预谋的犯罪 premeditated crime 犯罪倾向(n) criminal tendency Animal 动物实验 animal experiments 被绳之以法 be brought to justice 动物权益保护主义 animal rights activists 医学研究 medical research 残忍的 cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs) 活体揭破 vivisection 麻醉 anaesthetic(BrE,n) 减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ease(vts) animals’ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are conpanions of their masters 给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort(n) 偷猎 poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n) 某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s) for sth 认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism 濒危动物 endangered species 大作文替换方式合集 a thing that is rare strong belief a rarity 名词 faith (in) things that people are not sure about aim uncertainties things that one tries hard to do intention one's undertakings / one's commitments a world language worries a universal language the fact is that... anxieties the reality is that... friends influence companions joy impact / repercussion / implication happiness / delight / enjoyment relaxation influence on each other recreation sadness mutual influence sorrow / grief self-respect many different kinds of... self-esteem and dignity danger a variety of... / a wide array of... / a wide hazard / peril 后面这个词语语气很强 range of... respect sb. / sth. hold sb. / sth. in high regard education wrong ideas held by many people schooling / upbringing (从孩子角度上讲例misconceptions look down on... 如children's upbringing) / parenting (从家 treat...with contempt = despise 长角度上讲) range spectrum self-control advertisement / advertising self-disciline commercials / flyers / billboards / sense non-profit advertisements = public-interest recognition criminal advertisements convict part car component prisoner automobile inmate wise famous people sensible (adj.) people who walk on the street celebrities pedestrians gap human beings disparity old generations in history humanity / the human race ancestors a system for a particular purpose wealth a mechanism for... a person who benefits from sth. fortunes，财富 a beneficiary of sth. a solution to sth rich a remedy for sth a disease that spreads quickly wealthy / affluent (adj.) en epidemic bad students skill unruly students / disruptive students a very unpleasant way of life technique misery bad behavior skilled unethical behavior / immoral behavior emotion adept / adroit (adj.) sentiment organizations that help poor people method charities / charitable organizations narrow minds methodology insular minds difference understanding of distinction the way to do sth grasp of / command of the approach to doing sth. be different from choice be distinct from hobby option pastime / diversion person cooperation individual progress collaboration progression (抽象的进步，比如society / personality career / technology的话题) basic structure in a city or a country disposition infrastructure failure the rate of... setback tiredness for a long time the incidence of... fatigue importance cultural globalization significance is a must for global cultural homogenization is a prerequisite for 是...的必备先决条件 labor a thing that is necessary manual labor honesty a necessity integrity pressure from other students a thing that is new and interesting peer pressure the internet a novelty the information hghway citizens who can work labor force / workforce profound，后面经常跟wisdom / truths / wholesome，注意说人的健康还是用 understanding / impact / thoughts healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可problems or diseases that exist for a long 以用wholesome。 time weak persistent problems / chronic diseases vulnerable good for the environment eco-friendly do not exercise often many a sedentary lifestyle numerous，注意要跟可数名词 nervous / anxious ~apprehensive result complicated consequence (表示消极的结果多一些) intricate doubt sth be skeptical about sth thoughts cannot be turned back considerations be irreversible fair ~justified difficulty produce useful results hindrance / impediment / hurdles productive unfair ~unwarranted / unjustifiable the lack of knowledge practical ignorance realistic huge enormous / massive / vast / colossal harm (n.) mature adverse effect sophisticated，这个词指人的时候意思是思have many different abilities 维成熟老练的 be versatile / be well-rounded harm (vt.) damage; destroy / ruin; spoil，后跟the selfish be familiar with cityscape / scenery / environment;self-centered / materialistic be well-acquainted with undermine，后跟stability / social order / harmony;jeopardise，后跟抽象概念，比suitable proper 如one's future / one's career;tarnish，后跟fitting appropriate one's reputation /image;sap / dampen，后 跟one's enthusiasm / interest / confidence lonely ugly isolated / alienated unsightly harmful detrimental be easily influenced by sth the present be susceptible to sth. 一般是坏事情，比如 the current / the existing / the existing be harmful to a disease / attacks environmental pose a threat to is better than outdated bad luck is superior to antiquated / obsolete misfortune not as good as spend a lot of money trouble in inferior to lead an extravagant life adversity / dilemma / predicament / hardship be the same open be identical / be homogenous /be uniform，enlightened / progressive，经常用来形容crime 后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultural government或者society offence / criminal act globalisation的时候常用 sth. must be carried out shortage (of) interesting sth. is compulsory / sth. is mandatory scarcity (of) / dearth (of) ~stimulating with long history the only one boring time-honored an exception ~monotonous / repetitive continuing forever serious crime useless perpetual heinous crime / felony redundant important places where animals live smart significant / essential / vital habitat intelligent be qualified for 形容词 famous be eligible for renowned be good (for) disappointing be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests positive frustrating (of) ~desirable / encouraging being spread in an uncontrolled way worrying can be used rampant，后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime, disturbing be available pollution或者discrimination very popular hard to understand cruel prevalent / ubiquitous bewildering / baffling / confusing ~inhumane / merciless true (laws / rules / people) not strict fat genuine lenient overweight / obese，后面这个表示已经胖 出病了 deep healthy having wrong opinions skewed / biased do not do sth. be unhappy about refrain from doing sth. complain about / be discontented with including many things comprehensive carry out ask for implement request enough adequate / sufficient / ample / abundant，四make a crime look like sth. 个词的语气逐渐递增 resemble sth. commit a crime too much treat...poorly commit a crime again excessive revert to crime，这里的crime作不可数名mistreat... / abuse.... 词 very little consider sth. valuable minimal，不是minimum value sth. / treasure sth. / cherish sth. punish penalise cause bad effects keep counterproductive punishment ~maintain / preserve penalty strict mix...together stringent，后面一般跟laws，measures或spread blend / combine / synthesise 者rules propagate / disseminate，这个词后面经常 跟information / ideas / belief solve urgent tackle / combat / address pressing (problems) develop fast flourish / thrive notice 动词 discern develop(培养) make sth. strong cultivate / foster / nurture achieve strengthen / fortify / reinforce / consolidate fulfill sth. fast-developing burgeoning appear in large numbers make sth. weak sprout up / mushroom weaken / erode accept adopt make...less serious make sth. better relieve / ease / alleviate，relieve stress / enhance / better，学术写作中better sth.是teach sth. alleviate poverty / ease the traffic 常见表达 ~impart sth / inculcate sth congestion make sth. worse pay...for (one's loss) aggravate / exacerbate sth. support compensate...for... ~buttress / bolster control...(a negative trend) pay...for ( one's effort ) curb...(crime / pollution / economic prove / confirm reward...for... recessions) verify make sth. faster manage sth create accelerate sth. / speed up sth. ~regulate sth. / oversee sth. generate，一般是大规模的产生，比如 generate employment opportunities / join appear generate tax revenue / electricity;breed，participate in emerge / arise 一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict / crime / resentment;spawn，一般是产生新outweigh die out 事物，比如spawn inventions / innovations prevail over go extinct use contribute to fail to see ~utilise / exploit promote / facilitate neglect / overlook use...again prevent the development of... set...free recycle hinder / impede / inhibit / obstruct... release (prisoners / stress) get find out begin ~acquire，acquire / gain knowledge比learn ~identify commence / initiate knowledge在地道英文中更常见 encourage sb. to... narrow / bridge the gap between A and B consider ~motivate sb. to... 反义，widen the gap between A and B contemplate / reflect on / ponder hate be forced to do sth provide sth. resent / hold a grudge against be compelled to do sth afford sth. limit try to do sth need restrict / constrain pursue sth. (one's goal / one's career / require，主语是人，一般用need，如果是 business interests / maximum profit / 事物，用require avoid hegemony) ~bypass like sth. very much do sth. ~have an affinity for sth. / have a strong is not limited to... perform /conduct attachment to sth. is not restricted to... / is not confined to... do one's best to do sth. go astray decide commit oneself to doing sth. / strive to do determine sth. / do one's utmost to do sth. / spare no spend too much time on effort to do sth. be addicted to / be preoccupied with / be move to... obsessed with，这三个词词组的语气越来relocate to.../have been relocated to... use up 越强 exhaust ( energy / resources ) / stretch come from... ( resources ) to the limit prepare for... originate from / in... pave the way for... / lay the groundwork report the details of sth. for... / lay a solid foundation for... improve report sth. in graphic detail boost / enhance break the balance prevent sb. from focusing on... upset the balance waste distract sb. from... use...lavishly balance A and B spend A on B strike a balance between A and B reduce ~dedicate A to B curtail / diminish，前者多用于政府投资类 catch 话题，后者多用于文化类或者发展类中的use too much... capture 抽象话题 stretch...to the limit / put a strain on.... think of...as increase pour reard...as / view...as / perceive...as augment，多用于政府投资类话题 discharge get rid of help get used to eliminate / remove assist get accustomed to get rid of help (n.) die out abolish(多用于政府类话题，废除) assistance go extinct make...higher set up continue to exist drive up，后面经常跟the crime rate / establish persist，在雅思作文中经常用来指某种坏unemployment rate 现象长期存在 try to do sth. 副词 attempt to do sth come with... be attended by / be accompanied by... mainly try hard to do sth. primarily / principally / chiefly make a strenuous / an arduous / a broaden one's horizons painstaking effort to do sth. expand one's outlook / enlarge one's vision in the old days, ... traditionally, ... / historically, ... change break the law alter violate the law now ~currently change...a lot pub sb. in prison fundamentally change.../ radically change.../ incarcerate sb. actually, ... transform ~technically, ...严格来说它的意思并不是 make laws against “事实上”，但在学术中它是一个表示“精solve legislate gainst... 确地说”非常棒的词汇 address / combat，后者剑桥常用的“解决” 之一 law very soon legislation immediately correct (vt.) rectify (a mistake) make sth. active not often at all stimulate，后面经常跟imagination / rarely take down creativity / interest demolish / rase ，后者谈到拆老建筑时常 completely 用 make one’s dream come true entirely fulfill one’s potential / attain one’s goal obey do sth. without careful thought abide by / comply with / conform to，后者lead to change in do sth. impulsively 后常跟 the law / rules / regulations act as a catalyst for change in„ blindly ban deal with the need indiscriminately，不加选择的 / ban...altogether / strictly prohibit meet the demand / satisfy the need mechanically，机械的 criticise take„away from sb. 短语或句型 condemn / denounce deprive sb. Of„(省略号中可以填入 freedom / leisure time / the right to 等值得only depend on 拥有的内容) ~merely，注意只有only做副词的时候才hinge on = be contingent on，取决于...... 可以替换 give sb. the ability to depend on enable sb. to a little / a bit rely on，依靠...... somewhat，注意只有a little / a bit后面跟 get a clear idea of 形容词的时候才可以这样替换 deal with get a clear perspective of cope with about be lost regarding / concerning / with respect to / with regard to be akin to ...，学术写作中相当常见的句型 considerably / substantially / significantly higher a few A is as ... as B a handful of，请注意仅指少数时a couple B is ... A is equally ... a little higher of 容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化 marginally higher / slightly higher / it is impossible that ... fractionally higher although..., the real situation is... it is highly unlikely that... hypothetically, ... / theoretically, ... / in take up theroy / ideally, ... A has made B +adj. /n. account for / represent / constitute / A has rendered B + adj. / n. occupy，后面经常跟百分数 most young people young people tend to ... = young people A has made B do sth. the rest of ... typically ...，tend to和typically都是表示A has prompted / impelled B to do sth. the remainder / the remaining ... 某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达 sth. does not always remain the same. two thime needs to be changed sht. is not carved in stone twice as many (or much) as / double is crying out for reform a high percentage of ... three times be punished by the law the proportion of ... is very high threefold be brought to justice the cause of ... is ... finally do sth. together can be attributed to / can be ascribed to...，eventually，表示时间上的最后，逻辑上的make a concerted effort to do sth. 可以归因于 最后仍然要用finally或者lastly it is common for sb. to ... no matter in an opposite way it is standard practice for sb. to ... regardless of / irrespective of，注意no conversely，经常用在句首，引出一种和 matter后面一般跟从句，而regardless of前面一句的描述正相反的情况 is based on ... 和irrespective of后面多数时候跟名词或 is predicated on ... 名词短语 compared with ..., ... By contrast, ... / In contrast, ... / In have no choice but to ... talking about ... / speaking of comparison with ..., ... / By comparison have no option but to ... / have no in terms of，经常用来限制一个命题的适with ..., ... alternative but to ... 用范围 just like ..., ... be worth the effort 小作文替换方式合集 Similarly, ... / Likewise, ... be worthwhile on the whole clearly and so on overall it is noticeable that ... etc. in these 25 years the data of (another group) is closely connected with ... during this 25-year period the corresponding data / the data of their is intrinsically linked to .... counterparts about / around through approximately reach the highest point at by way of peak at ... decrease because of decline / dwindle，逐渐缓慢的减少 / dip / reach... due to / owing to，雅思作文中这两个词组slip /短促的下降 amount to，后面跟具体数字 后面一般是跟负面含义的名词 increase A will... in this aspect show an upward trend，反义，show a A is expected / projected to ... in this regard / in this respect downward trend group despite / in spite of go up and down category notwithstanding，都不能跟从句，只能跟fluctuate 名词或名词短语 always experience consistently / continuously / ~ invariably in fact undergo / witness，后面跟上升、下降或者 as a matter of fact ~ in essence / essentially fluctuation的趋势 Then, From this point onwards, besides become more than apart from exceed / surpass / overtake huge massive it is obvious that ... grow fast it is evident that ... grow dramatically / soar / rocket kind of relatively sth. stops. fall fast sth. comes to a standstill. fall drastically / plunge / plummet We can see that... be similar to ... much higher We can discern that..... Education 1 “A child miseducated is a child lost." - -John F. Kennedy 2 "Education isnot the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire." -- W. B. Yeats 3 “Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, The teacher is the most important." --- Bill Gates. 4 “Educating the mind without educating the heart in no education at all.”-Aristotle 5 “The solution to adult problems tomorrow depends in large measure upon how our children grow up today.” ---Margaret Mead Technology 6“ The greatest danger in modern technology is not that machines begin to think like people, but that people will begin to think like machines.” ―― Albert Einstein 7“As we go forward, I hope we're going to continue to use technology to make really big differences in how people live and work." ---Sergey Brin Media 8“He who controls the media, controls the mind. “---Rupert Murdock Government 9“Millions of individuals making their own decisions in the marketplace will always allocate resources better than any centralized government." – Ronald Reagan Tourism 10“The world is a book, and those who do not travel, read only a page.”- Saint Augustine Women and Families 11“The bond that links your true family is not one of blood, but of respect and joy in each other’s life.” --- Richard Bach Language 12“To possess a second language is to possess a second soul.” –Charlemagne Culture 13“Culture means the widening of the mind and of the spirit.” – Ruth Benedict Globalization 14“ Globalization is not something that we can hold off or turn off. It is the economic equivalent of a force of nature—like wind or water.” ---Bill Clinton Crime 15“He who does not prevent a crime when he can encourages it. “ --- Roman philosopher Seneca Animals 16. The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. ----Gandhi Environment 17“Many anthropogenic activities foul the air, contaminate the water and devastate the forests.” --- quoted in Newsweek 18“Don’t blow it -- good planets are hard to find.” quoted in Time magazine 议论文6分必备136个词汇分类讲解: interesting) Education: parenting n. 家长对小孩的教育 Media schooling n. 学校对学生的教育 prevalant adj. 无处不在的，经常可代替everywhere cultivate vt. 培养 objective adj. 客观的 awareness = sense n. 意识 biased adj. 不客观的 creative 、original adj. 有创造力的 celebrity n. 名人 physical adj. 身体的 journalists n. 记者 psychological adj. 心理的 the press 出版社 peer n. 同龄人 covverage n. 报道 cover v. 报道 motivation n. 动力 misleading n. 误导的 motivatied adj. 有动力的 dependable adj. 可靠的 adapt to 适应…… up-to-the-minute adj. 非常及时的 discipline n. 学科，纪律 sway vt. 媒体影响公众 经常sway+宾语 memorise v. 记忆 informativ3 adj. 信息量大的 acquire vt. 获得(后面经常跟knowledge/skills) entertaining adj. 娱乐性强的 stimulating adj. 有趣的(在教育类作文中经常可以代替 Technology globalisation transform vt. 改变，代替change sweeping trends 席卷一切的潮流 breakthrough n. 突破 synthesise the Asian and the Western cultures 有机结合东西方 advance v. / n. 发展 文化 a staggering rate 惊人的速度 erode vt. 侵蚀(本土文化) information overload 信息爆炸 universal adj. 普遍的 enhance = boost vt. 提高，增强 isolated adj. 孤立的 innovations n. 创新，发明 import vt./ n. 进口的 telecommunications n. 远程通信 export vt/n 出口的 productive adj. 高产率的 productivity n. Women domestic violence 家庭暴力 Government gender equality 性别平等 priority n. 首要任务 discrimination n. 歧视 discriminition against stability n. 稳定 an enlighted society 一个开明的社会 establish vt. 建立 household chores 家务事 solve = combat = tackle = resolve =address vt. 解决 be tied down by 被…所拖累 alleviate = ease 减轻，缓解 invest in = allocate money to 对…投资 Family the authorities 当局 offspring n. 后代 ban = forbid= prohibit vt. 禁止 personality clashes 性格冲突 scrutinise / monitor vt. 监督 household n. 家庭的另一种写法 administer = regulate vt. 管理 affluent adj.富裕的 tax revenue 税收 impoverished adj. 贫穷的 democratic adj. 民主的 community n. 社区 family values 家庭观念 demand vt/n. 需求 efficient adj. 高效率的 generation gap 代购 family bonds 亲情 harmony n. 和谐 Tourism broaden one’s horizons/expand one’s outlook 开阔人的眼界 conflicts n. 冲突 Crime explore vt. 探索 crimes = offence = criminal acts n. 犯罪 promote vt. 促进 反义词:ristrict 阻碍，限制 commit a crime 犯罪(动词短语) tourist attraction 旅游点 stringent adj. 严厉的 local residents = local inhabitants 当地居民 punishment / penalty n. 惩罚 mutual understanding 相互了解 the crime rate = the incidence of crime 犯罪率 enrich one’s experience 丰富人的经历 rampant adj. 猖獗的 violate the law 违法 Languages restrict vt. 限制(自由等) the proliferation of ……的大量扩散(比如英语，互联网，环 impulsive adj. 冲动的 境污染等 consequence n. 后果 plays a dominant role in … 在……占统治地位 circumstance n. 处境，状况 go extinct 灭绝 reform /rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯 lesser-known languages 小语种 the widespread use of … 。。。广泛的使用 Animals preserve vt. 保护(某种资源，比如natural resources, old Culture buildings,保护人可用protect) ancestors n. 祖先 inhumane adj. 残酷的 descendants n. 后代 biodiversity n. 生物多样性 cultural assimilation 文化同化 companions n. 伙伴 indiscriminate adj. 盲目的 replacements = alternatives n. 替代物 time-honoured adj. 历史悠久的 habitat n. 栖息地 cultural heritage 文化遗产 endangered species 濒危动物 cultural diversity 文化多样性 hide n. 兽皮 (皮毛:fur) cultural identity 文化特性 ethnic minorities 少数民族 Environment sustainalbe development 可持续发展 Development exploit natural resources 开采自然资源 the pace of life = the tempo of life 生活节奏 the ecosystem 生态系统 (eco开头的词都和生态有关) the gap between the urban area and the rural area 城乡差距 disposable adj. 一次性的(disposable chopsticks) eliminate vt. 消除 conserve vt. 节约(环境类可代替save) inferior adj. 质量差的 deteriorate vt. 恶化(某种现象自身恶化) facilities n. 设施 aggravate vt. 恶化(某种现象导致别的恶化，) alienated adj. (人与人之间)疏远的 discharge vt. 排放(污染物) materialistic adj. (人)物质化的，现实的 contamination n. 污染(词很大，不宜多用) the present situation = the current situation = the status quo 现状 consume = deplete vt. 消耗(资源) exterior n. (建筑)外观 eco-friendly adj. 有益于环保的 function n. 功能 scarcity n. 短缺