第五讲英国浪漫主义时期文学(华兹华斯拜伦)

PartFive:RomanticisminEnglandtheAgeofPoetryTeachingArrangement:I.HistoricalBackgroundII.RomanticismIII.A.poets1.Escapistromanticists/LakePoets(湖畔派诗人)(WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey)2.activeromanticists/demonicgroup/Satanicschool(撒旦派)(GeorgeGordonByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats)B.essayists(CharlesLamb,WilliamHazlitt,ThomasDeQuincey)C.novelist(WalterScott)(1)IndustrialRevolution—transformedBritainfromagriculturaltoindustrialcountry,responsibleforthechangeinthepatternofsociallifeandtheworseningofsocialcontradictions; (2)Americanrevolutionin1775—theDeclarationofIndependence,writtenbyThomasJeffersonin1776,withitsemphasisonindividualrights;(3)TheFrenchrevolutionin1789—introducedthedemocraticideals:liberty,equalityandfraternityforeverybody;I.HistoricalBackgroundRousseau:glorifyhumannature;claimforsocialdemocracyResponseinBritainThomasPaine:“TheRightofMan”--fightagainsttyrannyBastillethestormingofBastilleFrenchRevolution(4)theabolitionofslaveryintheBritishcolonies;(5)theintroductionofsystemofnationaleducation;(6)theFactoryActs《工厂法案》bywhichtheemploymentofchildrenunderninewasforbiddenbythelaw.(7)LyricalBallads,《抒情歌谣集》acollectionofpoembyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge,publishedin1798,whichmarkedthestartofRomanticismasaliterarytrend.1.definition—EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&Coleridge‘sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBill《改革法案》intheParliament.EnglishRomanticismisarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason.TheFrenchRevolutionof1789-1794andtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.II.EnglishRomanticismRomanticistsshowintheirworkstheirprofounddissatisfactionwiththesocialrealityandtheirdeephatredforanypoliticaltyranny,economicexploitationandanyformofoppression,feudalorbourgeois.Intherealmofliterature,theyrevoltagainstreason,rules,regulation,objectivity,commonsenses,etc.andemphasizethevalueoffeelings,intuition,freedom,nature,subjectivism,individuality,originality,imagination,etc.2.ThefeaturesoftheRomanticwritings:1) Dissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety.2)Theirwritingsfilledwithstrong-willedheroesoreventitanic巨大的images,formidable可怕的eventsandtragicsituations,powerfulconflictingpassionsandexoticpictures.3)payattentiontospiritualandemotionallifeofman.Mostworksaresupernaturalandfullofimagination.4)interestinthepast,theunusual,theunfamiliar,thebizarre稀奇古怪5)strongdesiretoescapefromthereality.6)concernedmuchabouttheinfluenceofnature.7)Theirwritingsfreefromanyrules,theyfightagainstthetenure占有ofnewclassicism:order,harmony,balance,reason.Theyaskforthefreedomofexpression.8)Afeelingofloneliness&anoteofmelancholy8)Theglorificationofthecommonplace---theaimofgoodpoetryis“tochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife”andtousea“selectionoflanguagereallyspokenbymen”,andtoawakeninthereader“freshnessofsensation”inthepresentationof“familiarobjects”.9)characterizedby5“I”s:Imagination,Intuition,Idealism,Inspiration,Individuality.1.TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorless______attitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditions.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferentAnswer:B2.FortheRomantics,____isnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.A.loveB.manC.natureD.deathAnswer:C3.IntheRomanticperiod,____isthemostprosperousliteraryform.A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.playAnswer:B4.RomanticismisaperiodofBritishliteratureroughlydatedfrom_________.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----1901Answer:B3.TwoschoolsofRomanticismA.escapistromanticists,“theLakePoets”湖畔派,representedbyWilliamWordsworth华兹华斯,SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治andRobertSouthey骚塞.B.activeromanticists,“theSatanicschool”撒旦派,withByron拜伦,Shelly雪莱andKeats济慈asrepresentatives湖畔派LakePoets18～19世纪的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。主要成员有华兹华斯、柯尔律治和骚塞。由于他们三人曾一同隐居于英国西北部的昆布兰湖区，先后在格拉斯米尔和文德美尔两个湖畔居住，以诗赞美湖光山色，所以有“湖畔派诗人”之称。在诗歌题材上，他们主张写下层人民的日常生活，强调诗人的内心探索和感情的自然流露；在诗体方面，主张发展民间诗歌的艺术传统，采用民间口语，发挥诗人的想象力。他们的理论和实践结束了英国古典主义诗学的统治，对英国诗歌的改革和发展起了很大作用。但是他们否定诗歌的社会作用，美化中世纪的田园生活，提倡唯心主义、唯灵主义、神秘主义；把“听天由命”看成是人的“天性的永恒部分”；拜伦和雪莱对此进行过激烈的批评。湖畔派诗人起初都同情法国革命，随着革命的深入，由害怕革命而退却，进而逃避现实，迷恋过去，美化中世纪的宗法制，幻想从古老的封建社会中去寻找精神的安慰与寄托。当湖畔派诗人的消极倾向日益明显的时候，青年诗人拜伦、雪莱开始登上文坛，向湖畔派诗人展开论争。拜伦在一八O九年完成的讽刺长诗《英格兰诗人和苏格兰评论家》中，不仅回答了消极浪漫主义者操纵的刊物《爱丁堡评论》对拜伦诗作的攻击，而且还严厉地谴责了湖畔派诗人的消极倾向。由于他们敢于向湖畔派诗人作斗争，因而被英国绅土们斥之为撒旦(恶魔)，所以文学史上称拜伦、雪莱和济慈为“撒旦派”。一般说，湖畔派诗人代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 消极浪漫主义倾向，撒旦派代表积极浪漫主义精神。虽然湖畔派诗人在与古典主义的斗争中有过贡献，在诗歌的艺术上有较深的造诣，但其历史地位远不及撒旦派重要。　LakepoetsWordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheywereknownasLakePoetsbecausetheylivedandknewoneanotherinthelastfewyearsofthe18thcenturyinthedistrictofthegreatlakesinNorthwesternEngland.TheformertwopublishedTheLyricalBalladstogetherin1798,whileallthreeofthemhadradicalinclinationsintheiryouthbutlaterturnedconservativeandreceivedpensionsandpoetlaureateshipsfromthearistocracy.TheRimeoftheAncientMariner.WhereistheLakeDistrict?TheLakeDistrictWilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯(1770-1850)Britishpoet,whospenthislifeintheLakeDistrictofNorthernEngland.WilliamWordsworthstartedwithSamuelTaylorColeridgetheEnglishRomanticmovementwiththeircollectionLYRICALBALLADSin1798.Whenmanypoetsstillwroteaboutancientheroesingrandiloquent夸张style,Wordsworthfocusedonthenature,children,thepoor,commonpeople,inhispoem,heaimedatsimplicityandpurityofthelanguage,soheusedordinarywordstoexpresshispersonalfeelings.Hisdefinitionofpoetryas"thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsarisingfrom"emotionrecollectedintranquility"wassharedbyanumberofhisfollowers.PoetLaureate1843LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》followedby“ThePrefacetotheLyricalBallads”—servedasthemanifesto（宣言）oftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.majorworks:LyricalBallads(1798)《抒情歌谣集》“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsthattakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。“endeavoredtobringlanguageneartothereallanguageofman”.HisUnderstandingofPoetryTheobjectswhichexcitedtheseemotionsweretobeordinaryones.Thestyleselectedforthenewpoetrywasalsotobesimple.Apoetshouldgivepleasureandrevealuniversaltruth.Poetryis“themostphilosophicofallwriting”famousshortpoems：Aboutnature:“IwonderedLonelyasaCloud”“独自漫游似浮云”，or“TheDaffodils”“咏水仙”“IntimationofImmortality”“不朽颂”“LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey”“丁登寺”;“TotheCuckoo”“致布谷鸟”;“MyHeartLeapsupWhenIBehold”“我心雀跃”;“ToaButterfly”“致蝴蝶”“AnEveningWalk”“黄昏漫步”Abouthumanlife:--sympathyforthepoorLucyPoems《露西组诗》“TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”“TheOldCumberlandBeggar”“康伯兰的老乞丐”“Michael”“迈克尔”“WeareSeven”“我们七个”IWanderedLonelyasaCloudDaffodilsIWanderedLonelyasaCloudIwanderedlonelyasacloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,在山丘和谷地上飘荡，WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,忽然间我看见一群Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,在树荫下，在湖水边，Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。Continuousasthestarsthatshine连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,在银河里闪闪发光，Theystretchedinnever-endingline它们沿着湖湾的边缘Alongthemarginofabay:延伸成无穷无尽的一行；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TenthousandsawIataglance,我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。Thewavesbesidethemdanced,butthey粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,与这样快活的伴侣为伍，Insuchajocundcompany:诗人怎能不满心欢乐！Igazed--andgazed--butlittlethought我久久凝望，却想象不到Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie每当我躺在床上不眠，Invacantorinpensivemood,　　或心神空茫，或默默沉思，　　　　　　　　　　　Theyflashuponthatinwardeye它们常在心灵中闪现，Whichistheblissofsolitude;那是孤独之中的福祉；Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,于是我的心便涨满幸福，Anddanceswiththedaffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。1.4“IwonderedLonelyasaCloud”我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看到一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放。它们开在湖畔，开在树下它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；我久久凝视--却未领悟这景象所给予我的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》赏析   《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》是华兹华斯抒情诗的代表作之一，写于1804年。据说此诗是根据诗人兄妹俩一起外出游玩时深深地被大自然的妩媚所吸引这一经历写成的，体现了诗人关于诗歌应描写“平静中回忆起来的情感”（emotionrecollectedintranquility）这一诗学主张。全诗可以分成两大部分：写景和抒情。诗的开篇以第一人称叙述，格调显得低沉忧郁。诗人一方面竭力捕捉回忆的渺茫信息，另一方面又觉得独自飘游，可以自由自在地欣赏大自然所赋予的美景。他把自己比作一朵流云，随意飘荡，富有想象的诗句暗示诗人有一种排遣孤独、向往自由的心情。在他的回忆中，水仙花缤纷茂密，如繁星点点在微风中轻盈飘舞。诗中的“舞”意象鲜明，几乎贯穿了整个诗篇：第一节出现了水仙花翩翩起舞的情景；第二节写出了水仙花的繁多；第三节中粼粼波光与水仙齐舞，交相辉映，共同绘制成一幅赏心悦目的情景。诗人力图在一种迷离、恍惚和模糊的瞬间感受中去领悟人生的真谛。记忆中那一望无际的、连绵不断的金黄色水仙花在湖边迎风舞蹈的姿态仿佛有一种精神力量令人振奋，给他孤独的心灵带来了欢乐：“水仙花在我的心灵闪现，使我在幽独中感到欣然”。在诗人的笔下，大自然的美景具有治愈人们心灵创伤的能力。华兹华斯正是凭着这样一种艺术的直觉，将自然美与人类之间的联系揭示得淋漓尽致。Analysisof“IwonderedLonelyasaCloud”:A.thefirstandthesecondstanza---avividpictureofahostofgoldendaffodilsdancinghappilyinthebreezeB.thethirdstanza---thehappinessbroughttothepoet’ssoulbythedancingdaffodilsC.thelaststanza---thehappinessbroughtbythedaffodilslastsforeverinthepoet’smemory.AnalysisIWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isapoemaboutnature.Withhispureandpoeticlanguage,Wordsworthbringsusintoabeautifulworldwheretherearedaffodils,treesandbreeze.Wefollowthepoetateveryturnofhisfeelings.Wesharehismelancholywhenhe“wanderedlonelyasacloud”andhisdelightthemomenthisheart“withpleasurefills”.Wecometorealizethegreatpowerofnaturethatmayinfluenceourlifedeeplyasrevealedinthepoem.Thepoemconsistsoffour6-linedstanzasofiambictetrameter（四步抑扬格）witharhymeschemeofababccineachstanza.宋代黄庭坚逗留荆州时，有诗曰：“借水开花自一奇，水沉为骨玉为肌。暗香已压酥糜倒，只比寒梅无好枝。”孤独的割麦女看，一个孤独的高原姑娘，在远远的田野间收割，一边割一边独自歌唱，请你站住。或者俏悄走过！她独自把麦子割了又捆，唱出无限悲凉的歌声，屏息听吧！深广的谷地已被歌声涨满而漫溢！ 还从未有过夜莺百啭，唱出过如此迷人的歌，在沙漠中的绿荫间抚慰过疲惫的旅客；还从未有过杜鹃迎春，声声啼得如此震动灵魂，在遥远的赫布利底群岛打破过大海的寂寥。她唱什么，谁能告诉我？忧伤的音符不断流涌，是把遥远的不幸诉说？是把古代的战争吟咏？也许她的歌比较卑谦，只是唱今日平凡的悲欢，只是唱自然的哀伤苦痛——昨天经受过，明天又将重逢？姑娘唱什么，我猜不着，她的歌如流水永无尽头；只见她一边唱一边干活，弯腰挥镰，操劳不休……我凝神不动，听她歌唱，然后，当我登上了山岗，尽管歌声早已不能听到，它却仍在我心头缭绕。LucyPoems--“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”《她住在人迹罕至的地方》她住在人迹罕至的地方,圣洁的小溪在身边流淌,没有谁把这少女赞颂,少有人为她挂肚牵肠。她是紫罗兰身影半露,生苔的墓碑将她遮挡;美丽如一颗孤星,在夜空里闪闪发亮。没有谁了解她曾活在世上,少有人知道她何时夭亡;躺在墓中的露西啊,唯有我与别人都不一样。GeorgeGordonByron(1788–1824)GeorgeGordon,LordByron(1778-1824)LifeStoryMajorLiteraryWorksFeaturesofByron’sPoetryByron’sPositioninEnglishLiteratureByronicHeroAppreciation作者简介   乔治·戈登·拜伦(GeorgeGordonByron,1788-1824)生于伦敦一个破落贵族家庭，自幼有残疾，生性敏感，10岁时继承爵位，曾就读于剑桥大学三一学院，成年后为上议院的议员。拜伦在学生时代开始写诗，读 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 期间出版了诗集《闲散的时刻》(HoursofIdleness,1807)，遭到《爱丁堡评论》(EdinburghReview)杂志的攻击，他以《英国诗人与英格兰评论家》(EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers,1809）一诗进行回击，引起轰动。1809年，他取得上议院议员资格，随后到欧洲进行了为期两年的游历，遍访西班牙、希腊等国。1812年，拜伦发表了欧洲游历期间创作的《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》(ChildeHerold’sPilgrimage)的前两章，一举成名。随后他又相继写出叙事诗《异教徒》（TheGiaour,1813）、《阿比多斯的新娘》(TheBrideofAbydos,1813)、《柯林斯之围》(TheSiegeofCorinth,1816)等。1816年，拜伦因其离婚事件不为伦敦社会所容，愤然出走，离开了英国，再也没有回来。他先在瑞士逗留，结识了雪莱，后到意大利定居，此间创作了一系列剧作，如《曼弗雷德》(Manfred,1817)和《该隐》(Cain,1821)等，并开始创作其代表作《唐璜》(DonJuan,1818-1823)。1823年7月，拜伦前往希腊，支援希腊人民反抗土耳其统治的斗争，次年病逝于营地。LifeandCareerBornintoanancientaristocraticfamilyInheritedthetitleofabaron（男爵）andalargeestateattheageoftenThoughhewasbornlame,hewasgoodatsports,especiallyatswimming.EducatedfirstatHarrowandthenCambridgeTookhisseatintheHouseofLordsHemovedtoItaly,wherehefinishedChildeHarold’sPilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》andwrotehismasterpieceDonJuan《唐璜》.UponhearingthenewsoftheGreekrevoltagainsttheTurks,Byronplungedhimselfintothestruggle.TheGreeksmadehimcommanderinchief(总司令)oftheirforcesin1824.Duetomonths’hardworkunderbadweather,hefellillanddied.April19,1824,Byrondiedwith“Forward!Forward!Followme!”TheGreekpeoplemournedoverhisprematuredeath.Byronwasregardedasthe“satanicpoet”bytheEnglishgovernmentwhenhedied.Itwasnotuntil1969thatawhitemarblememorialtoByronwaserectedinWestminsterAbbey.NowadayshisnameisputinthePoets’Corner.Byron’sinfluence①ontheworld　　Foralongtime,thereexistedtwocontroversialopinionsonByron.HewasregardedinEnglandastheperverted（堕落）man,thesatanicpoet;whileontheContinent,hewashailedasthechampionofliberty,poetofthepeople.Byron’spoetryhasgreatinfluenceontheliteratureofthewholeworld.AcrossEurope,patriots&painters&musiciansareallinspiredbyhim.Poets&novelistsareprofoundlyinfluencedbyhisworks.ActuallyByronhasenrichedEuropeanpoetrywithanabundanceofideas,images,artisticforms&innovations.HestandswithShakespeare&ScottamongtheBritishwriterswhoexertthegreatestinfluenceoverthemainlandofEurope.②onChinaByron’spoetrywasfirstintroducedintoChinaattheendoftheQingDynasty,whenChinawasontheeveofthe1911Revolution.Hisrevolutionaryzealanddemocraticideals,asshowninhisstirringlyricTheIslesofGreeceandChildeHarold,stronglyimpressedtheChineseyouthwhowerethenwagingstrugglestooverthrowtheoldfeudalsystem.SincetheMay4Movementin1919,moreandmoreofByron’spoemshavebeentranslatedintoChineseandwellreceivedbythepoetsandyoungreaders.Byronhasnowbecomeoneofthebest-knowEnglishpoetsinourcountry.ByronicHeroWhatisByronichero?AsaleadingRomanticist,Byron’schiefcontributionishiscreationofthe“Byronichero”,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicherowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptworld,andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.Byronicheroes:fierypassionsunbendingwillidealoffreedomagainsttyranny（专制统治）andinjusticelonelyfightersindividualisticendsByronicHeroSuchaheroappearsfirstinChildeHarold'sPilgrimage,andthenfurtherdevelopedinlaterworkssuchastheOrientedTales,Manfred,andDonJuanindifferentguises.Thefigureis,tosomeextent,modeledonthelifeandpersonalityofByronhimself,andmakesByronfamousbothathomeandabroad.aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleoriginwithfierypassionsandunbendingwillhavingadistasteforsocialinstitutions;expressingalackofrespectforrankandprivilege;ultimately,beingself-destructiveChildeHarold;Manfred;Cain;DonJuanByron'sinfluencewasmanifestedbymanyauthorsandartistsoftheRomanticmovementduringthe19thcenturyandbeyond.AnexampleofsuchaheroisHeathclifffromEmilyBrontë'sWutheringHeights.GeorgeGordon,LordByronFeaturesofByron’sPoetryPersistentattackson“cant(伪善的)politics,religious,andmoral”;Noveltyoforientalscenery;RomanticcharacterofByronichero;Free,copious(丰富的)andvigorousdiction（措辞）andsimple,freshdescriptions;Glowingimagination;EmploymentoftheOttavaRima(八行体)(OctaveStanza,an8-lineiambicpentameter（五步抑扬格）stanzawiththerhymeschemeabababcc)fromItalianmock-heroicpoetry.GeorgeGordon,LordByronThispoemlooksbackwithregretatabrokenrelationship.Ittellsthestoryofacouplethatsharedasecretrelationshipandisforcedtoseparateforaperiodoftime,andduringthisperiod,thepersontowhomthepoemisdirectedtocommitsanactofindiscretionandthespeakerisshamedandbetrayed.Ifheshouldmeethisbelovedagain,hewillgreetherwith“silenceandtears.”ThepoemisaboutFrancesWebster,Byron’sfriendJames’wife,whoflirtedin1813withByronwhenhewasstayingundertheirroof,andherallegedrelationshipwithDukeofWellington.WhenByronlearnedheraffairwiththeDuke,Byronfeltcheated.WhenwetwopartedInsilenceandtears,Halfbroken-hearted,Toseverforyears,Palegrewthycheekandcold,Colderthykiss;TrulythathourforetoldSorrowtothis!ThedewofthemorningSunkchillonmybrow;ItfeltlikeIfeelnow.Thyvowsareallbroken,Andlightisthyfame:IhearthynamespokenAndshareinitsshame.GeorgeGordonByron想当年我们俩分手，也沉默也流泪，要分开好几个年头想起来心就碎；苍白，冰冷，你的脸，更冷的是嘴唇；当时真是像预言今天的悲痛。早晨的寒露在飘落，冷彻了眉头——仿佛是预先警告我今天的感受。你抛了所有的信誓，声名也断送：听人家讲你的名字，我也就脸红。人家当我面讲你我听来像丧钟——为什么我从前想象你值得我这么疼?谁知道我本来认识你，认识得太相熟：——我今后会长久惋惜你，沉痛到说不出！你我在秘密中见面——我如今就默哀你怎么忍心来欺骗。把什么都忘怀！多年后万一在陌路偶尔再相会，我跟你该怎么打招呼？——用沉默，用眼泪。Theynametheebeforeme,Aknelltomineear;Ashuddercomeso’erme---Whywertthousodear?TheyknownotIknewtheeWhoknewtheetoowell:Long,longshallIruetheeToodeeplytotell.Insecretwemet:InsilenceIgrieveThatthyheartcouldforget,Thyspiritdeceive.IfIshouldmeettheeAfterlongyears,HowshouldIgreetthee?Withsilenceandtears.thelingeringsorrowitdescribes.Allhaveveryshortlines,producinganeffectofseparation.Eachtwolinesmeanttobeone–asevering.Punctuationgivesevenmoreexpressionofthelinesbeingbroken,andhisheartbeingbroken.GeorgeGordon,LordByronWhenwetwoparted昔日依依惜别，Insilenceandtears，泪流默默无言；Halfbroken-hearted离恨肝肠断，Toseverforyears，此别又几年。Palegrewthycheekandcold，冷颊向愕然，Colderthykiss，一吻寒更添；Trulythathourforetold日后伤心事，Sorrowtothis！此刻已预言。Thedewofthemorning朝起寒露重，Sunkchillormybrow凛冽凝眉间———Itfeltlikethewarning彼时已预告：OfwhatIfeelnow．悲伤在今天。Thyvowsareallbroken，山盟今安在？Andlightisthyfame；汝名何轻贱！Ihearthynamespoken，吾闻汝名传，Andshareinitsshame．羞愧在人前。Theynametheebeforeme，闻汝名声恶，Aknelltomineear；犹如听丧钟。Ashuddercomeso'erme不禁心怵惕———Whywertthousodear？往昔情太浓。ThyknownotIknewthee谁知旧日情，whoknewtheetoowell：斯人知太深。Long，LongshallIruethee绵绵长怀恨，Toodeeplytotell．尽在不言中。Insecretwemet—昔日喜幽会，InsilenceIgrieve今朝恨无声。Thatthyheartcouldforget，旧情汝已忘，Thyspiritdeceive．痴心遇薄幸。IfIshouldmeetthee多年惜别后，Afterlongyears，抑或再相逢，HowshouldIgreetthee？相逢何所语？Withsilenceandtears．泪流默无声。ChildHarold’sPilgrimageThisisapoemabouttheheroHarold,whowasdisillusionedinmoderncivilizationandwhodecidedtoleavehisnativelandforforeigncountriesinordertobeamongsimplerpeople.Thepoempresentsapanoramicviewofallsortsofthings,fromcolorfuldescriptionsofnationalmannersandcustomsandimpressivepicturesofnaturetotheauthor’sphilosophicalreflectionsandhiscourageouspoliticalopinions.ChildeHarold’sPilgrimagelongpoemwith4cantosSpenserianstanza9-linestanza,ababbcbccHarold’stravelsinEuropesolitary,melancholykeenunderstandingstrongloveoffreedomphilosophicalandpoliticalviewsfirstexpressedbythemouthofHarold,thenbythepoethimselfDonJuan《唐·璜》Byron’smasterpiece,anepicsatireinottavarima(八行体),Astanzaofpoemconsistingof8linesiniambicpentameterrhymingabababcc.16,000lineslongin16cantos.DonJuanisanaristocraticlibertine（放荡不羁的贵族）,amiableandcharmingtoladies—agreatloverandseducerofwomen.Intheconventionalsense（传统意义上）,Juanisimmoral,yetByrontakesthispoemasthemostmoral.AndByroninvestsinJuanthemoralpositiveslikecourage,generosityandfrankness,which,accordingtoByron,arevirtuesneglectedbythemodernsociety.（DonQuixote堂吉珂德）《唐璜》是拜伦后期最重要的一部长诗。唐璜原是一名西班牙家传户晓的一名传说人物，他并不是一个英雄，相反他却是一个因为诱骗了某贵族少妇而被驱逐并到处流亡的青年无赖式的人物。但在拜伦的笔下得以重新塑造，成为一个“极美貌、骄傲、大胆而又运气好的人”。虽然他屡次身陷险境，但又每次都能从死神的身边安全逃开；虽然他经受过无数与情人生离死别的痛苦煎熬，但总有新的爱情给他带来新的幸福。他热情冲动、敏感正直，在遭遇饥饿的恐怖和沉船的厄运后，遇见了美丽的希腊少女海蒂。正陶醉于爱情和大自然时，一个游吟诗人的吟唱将唐璜带到了残酷的现实。这块如海蒂一般美丽的土地正饱受着土耳其的侵扰，并面临着即将灭亡的噩运。这段吟唱带给唐璜以巨大的震撼，诗人拜伦对这一切当然也感同身受。因为种种原因，作为希腊异族人的拜伦在他后来的生命岁月里选择了与希腊人民站在一起、并共同抵御外辱。而这段在《唐璜》中并不太起眼的第三章中的一节就在诗内和诗外的世界里也因此具有了特殊的意义。GeorgeGordonByronItistakenfromDonJuan,Byron’smasterpiece.ItissungbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.(GreekbecameaTurkishcolonyoftheinthe19thcentury.)BycontrastingthefreedomofancientGreeceandthepresentenslavement,thepoetappealedtopeopletostruggleforliberty.“像莎士比亚一样包罗万象，他囊括了人生的每个题目，搅动了神圣的琴上的每一根弦，弹出最细小以至最强烈、最震动心灵的调子。”——WaltScott“《唐璜》是彻底的天才的是个文学作品——愤世到了不顾一切的辛辣程度，温柔到了优美感情的最纤细动人的地步。”——歌德鲁迅称拜伦是浪漫主义的“宗主”，盛赞其人其诗“如狂涛如厉风，举一切伪饰陋习，悉与荡涤。”GeorgeGordonByron希腊群岛呵，美丽的希腊群岛！　　火热的萨弗在这里唱过恋歌；在这里，战争与和平的艺术并兴，　　狄洛斯崛起，阿波罗跃出海面！永恒的夏天还把海岛镀成金，可是除了太阳，一切已经消沉。BycontrastingthefreedomofancientGreeceandthepresentenslavement,thepoetappealedtopeopletostruggleforliberty.TheIslesofGreece,theIslesofGreece!WhereburningSappholovedandsung,WheregrewtheartsofWarandPeace,WhereDelosrose,andPhœbussprung!Eternalsummergildsthemyet,Butall,excepttheirSun,isset.ancientGreekpoetess,famousforherlovelyrics.theislandwhereAppollowasbornepithetofApolloMainIdeaoftheExcerptfromDonJuan(TheIslesofGreece)颂希腊“TheIslesofGreece”,takenfromCantoIIofDonJuan,isamongByron’smosteffectivepoeticalutterancesonnationalfreedom.Allthe16stanzasthatconstitutethesongaresupposedtohavebeensungbyaGreeksingerattheweddingfeastofDonJuanandHaideeonanisleofGreece.Inthesong,bycontrastingthefreedomenjoyedbyanancientGreekswiththeenslavementoftheearly19th-centuryGreeksunderTurkishrule,thepoetcallsontheGreekstostrugglefortheirnationalliberation.DonJuanDonJuanisagreatcomicepic,apoembasedonatraditionalSpanishlegendofagreatlover.ByroninvestsinJuanthemoralpositiveslikecourage,generosityandfrankness,which,accordingtoByron,arevirtuesneglectedbythemodernsociety.Inaddition,bymakinguseofJuan’sadventures,Byronpresentsapanoramicviewofdifferenttypesofsociety,paintingbrilliantpicturesoflifeinitsvariousstagesoflove,joy,suffering,hatredandfear.TheunifyingprincipleinDonJuanisthebasicironicthemeofappearanceandreality,i.e.whatthingsseemtobeandwhatactuallyare.ThediversematerialsandtheclashofemotionsgatheredinthepoemareharmonizedbyByron’sinsightintothedifferencebetweenlife’sappearanceanditsactuality.DonJuan《唐璜》ItwaswritteninItalyduringtheyearsfrom1818to1823.Ithas16,000linesin16cantosandwritteninottavarima（八行体）.Eachstanzacontains8iambicpentameterlines.Therhymeschemeisabababcc.八行体：每行10或11个音节，