江苏专版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第二节推理判断题三写作意图题课件牛津译林版

专 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 三　阅读理解(2019·天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.语篇解读　本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess解析　推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。√52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.解析　词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。√53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.解析　推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。√54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.解析　推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。√55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。√一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。A(2019·南徐盐常四市联考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激动的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize，understand，andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills，theybecomebetteratmanipulating(控制)others.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions，youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling，youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(细致审查)themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect，butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown，theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(动机)，emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote，universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不择手段的)tendencies，andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then，Cote’steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(逐渐削弱)theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts，emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrites，“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”Ofcourse，peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot，emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained，“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifwe’regoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork，weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereit’sactuallyuseful.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影响。1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing，Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知，人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁·路德·金就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故C项正确。√2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导人们做对他们不利的事情属于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。√3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以极具说服力，是因为他有能力战略性地表达自己的情绪，这些情绪会影响到他的追随者，让他们不再批判性地思考，而只是发泄情绪，由此可知，希特勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力，故C项正确。√4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnothers’trust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.解析　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益，故A项正确。√5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral. B.Unimportant.C.Illegal. D.Uncontrollable.解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的”，故A项正确。√6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOne’sEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文主要介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。√B(2019·南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid，”saysa10characterinTheFly，ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches，Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However，ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor，notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears，scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring，droning，honeybees，butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”，wroteE.O.Wilson，a4respectableentomologist，“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsectsweretovanish，theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce，throughpollination(授粉)，andarefoodforotheranimals，soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic，thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.Moreover，wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout，othersseemtobemovingintotheniches(生态位)theyhaveleft，keepingecosystemsgoing，althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue，independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem，themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient(能复原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 。否则后果不堪设想。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.解析　推理判断题。根据画线句及其后的内容可知，生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是受到惊吓的物体，而不是吓人的物体。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲虫正在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，昆虫学家元老威尔逊写道，“世界还会再生……但如果昆虫消失了，环境就会陷入混乱。”所以通过威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中带下画线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。故B选项正确。√8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects，westillhavethereason　tobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautions　rightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironment　isatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecan　imagine.√解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知，生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故D选项正确。9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。√做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句素材提炼再拓展Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.　　　　　　　　_____2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically._______3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras._____________4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.____________5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback._____激励批判地记录下，捕捉受人尊敬的反应(二)同义词语替换6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage._________7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight._______8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.______________________influencecontrolcause/resultin/bringin(三)一词多义9.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople，putyourselfintheirpositions._____(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth._______(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking，imitating，singingandtellingjokes._____影响使参加包括10.charactern.性格，个性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字(1)Ididn’tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter._____(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.He’sahoot，arealcharacter._____(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading，mathsandmoralcharacter._____(4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself._____(5)Acharacterisaletter，number，orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.____________个性人物人格角色文字；符号Ⅱ.长难句理解11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent.[句式 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ]　本句是一个复合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是状语；其中ledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是过去分词短语作；whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引导的从句。[精美译文]　___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　　　　　在一个由大学教授JochenMenges主持的研究中(发现)，当一个领导人做充满激情的演讲时，听众不太可能细致审查内容细节并记住演讲内容。地点定语时间状语12.Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...；其中how引导一个从句；Giventhelackofdata是短语作，译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。[精美译文]　______________________________________________________________________宾语　　　　　考虑到数据的缺乏，不可能知道欧洲和美洲生态系统的崩溃是何等的相近。介词状语