高考英语阅读主旨大意

ReadingComprehension------Howtogetthemainidea?30题,31题,35题45题2013年30题,45题2012年30题,45题2011年1.近几年广东高考阅读理解主旨大意题:2.阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类与方法主旨题2.标题类(topic或title型)1.文章/段落主旨(mainidea型)3.写作意图类(purpose型)解题方法一：找主题句开头、中间、结尾三:抓线索所叙述的事实或提供的线索二:找高频词反复出现的中心词四：找关联词but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary解题方法一：二：排除法三:找高频词找主题句反复出现的中心词开头、中间、结尾四：找关联词but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary假定标题3.Questionforms:1.主题类（1).Themainideaofthepassageis________.2).Thepassageismainlyabout___________.((3).Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(4).Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?(5).What’sthemainpoint/mainidea/centralthoughtofthepassage?Questionforms:2.标题类（1).Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe______.(2).Thetext(Passage)couldbeentitled__________.(3).Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?(4).Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?3.作者意图类(1).Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis___.(2).Thepassageismeantto__________.(3).Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______.(4).Theauthor’spurposeistoshow_______.概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合新闻报道导语提携全文议论文总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文记叙文六要素文首文末例子/假设后进入主题没有主题句：找反复出现的词语1.Mainidea(主要内容)型文章的主题句或者说“文眼”是贯穿全文的灵魂，找到了主题句，就找到了解题的思路。(1)主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。(2)找主题句的小窍门1)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨；首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨。2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；3)段落中出现表转折的词语（如however,thus,infact,actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句；例题一Widespreadmediacoveragehasbeengiventoanewpilltopreventheartdiseaseandstroke.TheSunsaidthepill,calledAteronon,“couldsavethousandsoflives”.TheDailyTelegraphsaidthatthenewproductcontainsanaturalthingfoundintomatoesthatisapowerfulantioxidant.Thenewspapersaidthepillcanpreventthebulid-upoffat.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howwecanpreventheartdisease.B.Anewpillgetsmuchmediaattention.C.Thebuild-upoffatisharmful.D.Anaturalthingwasfoundintomatoes.开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。例题二：….twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining,…Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnelsEachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels例题二：Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels没有主题句找反复出现的词语2.(topic或title型)文章标题型特点是：短小精悍;涵盖性强，；精确性强1.概括性原则 要求覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。2.针对性原则 针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。3.醒目性原则 标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。推敲选项正误的小窍门：1)正确选项不出现细节信息。2)正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对意义的词。3)正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。4)四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中，往往有一个是正确选项。5)干扰项特点：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。【2013安徽E】[1]Argentinainthelatenineteenthcenturywasanexcitingplace.Around1870…thedanceknownanthetango(探戈舞)cameintobeing[2]Atthebeginningthetangowasadanceofthelowerclasses...Gradually,thedancespreadintotheupperclassesofArgentineansocietyandbecamemorerespectable.[3]InEuropeatthistime,stronginterestindancefromaroundtheworldwasbeginning…thedancedidfindenoughsupporterstomakeitpopular.[4]Thepopularity（流行）Ofthetangocontinuedtogrowinmanyotherpartsoftheworld…75.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?HowtoDancetheTangoB.TheHistoryoftheTangoC.HowtoPromotetheTangoD.TheModernTangoBoomIfyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.(2分钟)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSaleThissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)诱售法这类题的题干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,（inorder）to。我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的写作目的，因此，文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读的重点，作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。3.(purpose型)写作目的型TointroducesthTosellaproductorserviceToarractreaders’attentionToattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattractionpurposeTocallon…ToresiststhToamusereadersToargueagainst…andsupportone’sownidea写作目的对应的文章如下toinformreaders新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性的文章。写作目的型与写作目的对应的文章如下：1)toentertainreaders（使读者愉悦、发笑）：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。2)topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）：常见于广告或议论文。3)toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性的文章。【2013重庆卷E】[1]ItiswidelyknownthatanyEnglishconversationbeginswithTheWeather…[2]BillBryson,forexample,concludesthat,astheEnglishweatherisnotatallexciting,theobsessionwithitcanhardlybeunderstood.Hearguesthat“Toanoutsider,themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.”…[3]JeremyPaxman,however,disagreeswithBryson…[4]BrysonandPaxmanstandforcommonmisconceptionsabouttheweather-speakamongtheEnglish.…TheEnglishweatherconversationisnotreallyabouttheweatheratall.Englishweather-speakisasystemofsigns,…Rather,theyareroutinegreetings,conversationstartersortheblank“fillers”,Inotherwords,Englishweather-speakisameansofsocialbonding.75.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow_______.A.ToexplainwhatEnglishweather-speakisabout.B.ToanalyzemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.C.TofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.D.ToconvincethattheEnglishweatherischangeable.75.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToexplainwhatEnglishweather-speakisabout.B.ToanalyzemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.C.TofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.D.ToconvincepeoplethattheEnglishweatherischangeable.[1]…anyEnglishconversationbeginswithTheWeather…[2]BillBryson…astheEnglishweatherisnotatallexciting,theobsessionwithitcanhardlybeunderstood.Hearguesthat“Toanoutsider,themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.”…[3]JeremyPaxman,however,disagreeswithBryson…[4]…TheEnglishweatherconversationisnotreallyabouttheweatheratall…Inotherwords,Englishweather-speakisameansofsocialbonding.75.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow_______.A.ToexplainwhatEnglishweather-speakisabout.B.ToanalyzemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.C.TofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.D.ToconvincethattheEnglishweatherischangeable.Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation(通货膨胀)?…HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclocks,whichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques.Indeed,studentsofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.Antiqueclockscouldbeveryexpensive,butoneofthejoysofcollectingclocksisthatitisstillpossibletofindquitecheaponesforyourownhome.Afterall,ifyouaregoingtoberuledbytime,whynotinvestinairantiqueclockandperhapsmakeafutureprofit?()Thepurposeofthepassageis_____________.A.tointroducethecultureofantiqueclocks.B.tooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclocksC.tocomparedifferentwaystomakeafutureprofitD.toexplainconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingtime()Thepurposeofthepassageis_____________.A.tointroducethecultureofantiqueclocks.B.tooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclocksC.tocomparedifferentwaystomakeafutureprofitD.toexplainconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingtime知识总结：阅读理解主旨大意的提炼快速找到文章的主题句巧妙选择文章的标题1.开头、中间、结尾含有主题句2.首段出现疑问句/具体例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨3.反复重复的观点/词4.转折的词语（如however,thus,infact,actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句1.概括性原则2.针对性原则3.醒目性原则Putyourselfinthewriter’sshoes!设身处地站在作者的角度上