电子类专业英语电子教案第十三课

null13 Radio Telecommunications13 Radio Telecommunications学习重点： （1）掌握有关无线电通信的基本单词、词组和缩略语的基本含义及用法 （2）培养阅读翻译有关无线电通信的科技文献和产品说明书的能力 （3）学习科技英语中的直译和意译，了解意译的几种主要方法 null生词 antenna [ æn‘tenə ] n. 天线 cellular [ ‘seljulə ] a. 细胞的；蜂窝的 drain [ drein ] v. 耗尽n. 消耗 Passage A Mobile Telecommunicationsnullequalisation [ i:kwili‘zeiʃən ]  n. 均衡；补偿 handset [ 'hændset ] n. 电话听筒, 手持机 infrastructure [ 'infrə'strʌktʃə ] n. 基础结构；基础设施 keypad [ 'ki:pæd ] n. 小键盘 lithium [ 'liθiəm ] n. 锂 migrate [ mai'greit, 'maigreit ] v. 移动, 迁移 monitor [ 'mɔnitə ] v. 监视 n. 显示器 nickel [ 'nikl ] n. 镍 v. 镀镍于 protocol [ 'prəutəkɔl ] n. 草案； 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ringtone [ riŋtəun ] n. 手机铃音 stack [ stæk ] n. 堆叠；堆栈 animation [ æni‘meiʃən ] n.卡通制作 subscriber [ sʌbs'kraibə ] n. 电话用户；签署者；预订者；订阅者2. 课文翻译讲解2. 课文翻译讲解 Cellular telephone, or mobile telephone, is a type of short-wave analog or digital telecommunication in which a subscriber has a wireless connection from a mobile telephone to a relatively nearby transmitter. The transmitter's span of coverage is called a cell. A cellular telephone system is schematically shown in Figure 13-1. 翻译：蜂窝电话或移动电话，是一种短波模拟或数字通信方式，此通信方式可使用户 使用的移动电话与附近的发射机之间有无线连接。人们称发射机的覆盖范围为蜂窝。 一蜂窝电话系统图示于图13-1。 nullGenerally, cellular telephone service is available in urban areas and along major highways. As the cellular telephone user moves from one cell or area of coverage to another, the telephone is effectively passed on to the local cell transmitter. There are many mobile or cell phone systems used today in all over the world and there is a considerable amount of equipment ranging from the cell phones themselves to cellular base stations, antennas and the network infrastructure. 翻译：一般来说，蜂窝电话服务用于郊区和主要的高速公路上，随着移动电话用 户从一个蜂窝或覆盖区移动到另一个，该电话被有效地传递到当地的蜂窝电话发 射机上。 现在全世界有许多正在使用移动或蜂窝电话系统，并有相当大量的设备，这 些设备包括从移动电话本身到基站、天线和网络架构等基础设施 。nullIn addition to the basic equipment, there are many new cell phone technologies to provide the many new services that are now available, enabling cell phone users to enjoy many new applications from games, and ringtone downloads to picture and video downloads. Plenty of technologies are being used today, ranging from GSM, GPRS, EDGE to UMTS or W-CDMA and cdmaOne (IS-95) to CDMA2000 1X, EV-DO and EV-DV and mobile TV technologies such as MediaFLO, DMB, and DVB-H.. 翻译：除了基本的设备以外，现在有许多新的蜂窝电话技术提供了许多新的、可供 选择的服务，使手机用户享受到了许多新的应用，如从游戏和铃声下载到图片和视 频下载。目前，大量的通信技术正在被使用，包括从GSM ， GPRS ， EDGE到 UMTS技术或W-CDMA和cdmaOne（IS- 95 ）到CDMA2000 1X ， EV - DO和 EV - DV技术以及移动电视技术，如MediaFLO，DMB及DVB - H技术。nullThe technology behind cellular systems and cell phones has developed from the first-generation (1G) systems to the second-generation (2G) systems and then to the third-generation (3G) systems. At each stage the improved performance and further facilities were available, from SMS messaging to video downloads.翻译：蜂窝系统和蜂窝电话技术已经由第一代发展到第二代并即将使用第三代系统 。在每一阶段，都有改进的性能和进一步的设施可利用，从短信服务到视频下载。null It is particularly challenging for a cell phone design. They need to offer high levels of performance, while being able to fit into a very small space and in addition to this, it is necessary that the power consume of the electronics circuitry needs to be very little, so that the life between charges can be maintained longer.翻译： 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 一部移动电话是极具挑战性的。它们需要提供高水平的性能，占用空 间要小，而且整个电路的能量损耗必须很小，这样两次充电间的时间才会更长。null Mobile phones contain a large amount of circuitry, each of which is carefully designed to optimize its performance. The cell phone comprises analogue electronics as well as digital circuits ranging from processors to display and keypad electronics. A mobile phone typically consists of a single board only, but within this there are a number of distinct functional areas: radio frequency - receiver and transmitter; digital signal processing; analogue / digital conversion; control processor; SIM or USIM card; power control and battery. 翻译：移动电话包括大量的电路，每部分电路都要谨慎设计以使性能最优化。蜂窝 电话的处理器、显示屏和键盘电路都由模拟和数字电路组成。一部移动电话仅由一 块电路板组成，但在该电路板上集成了大量的不同功能区：无线电频率接收机和发 射机、数字信号处理、模拟/数字转换、控制处理器、SIM或USIM卡、能量控制和 电池。null (1) Radio frequency - receiver and transmitter The radio frequency section of the mobile phone is one of the crucial areas of the cell phone design. This area of the mobile phone contains all the transmitter and receiver circuits. Normally direct conversion techniques are generally used in the design for the mobile phone receiver. 翻译：（1）无线电频率接收机和发射机 移动电话的射频部分是蜂窝电话设计的关键领域，该部分包括所有的发射机和接 收机电路。一般情况下，移动电话接收机在设计中使用直接转换技术。null (2) Analogue to Digital Conversion The circuitry that converts the signals between analogue and digital formats is another crucial area of any mobile phone design. The radio frequency sections of the design use analogue techniques, whereas the processing is complete digital. Another function that may sometimes be included in this area of the mobile phone design or within the DSP is that of the voice codecs. 翻译：（2）模拟到数字转换 进行模拟和数字信号转换的电路是移动电话设计中的另一个关键部分。射频部分 设计使用模拟技术，而信号处理却是完全数字化的。有时可能会包括在移动电话设计 的这一领域或DSP中的另一项功能是语音编码解码功能。null As the voice data needs to be compressed to enable it to be contained within the maximum allowable data rate, the signal needs to be digitally compressed. This is undertaken using what is termed a codec.翻译：由于语音数据需要加以压缩，使之能够控制在允许的最大数据传输率，信 号需要进行数字化压缩处理。这是用称之为编码解码器的线路来承担的。null(3) Digital Signal Processing The DSP components of the mobile phone design undertake all the signal processing. Processes, such as the radio frequency filtering and signal conditioning at the lower frequencies, are undertaken by this circuitry. 翻译：（3）数字信号处理 移动电话设计的DSP部分承担全部信号处理工作。如射频滤波和较低频率下的信 号整形的处理是由该电路完成的。 nullIn addition to this, equalization and correction for multi-path effects is undertaken in this area of the design. Although these processors are traditionally current hungry, the current processors enable the signal processing to be undertaken in a far more power effective manner than if analogue circuits are used.翻译：此外，用于多径效应的均衡和校正也在这部分设计中完成。虽然这些处理 器有传统的耗电问题，但是，现在的处理器使得信号处理比使用模拟电路的方式 更加有效。null (4) Control Processor The control processor is at the heart of the design of the phone. It controls all the processes occurring in the phone from the MMI (Man Machine Interface), which monitors the keypad presses, and arranging for the information to be displayed on the screen. 翻译：（4）控制处理器 控制处理器是电话设计的核心部分。它控制着发生在手机上的所有处理过程，如 监控键盘按压的MMI（人机接口），安排显示在屏幕上的信息。 nullIt also looks after all the other elements of the MMI including all the menus that can be found on the phone. Another function of the control processor is to manage the interface with the mobile network base station. The software required for this is known as the protocol stack and it enables the phone to register, make and receive calls, terminate them and also handle the handovers that are needed when the phone moves from one cell to the next. 翻译：它也兼顾所有其他的MMI信息，包括手机上的所有菜单。控制处理器的另一 项功能是管理与移动网络基站的接口。该站所需要软件被称为协议栈，该软件能够 控制电话的登记、打出和接听，终止通话，并在该电话从一个小区移动到另一个小 区时处理电话的切换。nullAdditionally the software formats the data to be transmitted into the correct format with error correction codes included. Accordingly the load on this processor can be quite high, especially when there are interactions with the network. 翻译：此外，该软件能够将需要传送数据格式化成含有纠错码的正确格式。因此， 处理器的负载相当高，尤其是在它们与网络相互作用时。 nullThe protocols used to interact with the network are becoming increasingly complicated with the progression from 2G to 3G. Along with the increasing number of handset applications the load on the processor is increasing. To combat this, the design for this area of the phone circuitry often uses ARM processors. This enables high levels of processing to be achieved for relatively low levels of current drain. 翻译：随着系统由2G升级到3G，所使用的联网协议也变得日趋复杂。随着手机数 目的增加，处理器的负荷也在增加。为了解决这个问题，这部分电话电路的设计常 采用ARM处理器，这样就可以在耗电相对较低的情况下能够达到高水平的处理。null (5) Battery Battery design and technology has improved on considerably in the last few years. This has enabled mobile phones to operate for much longer. Initially nickel cadmium cells were used, but these migrated to nickel-metal-hydride cells and then to lithium ion cells. With phones becoming smaller and requiring operating for longer from a single charge, the capacity of the battery is very important, and all the time the performance of these cells is being improved. 翻译：（5）电池 在过去几年里，电池的设计和技术已经有了相当大的改进，使得移动电话的工作时 间更长。最初使用镍镉电池，但后来改用镍金氢化电池，然后又采用锂离子电池。 随着手机容积的日趋缩小和要求一次充电后工作时间更长，电池的容量就变得非常 重要，所以电池的性能也在一直不断改进。3.疑难解析3.疑难解析1) They need to offer high levels of performance, while being able to fit into a very small space and in addition to this, it is necessary that the power consume of the electronics circuitry needs to be very little, so that the life between charges can be maintained longer. 它们需要提供高水平的性能，占用空间要小，而且整个电路的能量损耗必须很小，这样待机时间才会更长。 fit into/in意为“放进去；给…安排时间”。null2) It controls all the processes occurring in the phone from the MMI (Man machine interface) which monitors the keypad presses and arranging for the information to be displayed on the screen. 它控制着发生在手机上的所有处理过程，如监控键盘按压的MMI（人机接口），显示在屏幕上的信息。 arrange 意为“安排”常用于下列句式中： arrange for...to do... ；It is arranged that... 4 语法应用4 语法应用英语的直译和意译（Ⅱ） 3) 变换表达方式（即换一句话说） (1) 变换主语或主语短语。例如： Foresight now tells us that travel to Mars is not impossible. 远见告诉我们前往火星的旅行不是不可能的。（直译） 把眼光放远一些我们就会相信将来前往火星的旅行不无可能。（意译） (2) 长句分成短句，及语序调换（破句重组）。例如： In the door way lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 在门口放着至少十二把各种大小和颜色的雨伞。（直译） 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。（意译）null(3) 同义反译， 即用反面说法表示同一种意思。例如： Please tender exact fare. 请付准确的费。（直译）/ 恕不找零钱。（意译） 4) “无中生有”及“视而不见” （ 加词和减词 ）。例如： Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion. 科学需要人们巨大的努力和无限的热爱。（直译） 要掌握科学，必须做出巨大的努力，并要有献身精神。（意译） He said he would come to the discussion. 他说他要来参加讨论的。（加词） He lends money to people in distress and would never take any interest for the money he lent. 他借钱给那些有急难的人，从来不要利息。（减词）