GB-T 4458.1-2002 机械制图 图样画法 视图

ICS 01.100.20 .I 04 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 标 准 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 代替GB/T 4458. 1一1984 机械制图 图样画法 视图 Mechanical drawings-General principles of presentation-Views (ISO 128-34:2001，Technical drawings-General principles of presentation- Part34:Views on mechanical engineering drawings, MOD) 2002-09-06发布 2003-04-01实施 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国家质 量监督检 验检疫总 局 发 布 GB/T 4458. 目 次 月臼贡 ······································。。················。。······，·················································一 皿 1 范围 ·········································································································⋯⋯ 1 2 规范性引用文件 ························································⋯⋯，..........................⋯⋯ 1 3 术语和定义 ·，··············-····················································.....·············.⋯⋯，....⋯⋯ 1 4 基本要求 ······························································································......···⋯⋯ 1 5 视图表示法 ················································。··············································⋯ ⋯ 1 5.1 局部视图 ··············，····················································································⋯⋯ 1 5.2相邻的辅助零件与特定区域···········································⋯⋯，.....................⋯⋯3 5.3 表面交线 ······································································，···················.··········⋯⋯ 3 5. 4 平面画法 ·············.···············.·..............····.......................................⋯⋯ 4 5. 5 断裂画法 ···································································································⋯⋯ 4 5. 6 重复结构要素 ··················································........................................⋯⋯ 5 5. 7 局部放大图 ····························。··，·····················，··········..···················...........⋯⋯ 6 5.8 初始轮廓 ·················································································............······.⋯⋯ 7 5. 9 弯折线 ·······································································································.⋯⋯ 7 5.10 较小斜度和锥度结构·····································································.............⋯⋯ 7 5. 11 透明件·····，······························································⋯⋯，..···············.............⋯⋯ 8 5. 12 运动件··························································································，·············⋯⋯ 8 5.招 成型零件和毛坯件··························································.. ........................⋯⋯ 9 5. 14分隔的相同元素的制成件···························································...................⋯⋯9 5. 15 网状结 构··，················，···································································..·········⋯⋯ 9 5. 16 纤维方向·····························，·················································..........·········.·..⋯⋯ 9 5. 17 零件图中有两个或两个以上相同视图的表示 ··················································⋯⋯ 10 5. 18 镜像零件 ··················································，································...........····⋯ ⋯ 10 6 简化画法····，···················，···················，···························································⋯⋯ n 图1按基本视图配置的局部视图·····················································⋯⋯，.................⋯⋯2 图2 按向视图配置的局部视图·························································⋯⋯，.................⋯⋯2 图3按第三角画法配置的局部视图(一卜····································............⋯⋯，........⋯⋯2 图4 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(二卜···，········，···························.........................⋯⋯2 图5 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(三)················································⋯ ⋯，············⋯⋯ 2 图6 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(四卜································································⋯⋯ 2 图7 相邻辅助零件的表示(-) ................................................................⋯，.........⋯⋯ 3 图8 相邻辅助零件的表示(j) .....................................·········································..⋯⋯3 图9 轮廓表示···········································，·····························.................···.·.....⋯⋯ 3 图l。 相贯线的画法 ····························，········，·······················................⋯⋯，.......⋯⋯ 3 图n 相贯线的简化画法 ····································，，······⋯⋯，................. ...............⋯⋯，4 图12 过渡线的画法 ·······································⋯⋯，........⋯⋯，，...........⋯ ⋯，，..........⋯⋯ 4 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 图13轴上的矩形平面画法 ·················································································⋯⋯4 图14 锥形平面画法 ···························，······························································⋯⋯ 4 图15 断开视图画法(一)····，····，··········································································⋯⋯ 5 图16 断开视图画法(二)·······················································································⋯⋯5 图17 对称的重复结构的画法(一)··········································································⋯⋯ 5 图18对称的重复结构的画法(二)···································································⋯⋯“““‘5 图19不对称的重复结构的画法 ········································································⋯⋯“·“‘5 图2。 有几个被放大部分的局部放大图画法 ···，·················· ············· ···············⋯⋯ 6 图21 仅有一个被放大部分的局部放大图画法 ········，，··················································⋯⋯ 6 图22 被放大部位图形相同的局部放大图画法 ····························································⋯⋯ 6 图23 用几个图形表达同一个被放大部位的局部放大图画法 ·········································⋯⋯ 7 图24 初始轮廓的表示 ·····································，···········，·······································⋯⋯ 7 图25 弯折线的表示 ································，························································⋯⋯ 7 图26 较小锥度的画法 ·············，······································································⋯⋯8 图27 较小斜度的画法 ··················································································⋯⋯8 图28 透明件的画法 ··························································································⋯⋯8 图29供观察用的透明件的表示 ············································································⋯⋯8 图30 运动件的表示 ·······················································，································⋯⋯ 9 图31在毛坯图中表示完工零件的画法 ································································⋯⋯’“‘’9 图32 在完工零件图上表示毛坯的画法 ·······················································，······，·····⋯⋯ 9 图33分隔的相同元素的组合的表示 ··························································⋯⋯‘””“““‘’9 图34 网状结构的画法 ·························································································⋯⋯ 9 图35 纤维方向的表示·························································································⋯⋯ 10 图36 轧制方向的表示 ··························································································⋯⋯ 10 图37 两个相同视图的表示············，·······································································⋯⋯10 图 38 两个图形相 同的局 部视图和斜视图的表示 ························································⋯⋯ 10 图39 镜像零件的表示 ·························································································⋯⋯ 11 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 月A 吕 本部分是《机械制图 图样画法》系列国家 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 之一。下面列出了这些国家标准的预计结构及其对 应的、以及代替的国家标准。 — GB/T 4457. 4-2002 机械制图 图样画法 图线(ISO 128-24，代替GB/T 4457. 4-1984) — GB/T 4458. 1-2002 机械制图 图样画法 视图(ISO 128-34，代替GB/T 4458. 1-1984) ------GB/T 4458. 6-2002 机械制图 图样画法 剖视图和断面图 (ISO 128-44，代 替()B/T 4458. 1一1984) 本部分对应于ISO 128-34:2001《技术制图 图样画法 机械工程制图用视图》(英文版)。本部 分与ISO 128-34;2001的一致性程度为修改采用，主要差异如下: 一 增加了第4章基本要求，将有关内容列人该章说明; — 补充和完善了5. 7“局部放大图”的有关内容; — 对标准章、条重新作了编排 本部分代替G川T 4458. 1-1984《机械制图 图样画法》中有关“视图画法”的内容。 本部分与 GB/T 4458. 1- 1984相 比主要变化如下 : — “基本视图”、“向视图”、“斜视图”的基本表示法在G川T 17451-1998《技术制图 图样画 法 视图》中已作了详细规定，本部分只作了注日期引用和补充; — 删去了“旋转视图”; — 增加了局部视图用第三角画法配置的形式; — 标出r绘图用图线线型; — 假想交线由粗实线改用细实线(01.1线型)绘制; 网状结构由细实线改用粗实线(01.2线型)绘制。 本部分由全国技术产品文件标准化技术委员会提出。 本部分由全国技术产品文件标准化技术委员会(CSBTS/TC146)归口。 本部分起草单位:机械科学研究院、常州技术师范学院、合肥工业大学、天津市检测技术研究所。 本部分主要起草人:强毅、王槐德、杨东拜、周京淮、李学京、刘光平。 本部分所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为:GB 620. 040一6一51;G13 128一59; GB 128一74; GB/T 4458. 1- 1984. GB/T 4458. 1-2002 机械制图 图样画法 视图 范 围 本部分规定了视图表示法。 本部分适用于在机械制图中用正投影法(见GB/T 14692)绘制的技术图样。 除特别指明外，本部分规定的图样画法系第一角画法。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过GB/T 4458的本部分的引用而成为本部分的条款。凡是注日期的引用文 件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本部分，然而，鼓励根据本部分达成 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本 部分 。 GB/T 4458. 4 机械制图 尺寸注法(neq ISO 129) GB/T 10609.4 技术制图 对缩微复制原件的要求(neq ISO 6428) GB/T 13361 技术制图 通用术语(neq ISO 10209-1) GB/T 14692 技术制图 投影法(neq ISO 5456) GB/T 16675. 1 技术制图 简化表示法 第1部分:图样画法 (:B/T 16948 技术产品文件 词汇 投影法术语(eqv ISO 10209-2) GB/T 17450 技术制图 图线(idt ISO 128-20) GB/T 17451-1998 技术制图 图样画法 视图 GB/T 4457. 4-2002 机械制图 图样画法 图线(ISO 128-24, Technical drawing-General principles of presentation-part24;I,ines on mechanical engineering drawing,MOD) 3 术语和定义 GB/T 13361和GB/T 16948确立的术语和定义适用于本部分。 4 基本要求 4. 1 GB/T 17451是本部分的基础，本部分是对GB/T 17451的补充。基本视图、向视图、局部视图、斜 视图的基本表示法见GB/T 17451 e 4.2 绘制视图的图线应符合GB//T 1745。和GB/T 4457. 4的规定。 4.3 需进行缩微复制的视图应按照GB/T 10609.4的要求绘制。 5 视图表示法 5. 1 局部视 图 5.1.1 在机械制图中，局部视图的配置可选用以下方式: — 按基本视图的配置形式配置，见图1中的俯视图; — 按向视图的配置形式配置，见图2; GB/T 4458. 1-2002 二9 e 嘲 图 1 按基本视 图配置 的局 部视图 图 2 按 向视图配置的局部视图 -一按第三角画法(见GB/T 14692)配置在视图上所需表示物体局部结构的附近，并用细点画线 (No. 04. 1线型 )将 两者相作 .n图 3一图 6- 今 中 介口篡夸 图3 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(一) 图 4 按第三角 画法配置的局部视 图(二 ) 图5 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(三) 图6 按第三角画法配置的局部视图(四) 5. 1.2 画局部视图时，其断裂边界用波浪线(No. 01. 1线型)或双折线(No. 01. 1线型)绘制，见图1中 的俯视图和图2中的A向视图。当所表示的局部视图的外轮廓成封闭时，则不必画出其断裂边界线， 见图2中的B向视图和图38, 2 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 5.1.3 标注局部视图时，通常在其上方用大写的拉丁字母标出视图的名称，在相应视图附近用箭头指 明投射方向，并注上相同的字母，见图2。当局部视图按其本视图配置，中间又没有其他图形隔开时，则 不必标注，见图1, 5.2 相邻的辅助零件与特定区域 5.2.， 相邻的辅助零件用细双点画线(No. 05. 1线型)绘制。相邻的辅助零件不应覆盖为主的零件， 而可以被为主的零件遮挡，见图7、图8，相邻的辅助零件的断面不画剖画线 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?、 、 ? ? ? ? ? 图7 相邻辅助零件的表示(一) 图8 相邻辅助零件的表示(二) 5.2.2 当轮廓线无法明确绘制时，则其特定的封闭区域应用细双点画线(No. 05. 1线型)绘制，见图9 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 厂一 1 L } 图9 轮廓表示 5.3 表面交线 可见相贯线用粗实线(No. 01. 2线型)绘制，见图10、图11。不可见相贯线用细虚线(No. 02. 1线 型 )绘 制。 口 /下、 一 廿夕一 图 10 相贯线 的画法 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 相贯线的简化画法按GB/T 16675. 1的规定，见图11。但当使用简化画法会影响对图形的理解时， 则应避免使用 。 寻 /叮\ 一 七夕一 图 11 相贯线的简化画法 过渡线应用细实线(No. 01. 1线型)绘制，且不宜与轮廓线相连，见图12a 图 12 过渡线的画法 5.4 平面画法 为了避免增加视图或剖视图，可用细实线(No. 01. 1线型)绘出对角线表示平面，见图13、图140 in 图13 轴上的矩形平面画法 图 14 锥形平面画法 5.5 断裂画法 较长的机件(轴、杆、型材、连杆等)沿长度方向的形状一致或按一定规律变化时，可断开绘制，其断 裂边界用波浪线(No. 01. 1线型)绘制，见图15、图16,断裂边界也可用双折线(No. 01. 1线型)或细双 点画线(No. 05. 1线型)绘制。 4 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 图 15 断开视图画法(一) 图 16 断开视图画法(二) 5.6 重 复结构要素 零件中成规律分布的重复结构，允许只绘制出其中一个或几个完整的结构，并反映其分布情况。重 复结构的数量和类型的表示应遵循GB/T 4458.4中的有关要求。 对称的重复结构用细点画线(No. 04. 1线型)表示各对称结构要素的位置，见图17、图18 不对称 的重复结构则用相连的细实线(No. 01. 1线型)代替，见图19e 气 { 、\产丰一丫 图17 对称的重复结构的画法(一) 76- I 习 图 18 对称的重复结构的画法(二) 图 19 不对称的重复结构的 画法 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 57 局部放大图 5. 7. 1 局部放大图— 将机件的部分结构，用大于原图形所采用的比例画出的图形。 局部放大图可画成视图，也可画成剖视图、断面图，它与被放大部分的表示方法无关，见图20。局 部放大图应尽量配置在被放大部位的附近。 5.7.2 绘制局部放大图时，除螺纹牙型、齿轮和链轮的齿形外，应按图2o,图21用细实线圈出被放大 的部位 。 当同一机件上有几个被放大的部分时，应用罗马数字依次标明被放大的部位，并在局部放大图的上 方标 注出相应的罗马数字和所采用 的比例，见 图 200 图20 有几个被放大部分的局部放大图画法 当机件上被放大的部分仅一个时，在局部放大图的上方只需注明所采用的比例，见图21, 图21 仅有一个被放大部分的局部放大图画法 5.7.3 同一机件上不同部位的局部放大图，当图形相同或对称时，只需画出一个，见图22 图 22 被放大部位图形相同的局部放大 图画法 5.7.4 必要时可用几个图形来表达同一个被放大部位的结构，见图23. “广 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 A - A 带 争 十 十 举 令 令 令 令 令 A匕 B ('12_ 5 呀 2,1:1l 图23 用几个图形表达同一个被放大部位的局部放大图画法 5.8 初始轮廓 当有必要表示零件成形前的初始轮廓时，应用细双点画线(No. 05. 1线型)绘制，见图24. 图24 初始轮廓的表示 5.9 弯折线 弯折线在展开图中应用细实线(No. 01. 1线型)绘制，见图25. 展开 图25 弯折线的表示 5. 10 较小斜度和锥度结构 机件仁斜度和锥度等较小的结构，如在一个图形中已表达清楚时，其他图形可按小端画出，见 图 26,图 27 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 图26 较小锥度的画法 图 27 较小斜 度的画法 5. 11 透明件 透明材料制成的零件应按不透明绘制，见图28, 在装配图中，供观察用的透明材料后的零件按可见轮廓线绘制，见图290 图 28 透明件的画法 图 29 5. 12 运动件 在装配图中，运动零件的变动和极限状态，用细双点画线(No. 05. 1线型)表示，见图30. GB/T 4458. 图 30 运动件的表示 5. 13 成型零件和毛坯件 允许用细双点画线(No. 05. 1)在毛坯图中画出完工零件的形状，或者在完工零件图上画出毛坯的 形状，见图31、图32. 图 31 在毛坯 图中表示完工零件的 画法 图32 在完工零件图上表示毛坯的画法 5. 14 分隔的相同元素的制成件 分隔的相同元素的制成件，可局部地用细实线(No. 01. 1线型)表示其组合情况，见图33. 图33 分隔的相同元素的组合的表示 5.巧 网状结构 滚花、槽沟等网状结构应用粗实线(No. 01. 2线型)完全或部分地表示出来，见图34 图 34 网状结构的 画法 5. 16 纤维方向 材质的纤维方向和轧制方向，一般不必T出，必要时，应用带箭头的细实线(No. 01. 1线型)表示， 见 图 35、图 36 图35 纤维方向的表示 图36 轧制方向的表示 5. 17 零件图中有两个或两个以上相同视图的表示 一个零件上有两个或两个以上图形相同的视图，可以只画一个视图，并用箭头、字母和数字表示其 投射方向和位置，见图37、图380 A1,A2 图 37 两个相同视图的表示 Al,A2 图38 两个图形相同的局部视图和斜视图的表示 5. 18 镜像零件 对于左右手零件或装配件，可用一个视图表示，并按GB/T 16675.〕在图形下方注写必要的说明， 见图 39 GB/T 4458. 1-2002 犷石」仁 零件1(LH)如图; 零件 2(RH)对称。 图 39 镜像零件的表示 6 简化画法 视图的简化画法见GB/丁16675.