face to face with hurricane Camille 背景

Lesson1FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleWarming-upActivities WhatareNaturalDisasters? WhatshouldwedoifwewereconfrontedwithNaturalDisasters? Anaturaldisasterisathreatofanaturallyoccurringeventthatwillhaveanegativeeffectonpeopleortheenvironment. EffectofNaturalDisasters：Death,Damagetoproperty,Homelessness，Populationmigration,Economicimpact，Destructionofinfrastructure（公共设施）…..Whatcanwedo? Remaincalmandpatient Analysisthesituationaroundus,andfindthebestwaytoevacuate [ɪ‘vækjʊeɪt](疏散，撤退）. Ifyoucan'tevacuate.Findasafeplacetowaitforrescue CorporatewiththepeoplearoundyouNaturalDisastersearthquakeflooddroughthurricanetyphoonsandstormsnowstormtsunamivolcaniceruptiontornadofloodearthquakeAnearthquakeisthesudden,rapidshakingoftheearth.causemanydeathsandinjuriessandstormvolcaniceruptionAvolcanoisamountainthatopensdownwardtoareservoirofmoltenrock(熔岩）belowthesurfaceoftheearth.intenseheatlavaflows（岩浆流）destroyeverythingTropicalstorms typhoon:averyviolenttropicalstormwhichoccursovertheWestPacific（太平洋）OceanandChinaseas. tornado:aviolentwindstormconsistingoftallcolumnofairwhichspinsroundveryfastandcausesalotofdamage Tsunami/tsu’nɑːmi/:Averylargeoceanwavecausedbyanunderwaterearthquakeorvolcaniceruption.tsunamidamagecoastlinestrikeanywhereTornadotyphoonHurricane atropicalstorminwhichwindsattainspeedsgreaterthan75miles(121kilometers)perhour.ThetermisoftenrestrictedtothosestormsoccurringovertheNorthAtlantic（大西洋）Ocean. HurricaneseasonbeginsJune1andendsNovember30 Hurricanesaregivengirls’names 飓风和台风都是指风速达到33米/秒以上的热带气旋，只是因发生的地域不同，才有了不同名称。出现在西北太平洋和我国南海的强烈热带气旋被称为“台风”；发生在大西洋、加勒比海和北太平洋东部的则称“飓风”。飓风在一天之内就能释放出惊人的能量。 飓风与龙卷风也不能混淆。后者的时间很短暂，属于瞬间爆发，最长也不超过数小时。此外，龙卷风一般是伴随着飓风而产生。龙卷风最大的特征在于它出现时，往往有一个或数个如同“大象鼻子”样的漏斗状云柱，同时伴随狂风暴雨、雷电或冰雹。龙卷风经过水面时，能吸水上升形成水柱，然后同云相接，俗称“龙取水”。经过陆地时，常会卷倒房屋，甚至把人吸卷到空中。 一级.最高持续风速74–95mph危害：对建筑物没有实际伤害，但对未固定的房车、灌木和树会造成伤害。一些海岸会遭到洪水，小码头会受损。 二级.最高持续风速96–110mph危害：部分房顶材质、门和窗受损，植被可能受损。洪水可能会突破未受保护的泊位使码头和小艇会受到威胁。 三级.最高持续风速111–130mph危害：某些小屋和大楼会受损，某些甚至完全被摧毁。海岸附近的洪水摧毁大小建筑，内陆土地洪水泛滥。 四级.最高持续风速131–155mph危害：小建筑的屋顶被彻底地完全摧毁。靠海附近地区大部分淹没，内陆大范围发洪水。 五级.最高持续风速≥156mph危害：大部分建筑物和房屋屋顶被完全摧毁，一些房子完全被吹走。洪水导致大范围地区受灾，海岸附近所有建筑物进水，定居者可能需要撤离。典型飓风飓风安德鲁–飓风卡米尔–飓风吉尔伯特HurricaneCamille HurricaneCamille:ThestormlashedMississippiandLouisianafortwodays,Aug.17-18,1969.Thedeathtollwas256andbillionsofdollarsindamage. winds:190mph HurricaneCamilleissaidtobetheworststormevertohitmainlandUnitedStates.Withwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet,HurricaneCamillesmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastonSundaynight,the17thofAugustandcontinueditsdevastatingpathuntiltheearlyhoursofMonday,the18th.Thecombinationofwinds,surges,andrainfallscaused259deathsand$1.421billionindamage. Camille可以说是世界范围内登陆时风力最强的热带气旋，同时她也是20世纪仅有的3个以五级飓风的强度登陆美国的热带气旋之一，她几乎扫平了美国墨西哥湾沿岸的一切，并在弗吉尼亚州造成了恐怖的洪水和死亡。丧生于Camille麾下的生命总计259人，直接经济损失达7.8亿美元。 ApartmentbuildinginMississippibeforeandafterCamille. towncenterafterHurricaneCamilleinAugust1969 CivilDefense(民防队):asystemofwarningdevices（报警装置）,volunteerworkers,etc.organizedasadefenseofthepopulationagainstenemyactionsintimeofwar.TheprincipalU.S.civildefenseagency(机构)wasestablishedin1950andin1961civildefensefunctionsweretransferredtotheDefenseDepartment(国防部). NationalGuard(国民警卫队):intheU.S.,theorganizedmilitiaforces(民兵组织)oftheindividualstates,acomponentoftheArmyoftheU.S.whencalledintoactiveFederalservice.(战时由联邦编入正式军) Seabees(海军修建营):membersoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorps(美国海军工程兵)oftheU.S.Navy,thatbuildharbor（避难所）facilities,airfields,etc.SeabeestandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion. TheSalvationArmy（救世军）isaProtestantChristianchurchknownforitsextensivephilanthropyandcharitywork.Itisaninternationalmovementthatcurrentlyworksinoverahundredcountrieslogo TheInternationalRedCrossisaninternationalhumanitarianmovementwithapproximately97millionvolunteers,membersandstaffworldwidewhichwasfoundedtoprotecthumanlifeandhealth,toensurerespectforallhumanbeings,andtopreventandalleviate（减轻）humansuffering,withoutanydiscriminationInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossthetypeofthestory narration(Thetellingofastory) generaltypeofnarration: introduction(beginning) (time,place,characters,background); development climax conclusion(denouement)Organizationofthetext PartI(para.1-6):preparationforthehurricane (introductoryparagraphs:thetime,placeandbackgroundoftheconflict---manversushurricanes) PartII(para.7-27):theprocessoftheJohnKoshaks’bravefightingagainstthehurricane PartIII(para.28-35):theproblemsbroughtbythehurricaneweresolvedgraduallybytheorganizationsandthepeoplethemselves PartIV(para.36-39):thoughtherewasdamagebroughtbythehurricane,Koshak’sfamilyvaluedtheirlifemorethanbeforethehurricane TheSummaryoftheText ThetextdescribestheheroicstruggleoftheKoshaksandtheirfriendsagainsttheforcesofadevastating(destructive)hurricane.Unwillingtoabandontheirhome,theKoshakshadmadefullpreparationsforthehurricane.However,theyhadunderestimated(低估）violenceofHurricaneCamille,whichsmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastwithwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet. Theoverwhelmingwindandrainwhippedthehousesothatitwasonthevergeofdisintegration(崩溃).TheKoshaksandtheirfriendstriedtoquitthehouse,butunfortunatelyfailedbecauseofthedoused(wetinthewater)car.Theyscrambledbackandterrified.inthisdesperatesituation,theyattemptedtosupporteachotherwithverbal（口头的）comfortsorprayersfortheGod. Withthewholeroofliftedoff,thestaircase（楼梯）breakingapart,andthewallsfallingdown,theKoshaksfoundnoroomtobeashelterandpreparedadoorfortakingtheninechildrenonifthefloorsplitup.Luckily,themainattackofCamillehadpassedandtheKoshaksandtheirfriendssurvived.Organizationswithinthecountryhadcometotheaidofthedevastatedcoast,andtheinhabitantstherequicklyreorganizedtheirlives.ThoughthehurricanehaddeprivedtheKoshaksofalltheirmaterialpossessions,thefamilycamethroughit,whichwasthemostsignificantthingforthem.What’sthetheme(theidea/purposebehindthestory)ofthestory?“Welostpracticallyallourpossessions,butthefamilycamethroughit.WhenIthinkofthat,Irealizewelostnothingimportant.”Themostimportantthingisthespiritfightingagainstthedifficultieswhichcouldneverbetakenaway.Humanlivesareimportantandnotmaterialpossessions