TheStandardizationOfficewasrevisedontheafternoonofDecember13,2020交换机端口错包排查方法一、重要性:从网维排查的用户反应网速慢的故障中,相当一部分是由于交换机和交换机端口、交换机端口和用户路由器端口、交换机端口和光电转换器端口、交换机端口和用户网卡匹配不当,产生错包引起的。该问
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
虽然比较常见,但只要按交换机开局来配置,通常能降低故障发生率,即使还存在端口错包问题,也能通过改端口速度和双工状态来彻底解决。二、交换机端口错包
说明
关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书
:以华为交换机端口为例进行说明:[NJ-A-GJXC-S3026C-1]disinteth0/1Ethernet0/1currentstate:UPIPSendingFrames'FormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardwareaddressis000f-e21d-bedcDescription:togujiao_33-TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1500Mediatypeistwistedpair,loopbacknotsetPorthardwaretypeis100_BASE_TX100Mbps-speedmode,full-duplexmodeLinkspeedtypeisforcelink,linkduplextypeisforcelinkFlow-controlisnotenabledPort-flow-constrainhasnotbeenconfiguredcompletelyTheMaximumFrameLengthis1536BroadcastMAX-ratio:100%PVID:10Mditype:autoPortlink-type:hybrid Tagged VLANID:,99 UntaggedVLANID:,10,458Last300secondsinput: 0packets/sec11bytes/secLast300secondsoutput: 7packets/sec520bytes/secInput(total): packets,88bytes 66707broadcasts,9522multicastsInput(normal): -packets,-bytes -broadcasts,-multicasts Input: 0inputerrors,0runts,0giants, -throttles,0CRC 0frame, -overruns,0aborts,0ignored,-parityerrorsOutput(total):packets,57bytes 3638352broadcasts,288120multicasts,0pausesOutput(normal):-packets,-bytes -broadcasts,-multicasts,-pausesOutput:0outputerrors, -underruns,-bufferfailures 0aborts,0deferred,0collisions,0latecollisions 0lostcarrier,-nocarrier如上红字所示:输入错误数,inputerrors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。:discardedpacketsthataresmallerthanthemedium'sminimumpacketsize.( ReceiveByteCount<64andNOTCRCError or ReceiveByteCount<64andTagPacketandNOTCRCError,无论是否有vlantag,数据段小于64字节,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。):discardedpacketsthatarelargerthanthemedium'smaximumpacketsize.( ReceiveByteCount>1518andNOTCRCError or ReceiveByteCount>1522andTagPacketandNOTCRCError,没有vlantag,数据段大于1518字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧,和有vlantag,数据段大于1522字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。):discardedpacketsthatareincompleteframes.( 交换机察觉缓存或CPU过载,关闭接口接收器的情形称为throttle,是cisco路由器上的一个概念,我们的交换机目前不具备这个功能,一般应该显示为不支持。):discardedpacketswithchecksumerror.( ReceivePacketCRCerror,帧长度在正常范围(不带tag,长度在64到1518之间,或带tag,长度在64到1522之间),而且CRC校验错,如果支持此项,则不支持奇偶校验错误项。):discardedpacketswithframepad/sequence/alignmenterror,outofframeetc.( 不是整数字节,而是多1~7bit,因此不对齐,或乱序或空帧,而且CRC校验错误,但是不计入CRC错误。):thereceiverhardwareisunabletohandreceiveddatatoahardwarebufferbecausetheinputrateexceedsthereceiver'sabilitytohandlethedata.( 由于接口输入速率超过接受方处理能力,导致丢包,由于我们的交换机一般是线速转发,这项一般应该为0,只有部分交换机对上传CPU或三层线速转发的帧有接口带宽限制,或是通过ACL实现的带宽限制,因此被丢弃的帧,计入此项。):Inputabnormalframesthatarediscarded. ( 除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如前导码异常的帧,计入此项。):packetsthatarediscardedbecausetheinterfacehardwaredoesnothaveenoughinternalbuffers.( Packetignored,由于接口内部buffer满,丢弃的帧,与由于主系统缓存空间缺乏,导致的丢弃帧不同。线速转发的帧,在多接口满带宽输入,单接口输出等情况下,由于输出接口的带宽不足,数据帧将内部缓存占满,导致从接口输入的帧在进入内部缓存之前被丢弃,以及进入内部缓存的帧超时无法输出,计入此项,上传到CPU的帧,由于CPU处理能力限制,toCPU的缓存满,导致被丢弃,也计入此项。):Frameswithparityerror.( ReceivePacketparityerror,如果支持此项,则不支持CRC错误项。)输入丢弃数/输入错误数,outputerrors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。:Therearenodataintheoutputqueue.( Transmitunderrun,与Overrun相反,输出接口的缓存从输出队列中取以太网帧时,没有帧,是一种非常少见的硬件异常。有的交换机就没有单独的接口输出缓存,与接口输出队列是同一块缓存。)failures:Hardwaredoesnothaveenoughinternalbuffers. ( 内部缓存满,如果输出队列满,输出的以太网帧将在内部缓存中暂时存储,由于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃。由于交换机对线速转发的数据帧发生的这种异常,认为只是到达内部缓存而没有到达出接口,是个输入帧,因此计入InputIgnoredError,只有从CPU发出的帧,由于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃,计入此项。):Outputabnormalframesthatarediscarded.( 在半双工模式下,由于冲突检测,延迟发送超过15次的帧,被丢弃,计入此项。除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如添加前导码异常的帧,也计入此项):Thepacketscouldnotbesentoutforcollisionunderhalf-duplexmode.( 半双工模式下,由于检测到载波正在被声明,当时没有发出的包,延时一次,计数加一。):Statisticofcollisiondetectionunderhalf-duplexmode.( 半双工模式下,在以太网帧数据部分的前64字节进入线路前,由于检测到冲突,当时没有发出的包。)collisions:StatisticofcollisionwithGEportsendingpacketslessthan512bytesand10/100Mportlessthan64bytes.( 半双工模式下,在以太网帧数据部分的前64字节进入线路后,由于检测到冲突,当时没有发出的包。)carrier:Statisticoflosingthecarrier.( 载波丢失,一般适用于串行WAN接口,发送过程中,每丢失一个载波,此计数加一,对于交换机,通常是由于线路中断造成。)carrier:Statisticofnocarrier.( 无载波,一般适用于串行WAN接口,当试图发送帧时,如果没有载波出现 ,此计数加一,对于交换机,通常是由于线路中断造成。)如果“inputerrors”和“outputerrors”非“0”并且数字在增长,通常情况下可能存在端口匹配问题,必须进行端口状态调整。其它厂商,cisco和中兴的二层交换机错包类型相似,可以类推。三、错包问题排查方法下面分别说下中兴、华为和CISCO二层交换机排查常用命令。1.中兴交换机端口排查方法,以Z2826S为例进行说明;①交换机端口原来配置,showrun setport1descriptionTo_702 setport1autodisable setport1speed10 setport1pvid541 setport1macaddresson1 setport1unit-statisticsenable②交换机端口原来数据包统计NJ-A-CFDS-Z2826S_2(1#7F)(cfg)#shport1statistics PortId:1 PortName: ReceivedFrames :8 ReceivedBroadcastFrames:1815 ReceivedBytes :4 ReceivedMulticastFrames:0 CrcError :4934296 InPause :0 InMACRcvErr :0 Jabber :2 Fragments :6447228 UndersizeFrames :0 Frames64Bytes :1232457 Frames65_127Bytes : Frames128_255Bytes :7180773 Frames256_511Bytes :2203985 Frames512_1023Bytes :4738336 Frames1024_UpBytes : OversizeFrames :0 SendUnicastFrames :6 SendBytes :16 SendNoneUnicastFrames:1892514 SendFrames :0 SendBroadcastFrames :1035165 SendMulticastFrames :857349 SendSingleCollision :0 SendMultiCollision :0 SendLateCollision :0 SendExcessCollision :0 SendCollision :0 SendDefferTrans :0 OutPause :0 可以看到端口有大量“CrcError”错包,并且多次查看端口信息,可以看到错包在增长,该用户当前的上网速度肯定会慢,需要整改③更改端口匹配模式,改成端口自适应,主动宣告10M setport1autoenable setport1speedadvertisespeed10fullDuplex 更改后端口配置 setport1descriptionTo_702 setport1pvid541 setport1speedadvertisespeed10FullDuplex setport1macaddresson1 setport1unit-statisticsenable④清除原端口1数据包统计,NJ-A-CFDS-Z2826S_2(1#7F)(cfg)#clearport1statistics,再多次查看端口状态NJ-A-CFDS-Z2826S_2(1#7F)(cfg)#shport1statistics PortId:1 PortName: ReceivedFrames :2377 ReceivedBroadcastFrames:0 ReceivedBytes :174972 ReceivedMulticastFrames:0 CrcError :0 InPause :0 InMACRcvErr :0 Jabber :0 Fragments :0 UndersizeFrames :0 Frames64Bytes :4 Frames65_127Bytes :2371 Frames128_255Bytes :2 Frames256_511Bytes :0 Frames512_1023Bytes :0 Frames1024_UpBytes :0 OversizeFrames :0 SendUnicastFrames :4293 SendBytes :6461573 SendNoneUnicastFrames:6 SendFrames :4299 SendBroadcastFrames :4 SendMulticastFrames :2 SendSingleCollision :0 SendMultiCollision :0 SendLateCollision :0 SendExcessCollision :0 SendCollision :0 SendDefferTrans :0 OutPause :0 可以发现用户端口“CrcError”一直为“0”,此时用户上网才是正常的。
总结
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,只要2826端口有“CrcError”错误,一定要进行排查,直到“CrcError”错误为“0”。 2.华为二层交换机端口错包排查方法,以S2403H-EI为例进行说明①交换机端口原来配置[S2403EI]discuinteth0/1interfaceEthernet0/1descriptionto_101speed10duplexfullbroadcast-suppression5mac-addressmax-mac-count1portaccessvlan456②交换机端口原来数据包统计[S2403EI-2]disinteth0/1Ethernet0/1currentstate:UPIPSendingFrames'FormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardwareaddressis000f-e22a-45fcDescription:to_101TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1500Mediatypeistwistedpair,loopbacknotsetPorthardwaretypeis100_BASE_TX10Mbps-speedmode,full-duplexmodeLinkspeedtypeisforcelink,linkduplextypeisautonegotiationFlow-controlisnotenabledPort-flow-constrainhasnotbeenconfiguredcompletelyTheMaximumFrameLengthis1518BroadcastMAX-ratio:5%PVID:456Mditype:normalMAXmac-addresslearningcount:1Portlink-type:access Tagged VLANID:none UntaggedVLANID:456Last300secondsinput: 29packets/sec5729bytes/secLast300secondsoutput: 22packets/sec3705bytes/secInput(total): packets,68bytes 16038broadcasts,175multicastsInput(normal): packets,-bytes 16038broadcasts,175multicastsInput: 1102inputerrors,0runts,0giants, -throttles,112CRC 0frame, -overruns,0aborts,2637ignored,-parityerrorsOutput(total):packets,bytes 1404710broadcasts,5025215multicasts,0pausesOutput(normal):packets,-bytes 1404710broadcasts,5025215multicasts,-pausesOutput:0outputerrors, -underruns,-bufferfailures 19947aborts,0deferred,0collisions,0latecollisions -lostcarrier,-nocarrier端口有1102个“inputerrors”,说明端口匹配有问题,需要进行排查。③更改端口匹配模式,改成端口指定10M,duplex自适应duplexauto更改后端口配置interfaceEthernet0/1descriptionto_101speed10broadcast-suppression5mac-addressmax-mac-count1portaccessvlan456④清除原端口1数据包统计,再多次查看端口状态,需要从“#”模式退到“>”模式[S2403EI]quit
resetcountersinteth0/1[S2403EI]disinteth0/1Ethernet0/1currentstate:UPIPSendingFrames'FormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardwareaddressis000f-e22a-45fcDescription:to_101TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1500Mediatypeistwistedpair,loopbacknotsetPorthardwaretypeis100_BASE_TX10Mbps-speedmode,full-duplexmodeLinkspeedtypeisforcelink,linkduplextypeisautonegotiationFlow-controlisnotenabledPort-flow-constrainhasnotbeenconfiguredcompletelyTheMaximumFrameLengthis1518BroadcastMAX-ratio:5%PVID:456Mditype:normalMAXmac-addresslearningcount:1Portlink-type:access Tagged VLANID:none UntaggedVLANID:456Last300secondsinput: 28packets/sec5804bytes/secLast300secondsoutput: 27packets/sec4880bytes/secInput(total): packets,28bytes 16038broadcasts,175multicastsInput(normal): packets,-bytes 16038broadcasts,175multicastsInput: 0inputerrors,0runts,0giants, -throttles,0CRC 0frame, -overruns,0aborts,0ignored,-parityerrorsOutput(total):packets,bytes 1404792broadcasts,5025466multicasts,0pausesOutput(normal):packets,-bytes 1404792broadcasts,5025466multicasts,-pausesOutput:0outputerrors, -underruns,-bufferfailures 0aborts,0deferred,0collisions,0latecollisions -lostcarrier,-nocarrier如果再多次查看端口状态,看到“inputerrors”为“0”,此时用户上网速度才正常。3.CISCO二层交换机端口错包排查方法,以C2950为例进行说明①交换机端口原来配置2950#shruintfa0/3interfaceFastEthernet0/3descriptiontestswitchportaccessvlan100noipaddressduplexfullspeed100end②交换机端口原来数据包统计,2950#shintfa0/3FastEthernet0/3isup,lineprotocolisup(connected) HardwareisFastEthernet,addressis98.1c(bia98.1c Description:test MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY1000usec, reliability255/255,txload1/255,rxload1/255 EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset Keepaliveset(10sec) Full-duplex,100Mb/s inputflow-controlisoff,outputflow-controlisoff ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00 Lastinputnever,output00:00:01,outputhangnever Lastclearingof"showinterface"counters21w6d Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0 Queueingstrategy:fifo Outputqueue:0/40(size/max) 5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec 5minuteouxtputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec 1packetsinput,bytes,0nobuffer Received372broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles 3540inputerrors,3540CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored 0watchdog,0multicast,0pauseinput 0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected 6packetsoutput,9bytes,0underruns 0outputerrors,0collisions,0interfaceresets 0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred 0lostcarrier,0nocarrier,0PAUSEoutput 0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout端口有3540个“inputerrors”,说明端口匹配有问题,需要进行排查。③更改端口匹配模式,改成端口双工状态duplex自适应duplexauto更改后端口配置2950#shruintfa0/3interfaceFastEthernet0/3descriptiontestswitchportaccessvlan100noipaddressspeed100end④清除原端口1数据包统计,再多次查看端口状态2950#clearcountersfa0/3Clear"showinterface"countersonthisinterface[confirm][回车确认]sw4-idc#shintfa0/3FastEthernet0/3isup,lineprotocolisup(connected) HardwareisFastEthernet,addressis98.1c(bia98.1c Description:HeHai-SyslogServer-_5#B03 MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY1000usec, reliability255/255,txload1/255,rxload1/255 EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset Keepaliveset(10sec) Full-duplex,100Mb/s inputflow-controlisoff,outputflow-controlisoff ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00 Lastinputnever,output00:00:01,outputhangnever Lastclearingof"showinterface"counters00:01:40 Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0 Queueingstrategy:fifo Outputqueue:0/40(size/max) 5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec 5minuteoutputrate105000bits/sec,1packets/sec 4278packetsinput,3722881bytes,0nobuffer Received0broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles 0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored 0watchdog,0multicast,0pauseinput 0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected 5454packetsoutput,4793504bytes,0underruns 0outputerrors,0collisions,0interfaceresets 0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred 0lostcarrier,0nocarrier,0PAUSEoutput 0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout多次查看端口状态,看到“inputerrors”为“0”,此时用户上网速度才正常。四、端口错包排查常用命令1.中兴交换机常用命令2826(cfg)#showrun ####查看设备配置文件###2826(cfg)#shport1statistics ###查看端口数据统计信息###2826(cfg)#setport1autoenable ###改成端口自适应###2826(cfg)#setport1speedadvertisespeed10fullDuplex ###改端口主动宣告10M全双工###2826(cfg)#clearport1statistics ###清除原端口1数据包统计###2.华为二层交换机常用命令[S2403EI]discuinteth0/1 ####查看端口配置###[S2403EI]disinteth0/1 ###查看端口数据统计信息###[S2403EI]inteth0/1 ###进入0/1口###Speed10 ###端口速度指定为强制10M###duplexauto ###双工自适应###[S2403EI]quitresetcountersinteth0/1 ###清除原端口1数据包统计###[S2403EI]disinteth0/1 二层交换机端口错包排查方法,以C2950为例进行说明2950#shruintfa0/3 ####查看端口配置###2950#shintfa0/3 ###查看端口数据统计信息###2950(config)#intfa0/3 ###进入fa0/3口###Speed10 ###端口速度指定为强制10M###duplexauto ###双工自适应###2950#clearcountersfa0/3 ###清除原端口数据包统计###Clear"showinterface"countersonthisinterface[confirm][回车确认] 请代维在网络开通和维护时,尽量减少因为端口匹配的故障。定期主动远程登入到交换机,查下端口统计信息,如果发现端口有错包,尽快解决,直到端口没有错包产生。