2010年下半年12月最新大学英语四级考试资料

2010年下半年12月最新大学英语四级考试资料 2010年6月英语四级复习大全 第二章 阅读理解第二节 强化训练题 Passage 1 Psychics (通灵的人) are people who can get information about people, places, or situations through a sixth sense-a sense that exists in addition to those of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching. They can use their psychic ability to heal people who are sick, to give advice, to give hints about the future, and to do many other things. And it's not just individuals who use psychics; sometimes companies and governments use psychics, too. One year a company called Delphi and Associates earned $120,000 on the stock market with the help of psychics. "So how can I get some psychic help?" you may ask yourself. Well, you don't have to pay a lot of money to a professional psychic. You can start by using your own psychic ability. Psychic abilities are really just another sense, similar to our other five senses. The difference is that we never develop our psychic sense in the same way that we develop our other senses. We train our eyes to see the difference between a V and a U; we train our ears to hear the difference between a /ch/ and a /sh/ sound; we can feel the difference between silk and leather; we can smell and taste if milk is sour. But our sixth sense, our psychic sense, seldom develops very much. Because most of us ignore our psychic sense for so long, it takes some time to develop it. If you have never played soccer before, you cannot expect to be a good player after three lessons. It might take years to become really good. Psychic ability works the same way. 1. People use psychics ________. [A] mainly to see the future [B] to make money [C] to see what one cannot usually see [D] for many reasons 2. _______ learn to use their psychic ability. [A] Many people [B] Many companies [C] Few people [D] Few governments 3. Psychic abilities ________. [A] are similar to other senses [B] work in the same way as other senses [C] are different from other senses [D] work together with other senses 4. Our psychic sense seldom develops very much because ________. [A] we never sense it [B]. we never believe in it [C] we ignore it [D] we don't want to take time to train it 5. The attitude of the author towards psychic abilities is ________. [A] positive [B] negative [C] critical [D] neutral Passage 2 It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆) or decimum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of being abandoned, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wife's right to receive a tenth of all her husband's property. The wife had the right to hold back consent, in all transactions (交易) the husband would make. And more than just a right: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife. The wife shared in the management of her husband's personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the official in charge to have a contract as expected drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro's personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, "for the sake of peace." Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the Catalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position. 6. A decimum was ________. [A] the wife's inheritance from her father [B] a gift of money to the new husband [C] a written contract [D] the wife's right to receive one-tenth of her husband's property 7. In the society described in the passage, the legal standing of the wife in marriage was ________. [A] higher than that of her husband [B] lower than that of her husband [C] the same as that of her husband [D] higher than that of a single woman 8. What compensation did Maria Vivas get for the field? [A] Some of the land Miro had inherited [B] A tenth of Miro's land. [C] Money for household expenses. [D] Money from Miro's inheritance. 9. Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance? [A] No, under no circumstances. [B] Yes, whenever he wished to. [C] Yes, if she agreed. [D] Yes, if his father-in-law agreed. 10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system? [A] The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage. [B] The wife was protected from being abandoned. [C] The wife gained a powerful economic position. [D] The husband was given control over his wife's property Passage 3 Some cynical experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of city travel in the immediate future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present models. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main source of traffic congestion (拥挤) in cities. One proposed solution to this problem is the computerized highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make 2 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that a computerized highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. 11. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________. [A] its power source [B] its driving system [C] its monitoring system [D] its seating capacity 12. What is the author's main concern? [A] How to make automobiles pollution-free [B] How to abandon automobiles in the future. [C]How to solve the problem of traffic jams. [D]How to develop a computerized subway system. 13. What provides autos with electric power in a computerized highway system? [A] A rail. [B] An engine. [C] A retractable arm. [D] A computer controller. 14. In a computerized highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________. [A] keep in the right lane [B] wait to arrive at his destination [C] keep in constant touch with the computer center [D] inform the system of his destination by phone 15. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos? [A]Enthusiastic. [B]Cynical. [C]Optimistic. [D] Cautious. Passage 4Stock prices tumbled on Wall Street and across much of the rest of the world yesterday. They were driven sharply lower by worries over slowing economic growth in the United States and worsening borrowing conditions that could make everything from huge corporate buyouts to buying a new home more difficult. Major stock market gauges -- including the Dow Jones industrial average and the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index -- were down more than 2 percent. It was the worst one-day decline on Wall Street since markets plunged worldwide in late February after an investing scare in Shanghai, and it occurred amid the biggest volume of trading on the New York Stock Exchange in five years. Losses were comparable throughout Europe, and larger in many developing countries. ''The preconditions for a shock are in place,'' said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Economy.com. ''Until very recently investors were very nonchalant about risks.'' Stock markets have been volatile in recent weeks. Continued strong profits for many companies and an economic boom in Asia have helped push oil prices higher. Meanwhile, however, there are various signs of weakness in the American economy and new difficulties in borrowing for many homeowners and companies that are highly leveraged or have poor credit. The plunge came a day after the private equity firm buying Chrysler from DaimlerChrysler said it www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 3 would complete the transaction for the automaker despite an inability to borrow the money in credit markets, as had been planned. Banks will hold those loans, as they will for a similar deal involving Alliance Boots, a British pharmacy chain. Shares of DaimlerChrysler fell $4.11, to $88.91.'' There is fear, but not a fear of recession,'' said Bill Gross, chief investment officer of the Pacific Investment Management Company, known as Pimco, a large bond management firm. ''The fear is directed toward the question of who will be willing to lend $200 billion to provide takeout financing for previously announced private equity deals.'' Yesterday, the Dow industrials plunged 311.50 points, or 2.3 percent, to 13,473.57, while the S.& P. 500 dropped 35.43 points, or 2.3 percent, to 1,482.66. The Nasdaq composite index was down 48.83 points, or 1.8 percent, to 2,599.34. The S.& P. is still up 4.5 percent for the year, while the Dow is 8.1 percent higher. But the S.& P. has fallen 4.5 percent since reaching a record last week. In the last hour or so of trading, the major Wall Street indexes recovered about a third of their steepest losses for the day. Losses of more than 2 percent were recorded in Spain, France and Germany, while Britain, Argentina, Mexico and Brazil fell more than 3 percent. Asian markets fell less yesterday, closing before the worst selling began, but opened down sharply on Friday. 16.The passage is mainly_______. [A] a review of the current condition of the American and world stock market [B] an introduction of the world stock market [C] a survey of the stock deal of DaimlerChrysler [D] about the ups and downs of stock prices 17.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? [A] Currently it is more difficult for Americans to borrow money from banks for house purchase. [B] The losses from stock markets are similar in U.S. and some developing countries. [C] Investors were worried about the potential risks in stock market before yesterday. [D] Economic boom in Asia prevent its stock market from falling. 18. If you were an investor, you might be able to earn money if _______. [A] you held the shares of DaimlerChrysler [B] you purchased new shares when the stock market opened yesterday. [C] you bought and sold shares at the last one or two hours before closing [D] you didn?t trade any shares yesterday. 19.We can infer from the text that _______. [A] The Chrysler transaction will turn to be a failure. [B] The banks hold the loans because of Alliance Boots. [C] Bill Gross thinks the fear is from the huge amount of money. [D] The difficulty of borrowing leads to the shrinking prices of shares of DaimlerChrysler. 20. The writer?s attitude towards the current stock market is_______. [A] biased [B] objective [C] pessimistic [D] optimistic Passage 5In the next century we?ll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?” Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies? Probably not. Instead, we?ll reach again for a time tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium?s most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end. Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using 4 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ humans as means to other humans? ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality). The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us. Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry ware” machine, so that we could live on without the “wet ware” of a biological brain and body. The 20th century?s revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st century?s revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let?s turn the page now and get back to real science. 21.Dr. Frankenstein?s remarks are mentioned in the text_______ [A] to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs. [B] to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends. [C] to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago. [D] to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology. 22.It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed_______ [A] excessively and extravagantly. [B] reasonably and cautiously. [C] aggressively and indiscriminately. [D] openly and enthusiastically. 23.From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that_______ [A] DNA technology should be placed in the charge of individuals. [B] government should assume less control over individuals. [C] people need government to protect their DNA information. [D] old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning. 24.Judged from the information in the last paragraph, we can predict that the author is likely to write which of the following in the next section? [A] The reflection upon biotechnological morality. [B] The offensive invasion of our personal privacy. [C] The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants. [D] The present state of biotechnological research. 25.According to the last paragraph, “dry-ware” is to “wet-ware” as_______ [A] “collective” to “individual”. [B] “fictional” to “factual”. [C] “mechanical” to “corporeal”. [D] “temporary” to “permanent”. Passage 6Before a big exam, a sound night?s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 5 such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern — what is referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn (i.e., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door. 26.Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to_______ [A] how dreams are modified in their courses. [B] the difference between sleep and wakefulness. [C] why sleep is of great benefit to memory. [D] the functions of a good night?s sleep. 27.As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by_______ [A] intensely active brainwave traces. [B] subjects? quicker response times. [C] complicated memory patterns. [D] revival of events in the previous day. 28.By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show_______ [A] its significance in the study. [B] an inherent pattern being learnt. [C] its resemblance to the lights. [D] the importance of night?s sleep. 29.In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of_______ [A] exposing a long-held folk wisdom. [B] clarifying the predictions on dreams. [C] making contrasts and comparisons. [D] correlating effects with their causes. 6 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 30.What advice might Maquet give to those who have a crucial test the next day? [A] Memorizing grammar with great efforts. [B] Study textbooks with close attention. [C] Have their brain images recorded. [D] Enjoy their sleep at night soundly. Passage 7This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this month — more than three months after the accident — because there were “too many emotions, too many egos,” said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable” that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia?s left wing. Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA?s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia?s fatal return. Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia?s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re entry on Feb.1, melt it from inside. Among those decisions was the choice by NASA?s senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbia?s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday?s hearing. Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals” when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency?s inaction during the 16-day shuttle mission. “We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,” Gehman told senators. “We?re not quite so happy with the process.” The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit. Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from America?s most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbia?s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing. 31.This text is most probably taken from an article entitled “_______”. [A] Gehman?s Comments on Columbia Accident. [B] An Inquiry into Columbia Accident. [C] Shedding Light on Shuttle?s Safety. [D] NASA?s Problems Being Exposed. 32.The word “they” in the sentence “since they could place” (Para.3) denotes_______ [A] “damages”. [B] “answers”. [C] “decisions”. [D] “questions”. 33.According to the writer, what may chiefly be responsible for the Columbia accident? [A] A supposed damage to the left wing of the spacecraft. [B] The deliberate rejection of satellite images. [C] A sense of sentiment and arrogance involved. [D] The space agency?s inaction during its mission. 34.As mentioned in the text, the Wednesday?s hearing revolved around_______ www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 7 [A] the precise capabilities of spy satellites in orbit. [B] NASA?s indecisions against checking upon the Columbia. [C] NASA?s rejection of satellite images offered. [D] the coordination between NASA and military offices. 35.Which of the following can best describe Gehman?s attitude towards satellite images? [A] Apprehensive. [B] Credulous. [C] Indifferent. [D] Cautious. Passage 8When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread. The process of vaccination allows the patient?s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body?s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease?s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient?s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before. There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient?s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead. Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970?s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses. 36.The best title for the text may be_______ [A] “Vaccinations: A Blessing or A Curse.” [B] “Principles of Vaccinations.” [C] “Vaccines: Methods and Implications.” [D] “A Miracle Cure Under Attack.” 37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate? [A] The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines. [B] The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease. [C] The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease. [D] The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease. 38.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means_______ [A] dispose of it naturally. [B] fight it off with ease. [C] see to it reluctantly. [D] split it up properly. 8 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 39.Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority. [B] The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease. [C] Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace. [D] The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved. 40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is_______ [A] to comment and criticize. [B] to demonstrate and argue. [C] to interest and entertain. [D] to explain and inform. Passage 9War games are commonly used by the military to evaluate strategies, explore scenarios and reveal unexpected weaknesses. American ships and aircraft have just begun two weeks of war games in the Gulf, prompting protests from Iran, and last week South Korea carried out an annual computerised war-game exercise. Might war games deserve a greater role in business? Military analogies abound in the corporate world. Plenty of bosses look to Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese general, for management tips. And in business, as in war, outcomes depend on what others do, as well as one's own actions. Yet many firms fail to think systematically about how rivals will react to their plans—and traditional planning does a poor job of taking competitors' responses into account, says John McDermott, head of strategy at Xerox, an office-equipment company. Corporate war games, which simulate the interactions of multiple actors in a market, provide a better way to do so. Such games have two chief characteristics. First, players break into teams and take on the roles of fierce competitors (and sometimes other citizens, such as customers). Second, the games involve several turns, allowing competitors not just to draw up their own strategies but to respond to the choices of others. Their popularity is rising. Booz Allen Hamilton (BAH), a consultancy, is running 100 war games a year, up from around 50 three years ago. Open Options, a Canadian strategy consultancy, has been going since 1996 and its revenue doubled last year. BAH introduces a quantitative element into its games, calculating the effect of each team's strategy on their company's profits and stockmarket value at the end of each turn. Open Options takes a further step. To help Xerox understand the market dynamics of the print and copy industry, it ran a one-day workshop in which teams from Xerox took the roles of the big companies in the market, itself included. Each team identified the things “their” company could do to change its strategy and drew up a list of its desired outcomes; these “preference trees” were shared with the other teams. The results were then pumped into Open Options' proprietary software tools, which played out interactions between the companies and produced a range of possible outcomes. Mr McDermott says the game's predictive power was astonishing: one forecast, that a company would start to acquire a certain group of assets within the industry, came true within six months. By shedding light on areas where companies have different priorities, the concept of preference trees helps to highlight potential trade-offs, as well as competition. Open Options charges North American clients roughly $100,000 for an engagement. The secret of successful war-gaming does not simply lie in mathematics, however. Interaction, not algebra, is the best way to win support for a new strategy. Game-players must be senior for the same reason—although having the top boss on a team can stifle feedback. Strategies also have to capture competitors' hard-to-quantify corporate cultures: when designing a game, BAH seeks out employees at its clients who have actually worked at competitors for that reason. But perhaps war games' greatest value lies www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 9 in the way they encourage managers to think differently about the consequences of their actions. “To know your enemy, you must become your enemy,” as Sun Tzu would say. 41.The expression “abound in”(Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _______. [A] be limited [B] be appreciated [C] be driven [D] be plentiful 42. According to the text, traditional corporate planning _______. [A] has been completely abandoned. [B] fails to consider rivals? reactions. [C] includes the detailed analyses of strategies of all rival companies. [D] functions well for the development of most companies. 43. The positive effect of war games owes to the following EXCEPT_______. [A] the role playing of competitors [B] the composition of several turns [C] the introduction of quantitative factors [D] the rising popularity of the game 44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? [A] Both BAH and Open Options developed their own software tools for data analysis of war games. [B] The war game service expands slowly because of its high fee. [C] “Preference trees” refers to desired outcomes of the companies. [D] War game?s predictive ability is not convincing 45.Which of the following is NOT a reason for the success of war games? [A] feedback [B] mathematics [C] interaction [D] consideration of enemy Passage 10Rich Immigrants in Asia's financial capitals generally have life pretty easy. But this summer, those in Hong Kong and Singapore are starting to sweat. The problem? Sizzling real-estate markets that make even bankers blink, and international schools packed like the Tokyo subway at rush hour. One-bedroom flats in Hong Kong's most fashionable buildings now go for $5,000 per month. Office rents in Singapore have shot up 105 percent in the past year—the fastest appreciation rate in the world. For workers with kids, the picture is particularly bleak. Incoming students at international schools now land not in classes but on long waiting lists—unless their parents jump the queue by purchasing debentures that have sold for as much as $120,000 in Hong Kong. Asia's dueling financial hubs invest a lot of capital—real and emotional—in what's often cast as a zero-sum contest for the affection of foreign companies. Yet both cities have done so well wooing them of late that the major threat facing each isn't the other, but bottlenecks in the foreign infrastructure common to both. High-end housing costs are pushing past records set before the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, prompting Singapore's founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, to lament, "We must check this hike in rents or we will lose our competitiveness." Talent is getting tougher to find as both economies near full employment. Office rents are driving even the richest investment banks to seek cheaper alternatives to prime downtown addresses. And as both cities increase their populations by luring hundreds of thousands of additional outsiders over the coming decade, locals are getting squeezed. "There may be a political cost if Singaporeans feel priced out by foreigners," warns Charles Chong, head of a parliamentary committee on national development in Singapore. 10 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ Both cities are, in a sense, victims of their success. Each ranks among the most efficient spots on the planet to register new businesses. They boast world-class banking, accounting and legal services, undergirded by respect for contracts and commercial codes not found in the rest of Asia. In a region awash in cash from record trade surpluses, Chinese expansion and a flood of new stock listings, the cities have posted incredible GDP growth numbers of late—6.8 percent and 7.9 percent for Hong Kong and Singapore, respectively, last year. Given that local fertility rates are falling, both hubs hope to continue to fuel that boom via immigration. Singapore's Minister for National Development Mah Bow Tan expects the city-state's population to hit 6.5 million by 2027, up 2 million from today—which implies a yearly influx of 100,000 foreigners over the next two decades. Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang has said he envisions his city's population eventually surpassing 10 million—a 30 percent increase from today's total—thanks to "an injection of new blood from all nationalities." As the hubs grow more receptive to outsiders, new factors are ensuring that immigrants arrive in large numbers. Whereas globalization was once confined to big multinationals, today's expatriates work disproportionately for smaller-and medium-size companies. Nor are they predominantly European or North America anymore; China, India and South Korea are just three of the many countries now sending professionals abroad. 46. Foreigners in Hong Kong begin to sweat because _______. [A] the real-estate market is cooling down. [B] they cannot afford children?s tuition fee at international schools. [C] the city is over-populated. [D] the hiking rents are making life tougher. 47. We learn from the second paragraph that _______. [A] Hong Kong and Singapore consider each other as competitors. [B] both the two cities should not import foreigners. [C] the two cities share no common problem. [D] Lee Kuan Yew?s comment shows that he?s optimistic. 48. According to the text, local people in the two cities _______. [A] do not welcome overseas talents. [B] are facing worse living conditions. [C] are unsatisfied with the government. [D] are in full employment. 49. Which of the following is NOT the reason of the region?s abundance of capital? [A] efficiency of business registration [B] China?s development [C] booming stock market [D] benefit from trade 50. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that _______. [A] the conflict between population and rent in the two cities might be more serious. [B] most of the foreigners work in big multinational companies. [C] both cities will adopt measures to control population. [D] the influx of foreigners can damage local economy. 第三章 快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)第四节 强化训练 Passage 1Spiders Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 11 appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs. All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600 species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6,4,2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section(which you shouldn?t really)then their legs have 8 parts as well(coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, claws). There are more than 32,000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of atarantula?bite. All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices onto/into their prey and suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social do? What’s In a Name The word Arachnida comes from the Greek word Arachne, who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter of Zeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should not be lost to the world ever again. The Great Household Spider There are just over six hundred different sorts of spiders in the British Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spiders? mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends. The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32，000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than one millimeter long. 1. All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food. 2. Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings. 3. Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin. 4. After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athene into a spider. 5. Tim Tegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders; both are found in Britain. 6. So far 32,000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world. 7. Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family. 8. There are more than________ known species of spider in the world. 12 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 9. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by________ . 10. The largest spider is________. Passage 2How to be a traveling beauty this May holiday May Day holiday is a time for traveling. Go to the seaside, enjoy beautiful sunshine and soft breezes and let your mind and body both relax; hide away in a small town, amble on winding pebble tracks and melt into the romantic ambiance; or take up your backpack, go mountaineering, stretch your body and smell the fresh air…They all sound wonderful. But changing environments can pose threats to delicate skin. How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions. If you?re going to the seaside: Typical resort: Sanya Typical weather: 24-31? with strong ultraviolet sunrays and fresh air. Warm sunshine, fresh sea breezes, and moist air make the seaside an agreeable haven from Beijing?s dust. But excessive sun exposure can easily darken your skin, and of course most Chinese girls prefer fair skin. To prepare for a pleasing and beautiful sojourn (逗留) at the seaside take note of following: 1. Night time skin care Even if you?ve managed to block the sun in the daytime, give your skin a soothing rehabilitative (使复 原的) treatment in the evening. Cool your glowing skin with a product like La Mer?s newly released The Concentrate (50ml/RMB 3,700). 2. Shine in your bikini. At the seashore, your body is more in the spotlight than your face. To become a bikini beauty, you need to take care of every inch of your skin. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help prevent skin from darkening and roughening after too much sun and salt water. 3. Control excess oil. Never try to control oil with foundation that will clog pores (阻塞毛孔) when combined with sun block cream. Gentle oil-control products do a better job. 4. Hair care. Beautiful girls never use free hotel shampoos, they carry their own moisturizing restoring hair care products. Wash your face and hair with fresh water after swimming to get rid of salty residue (残余，滤渣), and remember to protect your hair from too much sun exposure. Recommended skin care products 1. SPF30/PA++sunscreen products. HR Premium SPF40/PA++(RMB 620) protects your skin from ultraviolet rays. 2. Soothing, moisturizing, and after-sun rehabilitating products. Olay Intensive Nourishing Emulsion (RMB 120) has natural hot spring microelements to give rapid relief to burned skin. 3. Gentle exfoliating scrubs. 4. Easy to carry oil-control products. 5. Moisturizing shampoo and hair protection products. Tips www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 13 1. Whitening is as important as wearing sunscreen. For dry skins, moisturizing products are a must. Laneige Water Sleeping Pack (RMB 150) is a good choice. 2. For sensitive skins, Nuskin Aloe Vera Gel complements sun block creams. Washing your face with lemonade stops skin from darkening and is refreshing. 3. Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. For drier skins, Chanel UV Essential SPF45 (RMB 450) is nice, but Shu Uemura UV under Base DF (RMB 350) is much fresher. If you?re going to a small town: Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, Zhejiang Typical weather: 11-25? with a lot of ultraviolet radiation As depicted in Teresa Teng?s popular song Xiaocheng Gushi (Small Town Romances), small-secluded charming Chinese towns are the scene of many romances. Pebble tracks, winding lanes and ancient low villas make romantic backdrop for lovers wandering hand-in-hand. To prepare for a romantic and sweet stay in a small town, take note of the following: 1. Go easy on the make up! To match your light-hearted mood we recommend the minimum of make-up. Basic skin care to keep your face healthy and glowing is enough. 2. Wear flirtatious (俏皮的) colors for special nights. Liquid foundation in heavy glass bottles and powdered blush or eye shadow is not easy to carry. So we recommend sun-blocking pressed powder, two-in-one brow pencil and eye liners, and products that can be used on both lips and cheeks. 3. Make-up removal. Remember to remove sun block creams at night. Try a moisturizing and relaxing mask, and we promise you a renewed glowing complexion the next day. Recommended skin care products 1. SPF15/PA+sun block face cream. Its small size makes Freeplus UV Day Protector (RMB 190, sun block and moisturizer) a good choice. 2. A multi-functional cosmetic case. Bobbi Brow?ns hand-sized palettes (RMB 380), including a foundation stick, creamy concealer, corrector, and sheer finish pressed powder are convenient. 3. Clear foundation. Maybelline Mousse White Stay (RMB 89) the mousse-like texture makes this foundation light, breathable, and easy to carry. 4. Make up remover. Lancome?s mild Gentle Clarifying and Cleaning Fluid (small set) is perfect for traveling and it does a good job of removing all make-up thoroughly. Tips 1. Apart from your daily skin care routine, traveling girls may also need protective lip cream, mascara (Maybelline is a good cheap choice), and fragrance (Try Anna Sui?s fresh Secret Wish Eau de Toilette). 2. For lazy girls, base creams are especially useful. Wearing just a base foundation cream is enough and saves the trouble of constantly reapplying foundation at romantic moments. Others may try creamy concealers and pressed powers. Adding blush (Watsons small tubes of blush are cheap/RMB20-30 and works well) will give a healthy glow. If you?re going mountaineering: 14 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ Typical resorts: Huashan, Shanxi; Huangshan, Anhui; Shennongjia, Sichuan Typical weather: 10-20?, a high level of ultraviolet radiation and dry air. Boys often complain that mountaineering girls with their disheveled (凌乱的) hair and no makeup don?t look attractive. In response to this, we recommend you use absolutely no makeup except for basic skin care. But looking beautiful without the aid of makeup isn?t easy! With all your mountaineering equipment in your backpack, there isn?t much room for skin care products. The key is to choose the most important ones only, such as the following: 1. Moisturizing products. Moisturizing and hydrating creams and masks help you become both sporty and ladylike. 2. Sun block products. Even though the sunshine is usually not too strong in the mountains, you should take care not to be burned by ultraviolet radiation. Fresh breathable SPF20-30 sun block products are recommended. 3. Facial cleaning pads. Easy to carry cleaning pads help you stay fresh and clean at all times. 4. Soothing creams. Compound soothing creams can be applied onto the skin directly to reduce inflammation and help you relax. 5. Lip conditioner and hand cream to prevent dryness caused by wind. Tips 1. Make sure you have enough moisturizing skin care products, including a cleanser, cream, lotion and mask, even at the expense of makeup products. 2. Secret recipe mask: While your boyfriend is away finding wood for the fire, apply a mashed banana to your face and leave for over ten minutes. Although tiny allergic symptoms (red swollen patches) may appear right after you rinse (冲洗掉, 漂净) off the mask, your face will be dazzling after a sound sleep. 1. Tips of how to stay beautiful through traveling are provided in the passage. 2. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub can help prevent skin from darkening. 3. Beautiful girls never use free hotel toothbrush. 4. Travelers had better not use special facial sun block creams on body. 5. Typical resorts to a small town are Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang and Sichuan. 6. If you?re going to Shanxi, you are recommended to use basic skin care. 7. Five tips are offered before you?re going mountaineering. 8. Typical temperature for going mountaineering is________ . 9. The name of the popular song mentioned in the passage is_________ . 10. To prevent dryness caused by wind in mountains, you should take ________. Passage 3 Airplane Instruments Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 15 ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane's speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it weren't for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)and various radio devices are necessary for navigation. Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals. Airplane Construction Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes. The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people. Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe. Airport An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings. Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports. One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares (18 000 acres).Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year. Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares (50 to 100 acres).They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level. Runways Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today's big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph (100 mph).When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding 16 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥青).They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding. Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land. Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m(10 000 ft). At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely. Control Towers People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway. Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA).When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar (PAR).This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4km(0.25mi)of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS).In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically. Terminal Buildings Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification. Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers. 1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes. 2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot. 3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers. 4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones. 5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. 6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets. 7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport. 8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with _________ . www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 17 9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through____________ . 10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers__________________. Passage 4 The Power of Personal Attitudes Each of us is made up of various physical, vital, and mental parts. There is our physical body and its organs, muscles, etc; the vital being with its sensations, emotions and feelings, and the mental part with its thoughts, memories, reasoning power, beliefs, etc. Somewhere between our emotions and our thought processing lie our attitudes -- our emotional perceptions about life, about others, even towards our own selves. Attitudes generally express positively and negatively. E.g. when I have good feelings towards my work or towards others, the attitude is positive. When I feel reluctant to do certain things that are necessary, or show hostility towards certain individuals, then my attitude is negative. Attitudes About Ourselves, Others, Life Though we have many attitudes about all aspects of life, if we look a little closer we can identify three basic types—those that have to do with ourselves, those we have about others and the objects around us, and those we have towards life itself. An example of a negative attitude about ourselves is having low self-esteem, or low self-confidence. An example of a wanting attitudes about others is a feeling ill will towards another person, or being mistrustful of others. An example of a negative attitude towards life is being pessimistic that things will never turn out well. The good news however is that if we change any negative attitude to the positive, life tends to quickly respond. Consider this true story, where a person changed her attitude about certain people: A woman was working as a temporary employee for a large medical organization. For months, she complained about certain coworkers at her job. At the time, she had decided to develop a 30-day plan to secure a full-time position. One part of her plan was to change her attitude toward these particular individuals. In the days that followed, she persisted in following her plan, especially focusing on her wanting attitude toward others. She was shocked however when a month into her plan, she was suddenly asked to work for the organization full time -- her first non-temporary job in nearly a decade! That is the power of changing a negative attitude toward others. Negative Expressions Attracts Negative Response So far we have indicated that changing a negative attitude can attract sudden instances of good fortune. Inversely, if we take to a negative attitude, we can attract instances of bad fortune. For example, if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise. A man “A” met a fellow instructor “B” before a class he was to perform that day. One of the things they discussed were problems they had experienced in earlier classes. In particular, A kept talking about how the students at a certain client were particularly difficult to work with. He persisted in expressing his feelings. Though that instructor rarely had problems with his students, later on that day, as well as in the next two classes, he had a series of difficulties with his students! As we see, when we express negative sentiment in life—whether it is ill will towards certain individuals or complaining about situations—we tend to elicit ill fortune. The best approach then is to avoid all negative expressions or complaining about others. In our moment-to-moment activities, we need to be mindful of our thoughts and feelings, and catch any negative expression—whether it us a flawed attitudes, a limited opinions, or a hasty, reflexive reaction. This is indeed serious business, because such expressions can literally destroy a work. 18 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ The Power of an Overall Positive Attitude In addition to having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, it is always best to have an overall positive attitude. Here?s another real-life incident to show you what I mean: A management consultant was hoping to have a key meeting with the principle officers of a company with over $100 billion in assets. For days, he fretted about the deal as the potential client failed to contact him. He developed greater and greater doubts that the meeting would ever take place. Finally, he remembered that it was important to have a positive attitude in these situations. He decided to change his attitude about the potential meeting from worry and concern to being positive. A very short time later, he was contacted by the client that the meeting could in fact take place. He was thrilled. In addition, years of high-level consulting work followed with the client! That is the power of having a generally positive attitude. “I have a meeting with G, an important audio salesperson. We work through a system to get him committed and productive. We discuss the fact that he must commit. During the meeting, I am conscious of my attitude that is negative about our chances of success. I struggle to reverse them. We are then interrupted as the store is then filled with customers, and a good one for that salesperson to boot!” An overall positive attitude has the power to attract sudden good fortune from the world around us. We have also seen that when difficult circumstances come in your way, and you do not get overwrought by them, maintaining a positive calm attitude, life can suddenly reverse and cancel the problem or otherwise bring sudden instances of good fortune. 1. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the main parts of our physical body. 2. Our attitudes are our emotional perceptions about life and about others. 3. One?s low self-esteem shows a negative attitude about himself. 4. Even if we change any negative attitude to the positive, life will not change at all. 5. The story of the woman who finds a job by changing her attitude towards others shows us the power of changing a positive attitude toward others. 6. If we speak positively about another person, good things will happen. 7. The story about the man “A” and the man “B” shows us if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise. 8. When we express negative sentiment in life, the best approach is to avoid _________ about others. 9. Besides having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, we should _________. 10. When difficult circumstances come in your way, __________ can help you to reverse life and cancel the problem. Passage 5 How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations. The Text Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 19 within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu. Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body. Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only. Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background. Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles. Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation. Don?t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished. The Background Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don?t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read. The Clips Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships. The Presentation If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. 20 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you?re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu. Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don?t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation. You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you?ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once. Miscellaneous Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs. 1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint. 2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should be complicated. 3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other. 4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of each word. 5. Centering bulleted lists or text can help to read. 6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible. 7. When importing flashes, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes. 8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience_________. 9. Pressing the E key can help you to __________. 10. In order to ________, you can make changes at the “slide master” level. Passage 6 Natural Disasters Earthquakes When the Earth Moves Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates—individual sections that make up the Earth?s surface like panels on a football. Immense strain accumulates along fault lines where adjacent plates meet. When the rock separating the plates gives way, sudden seismic ground-shaking movement occurs. Of course, if we want to know why earthquakes happen, we need to dig a little deeper. Centre of the Earth www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 21 The Earth is made up of three main layers: The core is at the centre of the Earth. The mantle is a mobile semi-molten layer around the core. The outer-shell of the Earth is called the crust. Scientists call this the lithosphere—it?s the part we?re on now. The crust is made up of 12 individual tectonic plates. Below the sea, they can measure three to six miles (4km-9.6km) thick and under land this increases to 20-44 miles (32km-70.8km). Below the crust, radiation from the Earth?s core heats the semi-molten mantle to temperatures of over 5000?C. All fluids when heated—even molten rock—are affected by a process called convection. That makes hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. Tectonic plates effectively float on the mantle, like croutons in a bowl of super-heated soup. But these plates and constantly move due to the convection current. Of course, they creep along very slowly—roughly the same speed your fingernails grow. Even at this sub snail-pace, the effects can be devastating. The combined annual force of earthquakes is equal to 100,000 times the power of the atomic bombs that flattened Hiroshima. The point where the seismic activity occurs is the epicentre, where the earthquake is strongest. But it doesn?t always end there; seismic waves travel out from the epicentre, sometimes creating widespread destruction as they pass. Volcanoes Without doubt, erupting volcanoes are the most awesome and terrifying sights in nature. In fact, their untamed destructive firepower has shaped and influenced many ancient cultures from Pompeii, to Japan. It?s estimated that one in ten of the World?s population live within “danger range” of volcanoes. According to the Smithsonian Institute, there are 1511 “active” volcanoes across the globe, and many more dormant ones that could recharge at any moment. When tectonic plates collide，like earthquakes, volcanoes form at weak-points in the Earth?s crust, known as “fault-lines”. When two tectonic plates collide, the event can provide the catalyst for volcanic activity. As one section slides on top of the other, the one beneath is pushed down into the mantle. Water trapped in the crust can cause reactions within the mantle. Why? Well, it?s thought that when the water mixes with the mantle, it lowers the mantle?s melting point, and the solid mantle melts to form a liquid, known as „magma?. Under Increasing Pressure Since liquid rock is less dense than solid rock, magma begins to rise through the Earth?s crust. It forces its way up, melting surrounding rock and increasing the amount of magma. Magma only stops rising when the pressure from the rock layer above it becomes too great. It gathers below the Earth?s surface in a “magma chamber”. When the pressure increases in the chamber, the crust finally gives way and magma spews out onto the Earth?s surface forming a volcano. When it reaches the surface, magma becomes known as “lava”. Volcanic eruptions vary in intensity and appearance depending on two factors: the amount of gas contained in the magma. its viscosity—how runny it is. In general, the explosive eruptions come from high gas levels and high viscosity in the magma. Whilst lava floes result from magmas with low gas levels and low viscosity. Mount Etna Over millions of years, lava and ash from eruptions might build up to form a mountainous volcano like Mt Etna in Italy. Hurricanes By definition, a hurricane is fierce rotating storm with an intense centre of low pressure that only happens in the tropics. In south-east Asia they?re known as typhoons and in the Indian Ocean, cyclones. 22 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ They cause high winds, huge waves, and heavy flooding. In 1998, Hurricane Gilbert produced 160mph winds, killing 318 people, and devastating Jamaica. A tropical storm can only be classified as a hurricane if it sustains wind speeds above 73mph or force 12 on the Beaufort Scale. Each year about 50 tropical storms reach hurricane status. One of the most powerful of all weather systems, hurricanes are powered by the heat energy released by the condensation of water vapour. However, the conditions have to be exact for a hurricane to form, with the sea?s surface temperature being above 26.5?C. How Hurricanes Happen Air above warm tropical water rises quickly as it is heated by the sea. As the air rises it rotates or spins creating an area of low pressure, known as the eye of the storm. The eye can be clearly seen on satellite pictures, and is usually eerily calm. The hurricane only moves slowly at speeds of 20-25mph bringing torrential rain and thunderstorms and very strong winds. However, they also cause flooding on low lying coastlines with a phenomenon known as a “storm surge”. Storm Surge This is caused by the intense low pressure at the eye of a hurricane, combining with the effect of strong winds. The sea rises 1cm for every millibar of pressure - if the pressure is 930 millibar, the sea surge will be about 80 cm. Hurricanes can raise the seas surface by as much as 4m. The hurricane winds push the surge along in front of its path. When this surge hits low-lying coasts, the effects can be devastating. In addition to the sea surge, flooding can also result from torrential rain falling from the storm clouds. Once it reaches the mainland, a hurricane may cause widespread damage for a few days, but with no warm water to supply heat, they quickly die out. 1. Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates that make up the Earth?s surface. 2. The Earth is made up of four main layers: the core, the mantle, the crust and the magma. 3. It is the convection that make hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. 4. The earthquake at the epicenter is weakest. 5. Both of volcanoes and earthquakes form at weak-points in the Earth?s crust when tectonic plates collide,. 6. Magma will fall through the Earth?s crust if the liquid rock is less dense than solid rock. 7. Mt Etna in Italy produced 160mph winds and killed 296 people in 2000. 8. A hurricane is defined as a fierce rotating storm with an intense centre of low pressure that_______. 9. Torrential rain, __________ are always brought by the hurricane. 10. If there is no warm water to supply heat, the hurricane will______. Passage 7 Younger Artists Struggle to Excite Buyers As the senior global specialist and vice president for Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby?s in New York, Zhang Xiaoming travels to China almost every month. Here she usually meets collectors and dealers. When her schedule allows, she also takes the time to check out artists? studios and their latest productions. But Zhang admits to finding it increasingly difficult on recent visits to be "touched" by the new works that she has seen. "Maybe there are great works that have not been discovered, but from what I see, many artists are repeating themselves and the market for younger artists’ works is overpriced," she said. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 23 "The most important artists coming out of China, those who have been celebrated by international collectors, are artists who created works at very difficult times, and were inspired by their tradition, history and culture." "These works are really deeply connected to their own culture and their own traditions," Zhang said. "But what is happening right now is a lot of younger artists coming to the market have a lack of spirituality. For me it’s hard to read what their artwork is about. Today some of the artists that fetch high prices may not last over the longer term." Zhang is one of several market professionals who have raised concerns that Chinese contemporary art could be becoming overpriced, and might be heading for an inevitable correction, after recording stellar gains of about 40 percent each year for the past two years.examda.com Still, if the latest auction results for Asian contemporary artwork at Christie’s are anything to go by, buyers are still extremely bullish, though increasingly selective. The inaugural evening sale of Asian Contemporary Art at Christie’s in Hong Kong raised 318.38 million Hong Kong dollars, or $40.8 million, well above the presale estimate of 174.6 to 231.8 million dollars. Christie’s was offering a small, highly selective list of high-caliber works by leading artists, including Zeng Fanzhi, Yue Minjun, Zhang Xiaogang, Cai Guoqiang and Takashi Murakami, and the buyers snapped them up. Only two of the 34 lots failed to meet their reserve and several records were set, including a new world auction record for any Chinese contemporary artwork, for Zeng Fanzhi?s monumental "Mask Series 1996 No.6"which sold for 75.3 million dollars. "There was quite an even bidding between the room and the phones, though the phones seem to win in the end on the top lots," said Eric Chang, head of Asian contemporary art and Chinese 20th century art at Christie’s. "I think this evening sale has opened another gate for Asian contemporary art." The auction continued equally strongly Sunday, with 341 lots raising 253.1 million dollars. While many buyers remain enthusiastic, they are also becoming more discerning. "Gweong-Gweong,"by Yue Minjun, sold for 54 million dollars, a record for the artist and well above the 4.9 million dollars that it fetched in November 2005. But "Great Solidarity", painted by Yue in 1992, was one of the lots that failed to sell, despite being a historically significant piece that established the artist?s trademark motif of rows of repeated figures of himself. "I think that piece had some condition issues," Chang said. "The market is more mature now and collectors will select the good quality pieces in best condition." Interest was not confined to Chinese contemporary art. The weekend auction set records for 29 Japanese artists, 10 Indian artists and 10 Korean ones. "Interest in Japanese contemporary art was very strong," Chang said. "In general, pieces sold for between three to 10 times their estimates." The market for Japanese contemporary art, which has embraced subcultures like manga, anime, fantasy and technology, has seen an incredible explosion in interest in recent months, helping to feed an increase of nearly threefold in total sales receipts at Christie?s Hong Kong auctions to 36.1 million dollars this past autumn from 12.5 million dollars in the spring of 2007. "Japanese prices have been driven up by interest from Asian buyers," said Zhang Xiaoming, head of Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby’s in New York. "In fact, they are outperforming Chinese artists, but because they’re starting from a lower base, prices are still lagging behind those of Chinese." Korean contemporary artists have also started to make some waves, although they still have to develop the salesroom buzz that surrounds the Japanese. In contrast to all the exuberance in the contemporary market, however, interest in Chinese 20th century art is showing signs of fatigue. 24 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ In the second evening sale Saturday, featuring Chinese 20th century work, only 73 percent of the 26 lots were sold, raising 151.4 million dollars —within the estimate of 130.7 million to 168.3 million dollars but lacking in excitement. The next day went a little better, when 83 percent of the lots were sold, raising another 91.1 million dollars. "Some pieces went very high, but maybe the estimates were on the high side,"Chang acknowledged. Of six lots by the Taiwanese artist Kuo Po Chuan, only one was sold. "Sunset at Danshui" went for 2.64 million dollars, at the lower end of its estimate of 2.5 million to 3 million dollars. His star lot, "The Forbidden City", estimated at 5 million to 7 million dollars, failed to find a buyer. A piece from the same series was sold for a less-than-expect-ed 27.2 million dollars at a Sotheby?s Hong Kong auction last month. "Chinese collectors might have been turned off by the latest developments on the local stock market, as well as the Sichuan earthquake," he said. "But I think the market prices will come back up." 1. Zhang Xiaoming has settled in China and she found that the Chinese contemporary art really touches her. 2. According to Zhang, many artists are repeating themselves. 3. Zhang thinks tradition, history and culture are the sources of the artists?inspiration. 4. Zhang is the senior global specialist and vice president for Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby’s in New York. 5. Some market professionals including Zhang pointed out that some Chinese contemporary artworks are overpriced and most collectors have began to realize it.examda.com 6. Chinese contemporary artworks are the most popular among the collectors. 7. Japanese contemporary artworks sold badly in the auction. 8. Eric Chang, head of Asian contemporary art and Chinese 20th century art at Christie’s thinks that the market is very mature now and the buyers will _______________. 第四章十五选五 第二节 强化训练 Passage 1The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe the invention, both in writing and with drawings, and __47__ the description with a model to a government official. If the invention was judged to be ___48__ and beneficial, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could ___49__ their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not ___50__ any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could ___51__ anyone of using the patented idea with- out paying the owner of the patent for ___52__ to use it. A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this governmental protection, the government published the patent __53___ , which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general__54_technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for__55__.The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might ___56__ be kept as trade secrets. A) license B) however C) accuse D) submit E) convenient F) permission G) enable H) free I ) specifications J ) yield K) issue L) charge M) available N) otherwise O) original Passage 2The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily 1 with sheer physical www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 25 survival and beyond that its own economic 2 . Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little 3 . As the society became more complex, the 4 of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many of other members. 5 , viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes 6 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their will-being. This new 7 of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge (猛增)of interest in child- 8 techniques. People today spend a 9 portion of their time conferring(探讨)on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person?s child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing. The socialization of the 10 child in the United States is a two-way communication between parent and child rather than a one-way parent to child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems. A prosperity B status C protecting D rearing E contemporary F reveal G curiosity H concerned I consideration J consequently K view L considerable M stimulated N consistently O reserving Passage 3Citing an epidemic of obesity, Surgeon General Dr. David Satcher, today called on communities and schools to help children and adults lose weight and stay 1 Satcher 2 schools as central to efforts to prevent and decrease excess weight problems, and recommended they 3 physical education programs and provide healthy food alternatives. Communities also must offer safe places to exercise, he 4 . “Many people believe that dealing with overweight and obesity is a personal responsibility,” Satcher states. “To some degree they are right, but it is also a community responsibility.” An estimated 300,000deaths may be 5 to obesity in the United States each year, and more than 60% of adults in 1999 could be 6 as overweight or obese,7 to the new report from the surgeon general. But the problem is not just a concern for adults. The prevalence of obesity for adolescents has nearly 8 in the past two decades, making early intervention all the more critical. 26 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ According to the report, in 1999, 13 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 11 and 14 percent of those aged 12 to 19 were overweight. And the younger a person begins to carry excess weight, the 9 the potential impact on their future quality of life. Weight gain and obesity are major 10 to poor health, increasing the risk of a number of medical conditions including heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and even certain cancers. A purchase B classified C urged D interview E tripled F contributors G moreover H healthy Passage 4 I greater J attributed K improve L deal Passage 4The weather prediction for Asia in 2050 read like a script from a doomsday(世M according N checkout O identified 界末日) movie. Except many climatologists and green groups fear they will come 1 unless there is a concerted global effort to rein(驾驭) in greenhouse gas 2 . In the decades to come, Asia--home to more than half the world?s 6.3 billion people--will lurch(倾斜) 3 one climate extreme to another, with impoverished farmers battling droughts, floods, 4 , food shortages and rising sea levels. “It?s not a pretty picture,” said Steve Sawyer, climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam. Global warming and changes to weather 5 are already occurring and there is enough excess carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to 6 . Already, changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come, Sawyer and top climate bodies say, and could lead to mass migration and widespread humanitarian 7 . According to predictions, glaciers will 8 faster, some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate or build sea defenses, storms will become more intense and insect and water-borne diseases will move into new areas as the world 9 . Experts say environmental 10 such as deforestation and pollution will likely magnify the impacts of climate change. A come B scholarship C melt D emissions E effort F patterns G crises H true Passage 4 I conceive J warms K disease With M degradation N long O from Passage 5What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We?re 48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 49 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经 济作物) wasn?t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 50 ways of doing it. The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation?s food has come to be 51 by imports — pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country?s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 27 Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation?s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 52 . But strong opinions have not brought 53. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The 55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It?s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It?s what we eat — and how we 56 it with friends, family, and strangers — that help define America as a community today. A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty E. constant F. defined G. vanish H. adapted I. creative J. belief K. suspicious L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals Passage 6 There?s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain—something projected by the same computer 50 that often can?t get next week?s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn?t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles. Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1?F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren?t pretty. Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities. The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn?t be out of mind, because they are omens of what?s in store for the 56 of the planet. A. remote B. techniques C. consisting D. rest E. willing F. climate G. skill H. appetite I. melting J. vanishing K. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful 第五章 完形填空(Cloze)Test 1 From Boston to Los Angeles, from NewYork City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale __1__ programs. These programs already have 2 altered facades and floor plans or 3 to do so in the not too distant future. In New York City alone, six major institutions have __4_ up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so. The reasons 5 this confluence (汇合) of activity are complex, but one factor is a 6__ everywhere——space. With collections 7 each year, with the needs and functions of museums changing, empty space has become a very precious 8 for all the people. Probably 9 in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed 10 space for decades and which received its last 11 facelift ten years ago. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly __12 in considering 28 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ acquisitions and donations 13 art, in some cases passing up opportunities to 14 its collections. Decreasing or selling off works of art __15 new importance because of the museum's space problems. And 16 , curators have been forced to rearrange the gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public _ 17__ while another is sent to _18 in the warehouse (仓库). _19 the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however, "the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its__20 in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president. 1. A. expanding B. expanded C. expansion D. expand 2. A. radically B. unnoticeably C. unassumingly D. modestly 3. A. are expecting B. is expecting C. are expected D. is expected 4. A. scattered B. spread C. established D. increased 5. A. among B. from C. for D. why 6. A. consideration B. thinking C. measurement D. calculation 7. A. increased B. increasing C. having increased D.having been increased 8. A. phenomenon B. value C. treasure D. commodity 9. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. wherever 10. A. excessive B. extreme C. additional D. unnecessary 11. A. significant B. noticeable C. evident D. visible 12. A. careful B. wary C. distrustful D. cautious 13. A. of B. for C. in D. from 14. A. purchase B. order C. strengthen D. select 15. A. has attached B. has invested C. has demonstrated D. has taken 16. A. gradually B. increasingly C. slowly D. regularly 17. A. view B. performance C. appreciation D. access 18. A. store B. storing C. storage D. storeroom 19. A. For B. Through C. Despite D. Though 20. A. enclosure B. envelope C. sphere D. territory Test 2From childhood to old age, all of us have to use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first 1 _ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2 _ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind's future __3__ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is __4 __ for our ability to produce and use languages. They _ 5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents (支持者) of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _ 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 29 critical ___10___ times for language development. Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed. __16__ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess languages. This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their children's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated 2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite 3. A. attainment B. feasibility C. entertainment D. evolution 4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible 5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince 6. A. for B. from C. of D. from 7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children 8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion 9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike 10. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological 11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation 12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In other words 13. A. various B. different C. higher D. the lower 14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved 15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions 16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When 17. A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated 18. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction 19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative 20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all Test3One of the most popular literary __1__ in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China. In her lifetime she __2__ the most highly acclaimed literary award in the Unite States: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary __3__ in the world, the Nobel Prize 30 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ __4__ Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a __5__ word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific (多 产的) literary __6__, which consisted __7__ of some works, including several dozen novels, 6 collections of short stories, 14 books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was 80 years old, some 25 volumes were __8__ publication. Many of those books were __9__ China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life __10__ as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the __11__ of those two cultures she became, as she __12__ herself, "mentally bifocal (双焦点的). " Her unique __13__ made her into an unusually __14__ and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be __15__ that we are in fact __16__ three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist (慈善家). One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning __17__ each of the three. Though __18__ in her lifetime with even the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, Pearl Buck as a __19__ human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating (迷人的) __20__ of study. 1. A. figures B. persons C. people D. writers 2. A. obtained B. achieved C. result D. earned 3. A. achievement B. recognition C. contribution D. creation 4. A. for B. to C. in D. on 5. A. familiarized B. recognizable C. mysterious D. household 6. A. output B. conception C. invention D. productivity 7. A. publishing B. published C. publicity D. publicized 8. A. waiting B. waited for C. awaited for D. awaiting 9. A. set in B. set aside C. set up D. set off 10. A. acted B. served C. provided D. supplied 11. A. outcome B. mixture C. product D. combination 12. A. called B. named C. termed D. described 13. A. history B. background C. setting D. childhood 14. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. disinterest 15. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. responsive 16. A. dealing B. meeting C. analyzing D. distinguishing 17. A. from B. of C. about D. on 18. A. honor B. honorable C. honoring D. honored 19. A. comprehensive B. total C. complete D. genuine 20. A. topic B. area C. theme D. subject Test 4Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another part of the country is especially __1__ www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 31 when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions __2__ : ( 1 ) a comfortable and familiar mode of transportation, (2) knowledge of the country's language and system of money, (3) __3__ with the customs and habits of the people in the country, and (4) nice travel __4__. All of us have had nice trips __5__ this. In fact, we have good __6__ of an enjoyable, relaxing trip. Most of us have also had trips that we would __7__ to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad __8__ experience. For example, if the four conditions __9__ above do not exist, we will __10__ have a bad experience, or at a difficult __11__. Students who travel to another country to __12__ often have a difficult trip. They __13__ travel alone, they don't know the language of the new country __14__, they are not familiar with the money system and so on. They often arrive in the new country at a huge __15__ airport. From the airport, they need to __16__ their way to the city where their school is. Maybe they need to __17__ airplanes, to take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country __18__ everything is unfamiliar: the language, the money, the people, the cities, and the weather. Later, after the experiences are over, they __19__ laugh. But certainly at the __20__ , they feel terrible. 1. A. enjoyable B. amusing C. happy D. favorable 2. A. include B. exclude C. conclude D. contain 3. A. awareness B. understanding C. interest D. familiarity 4. A. friends B. companions C. colleagues D. companies 5. A. like B. as C. towards D. for 6. A. memories B. impressions C. opinions D. pictures 7. A. like B. have C. want D. need 8. A. trip B. tour C. travel D. visit 9. A. outlined B. talked C. discussed D. listed 10. A. impossibly B. probably C. completely D. partly 11. A. one B. a C. that D. this 12. A. study B. play C. experience D. inspect 13. A. hardly B. rarely C. particularly D. usually 14. A. yet B. too C. either D. already 15. A. national B. international C. domestic D. local 16. A. watch B. notice C. see D. find 17. A. alter B. board C. take D. change 18. A. where B. when C. whose D. which 19. A. need B. shall C. may D. must 20. A. airport B. country C. time D. day Test 5Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers (地理学家) compare and contrast __1__ places on the earth. But they also __2__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __3__. The word geography comes from two Greek words, "ge', the Greek word for 32 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ "earth" and "graphein", __4__ means "to write". The English word " geography" means "to describe the earth". __5__ geography books focus on a small area __6__ a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an __7__ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another __8__ to divide the study of __9__ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former __10__ on the natural world; the __11__ starts with human beings and __12__ how human beings and their environment act __13__ each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, __14__ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described __15__ one who observes, records, and explains the __16__ between places in the world. If places were __17__, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __18__ no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __19__, is a point of view, a special way of __20__ at places. 1. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous 2. A) pass B) reach C) go D)set 3. A) whole B) unit C) part D) total 4. A) what B) when C)which D) where 5. A) Some B)Many C) Most D)Few 6. A) outside B) except C) at D) like 7. A) extensive B) entire C) overall D) enormous 8. A) way B) means C) habit D) technique 9. A) world B) earth C) geography D) globe 10. A) focuses B) studies C) researches D) observes 11. A) second B) later C) next D) latter 12. A) learns B) studies C) realizes D) understands 13. A) upon B) for C) between D) among 14. A) neither B) either C) one D) each 15. A) over B) to C) as D) by 16. A) exceptions B) sameness C) differences D) divisions 17. A) likely B) likeable C) liking D) alike 18. A) although B) whether C) since D) that 19. A) still B) then C) nevertheless D) moreover 20. A) working B) looking C) arriving D) getting Test 6Have you ever felt trapped in a job you hate? __1__ you are ready to move forward and find a more fulfilling position, career transition (过渡，变迁) specialist Gregg Taylor has a few __2__ to help deal with the emotional side of __3__ your job. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 33 When writing your resignation letter, keep it short and __4__ the point. Express your gratitude for the __5__ and state your resignation date. "You don't need to __6__ them much, "says Taylor. "Keep things as simple as possible, and as quiet as possible. " Keep the details to yourself. It will lessen any tension from the time you __7__ in your resignation letter until the day you leave. __8__, be sure to complete any __9__ you are working on. This is just good __10__ and common sense for everybody, __11__ if you plan on asking for a reference. Use up any __12__ vacation time and sick days. __13__ and location are key. Taylor suggests booking a conference room to break the __14__ to your boss. A neutral __15__ will give you a better chance of __16__ your boss' reaction. Taylor also suggests conducting the meeting in the morning, early in week. This gives your boss time to __17__ from the news. Give your employer appropriate notice. "They may not be __18__ about your leaving, but they will __19__ being given enough notice to find your __20__ and for you to assist in training the new person," says Taylor. 1. A) If B) Because C) Until D) Although 2. A) plans B) warnings C) tips D) comments 3. A) finding B) improving C) finishing D) leaving 4. A) to B) on C) at D) in 5. A) process B) experience C) choice D) resignation 6. A) thank B) tell C) impress D) give 7. A) fill B) end C) take D) hand 8. A) Indeed B) Therefore C) Also D) However 9. A) project B) form C) scheme D) report 10. A) deeds B) manners C) intentions D) relations 11. A) especially B) specifically C) finally D) surely 12. A) relaxing B) rewarding C) refreshing D) remaining 13. A) Timing B) Date C) Period D) Chance 14. A) silence B) record C) promise D) news 15. A) setting B) attitude C) position D) opinion 16. A) predicting B) controlling C) observing D) understanding 17. A) recover B) escape C) select D) benefit 18. A) angry B) curious C) happy D) worried 19. A) enjoy B) regret C) resent D) appreciate 20. A) consideration B) promotion C) replacement D) motivation Test 7Silence is unnatural to man. He begins his life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In the __2__ he 34 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ does all he can to make a noise and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than the __3__ of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to __4__ a dreadful (糟透的，讨厌的) silence. If he is introduced to someone, and a number of __5__ occur in the conversation he regards himself as a failure and is full of __6__ of the empties-headed chatterbox. He knows that 99% of human conversation means no more than the buzzing (嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he __7__ to join in the buzz, and to __8__ that he is a man and not a wax-work figure. The __9__ of a conversation is usually not to communicate ideas, but to __10__ up all the buzzing sound. __11__, most buzzing is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable to the __12__. A man would be very __13__ if he waited until he had a wise thought before taking part in the buzzing with others. Those who despise (鄙视，看不起) the weather as a conversational __14__ seem to me to be __15__ of the reason why human beings wish to talk. __16__, very few human beings join in a conversation in which they are __17__ allowed to go on making a noise into other people?s ears, though they have nothing to tell them __18__ that they have seen two or three new plays or __19__ they have had bad food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of the evening during which they have said nothing meaningful __20__ immense length they congratulate themselves on their success as talkers. 1. A) ends B) finishes C) consumes D) renews 2. A) interpretation B) interval C) process D) life 3. A) disturbance B) avoidance C) presence D) absence 4. A) cause B) make C) prevent D) forbid 5. A) interruptions B) mistakes C) intervals D) pauses 6. A) envy B) hatred C) love D) anger 7. A) longs B) thinks C) dislikes D) agrees 8. A) mean B) find C) say D) prove 9. A) meaning B) object C) topic D) obligation 10. A) get B) turn C) keep D) take 11. A) Fortunately B) Unfortunately C) Surprisingly D) Terribly 12. A) mentality B)spirit C) mind D) belief 13. A) sensible B) insensitive C) foolish D) wise 14. A) opening B) vacancy C) hole D) content 15. A) ignorant B) conscious C) aware D) regardless 16. A) Therefore B) Accordingly C) However D) Furthermore 17. A) completely B) totally C) luckily D) merely 18. A) except B) for C) in D) besides www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 35 19. A) which B) how C) if D) that 20. A) with B) at C) to D) toward Test 8Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed it to be. Astronauts who are __1__ to go there in the next decade may find plenty __2__ water to slake (消除) their thirst. And with water present the __3__ of finding some sort of life on Mars are __4__ brighter. This is the view of 40 __5__ all over the world who have been analyzing __6__ of pictures and other scientific __7__ obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies. To begin with scientists thought the Red Planet was as __8__ as the Moon with dust storms swirling over vast sandy __9__. But now the picture is very different with mountains and valleys carved by __10__ glaciers and torrential rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground. In a report on the __11__ of the Martian pictures Dr. Michael Car of the US Geological Survey comments: "I am __12__ there's lots of water on Mars. " Any surface water will be in the __13__ of ice. But it could save explorers __14__ to take so much fresh __15__ with them. The report says __16__ Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages __17__ due to its axis having been more steeply tilted towards the Sun. __18__ convincing signs of plant or animal life have been __19__ by instruments soft landed on Mars, __20__ only the immediate vicinity (靠近) of landing vehicles could be examined. 1. A) expected B) hoped C) required D) eager 2. A) to B) of C) more D) in 3. A) chances B) openings C) occasions D) opportunities 4. A) quite B) very C) much D) more 5. A) biologists B) geologists C) sociologists D) psychologists 6. A) lots B) quantities C) thousand D) thousands 7. A) tidings B) news C) intelligence D) information 8. A) peaceful B) quiet C) lifeless D) dead 9. A) deserts B) mountains C) seas D) rivers 10. A) energetic B) great C) massive D) mighty 11. A) diagnosis B) syntheses C) analysis D) analyses 12. A) convinced B) guaranteed C) believed D) proved 13. A) appearance B) mould C) form D) shape 14. A) taking B) having C) conveying D) carrying 15. A) water B) ice C) food D) vegetable 16. A) what B) if C) how D) that 17. A) pass B) past C) ago D) before 36 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 18. A) Not B) No C) Nor D) Never 19. A) detected B) touched C) seen D) felt 20. A) probably B) perhaps C) supposed D) although 第六章 翻译 第三节 历年四级翻译真题、答案与解析 09.6 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had ________________ (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English. 88. If she hour earlier, Mary ________________(就不会被大雨淋着了). 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_____(更有可能增加体重). 90. (很多人所没有意识到的)________________ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is ________________(与缺乏锻炼密切相关). 解析87. difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 本题考点非常明确，共有两个:一是四级核心词组keep up with sb (跟上某人)，二是核心短语have difficulty in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)，另外要注意另一类似短语，即have trouble in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)。 88. wouldn?t have been caught by the heavy rain 本题的考点为两个:第一考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二考查对短语be caught by 的掌握，意思为“被…所困”， 另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。 89. more likely to put on weight首先判断本题应该使用短语be likely to 来表示“有可能做某事”，而“增加体重”的表达为put on weight ，除此之外，题目中表达的是“更有可能”，要加上more ，所以答案为more likely to put on weight . 除此之外，我们还应该掌握其相关表达，比如说lose one?s weight (减肥)，go on diet(节食)等。 90. what many people don't realize / what a host of folks don't realize 本题考查主语从句，对考生来说并不难。 91. closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 本题考点有两个，一是对固定搭配的考查，be linked to = be related to (与…有关)以及the lack of exercise(缺乏锻炼);二是对修饰关系的考查，closely related是副词与动词的修饰关系。 08.12 87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems __ _ (他们至今还没有答案). 88.______ __( 大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 89.You'd better take a sweater with you ____ (以防天气变冷). 90.Through the project, many people have received training and ______ (决定自己创业). 91.The anti-virus agent was not known ________ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它). 解析:87. which/that they haven?t found answers to做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子，所以已给出 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 37 的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话，而横线前是名词problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which做关联词，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。 88. What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents很显然本句缺主语，有两种 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 处理:主语从句或名词短语，核心 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 “关心”可以用concern或care about。 89. in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold一看到“以防”，马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型;如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。 90. decided to start their own business本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do，核心词组“自己创业”。 91. until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。 08.6 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research ________________________(能应用于新技术的开发). 88. I can't boot my computer now .Something ___________________________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving one's job, ________________________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 90. _______________ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________________________(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 解析:87.can be applied to the development of new technology本题考查被动结构和两个词组:应用apply„to以及新技术的开发the development of new technology. 88. must be wrong考查词组“出毛病”something is/goes wrong，另外考查语气“一定”must. 89. no matter what kind it is / whatever it is考查让步状语从句的用法 90. Compared with the place where I grew up考查两点:与„相比compared with;带定语从句的名词短语“我成长的地方”。 91. Not until he had accomplished the mission从主句谓语动词的倒装结构可以知道考查的是not until置于句首时的用法。not until置于句首时，until后用时间短语或正常语序的从句，主句用倒装。另外根据语义关系选择正确时态。 07.12 87. ______ (多亏了一系列的发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that __ (我比以前更容易累了). 89. I am going to pursue this course, ___ (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ______ (它更加方便和省时). 91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ___ __ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 详解:87. Thanks to/ Because of/ Owing to/ As a result of a series of new inventions本题考查“多亏了”和“一系列”两个表达方法。 38 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 88. I am more likely to get tired than before. / it is more likely for me to become tired than before. / I am more inclined to become tired than before.本题考点是“更容易”，使用be more likely to或be more inclined to. 89. no matter what I have to sacrifice / whatever sacrifice I have to make本题考点“无论”和“牺牲”，如果不会拼写sacrifice,可用pay代替。 90. it is more convenient and less time-consuming / it is more convenient and time-saving. / it is more convenient and can save more time本题难点是“省时”，可用形容词或动词词组表示相同意义。 91. is measured/evaluated by how much they can borrow/loan本题难点是被动语态。 07.6 87. The finding of this study failed to _________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is __________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). 90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ___________________(如果你方便的话). 详解87. take people?s sleep quality into account/ consideration本题重点考查take sth into account这个短语。 88. the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate本题考查定语从句，而先行词作为前置宾语，后面引导的从句需要前置的介词。 89. decided to quit the match本题考查对时态的判断能力 90. contact us at the following address常见的祈使句表达 91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience本题考查词组at one?s convenience. 06.12 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ______________ (适应不同文化中的生活). 88. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90. Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91. The nation?s population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度). 详解:87. adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures本题考查adapt oneself to这个短语，这里to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。 88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading本题考查比较结构，另外就是从句的时态。一般来说，当写作目的是叙述时，使用过去时;若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理时，用现在时。 89. would have had a chance to survive/of survival本题考查与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本用法。 90. might feel lonely when they are away from home.本题考查虚拟语气中的建议句式。 91. at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million考点之一是短语at a speed of，其二是数字1200万人的表达。 06.6 87.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble______ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. (为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 39 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, ( 他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis. 详解:87. (in) finding the way to the history museum本题考查对句型have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.的掌握 88. In order to finance my education本题考查对不定式作目的状语的掌握。不 定式和不定式短语 作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。in order to 或 so as to 可以 使目的 意义更加清楚或表示强调意义，但so as to 一般 不用在句首。表示“挣钱”还可以 用 raise money 或support。 89. we (should) hand in our research report 本题考查的是表示建议的句型 require that sb. (should) do sth.的掌握。 90. the more confused I am本题考查对句型the more„, the more的掌握，表示“越„，越„” 。第 二个 more作的是副词，意为“更” ，后跟形容词的比较级。结构“the+形容词比较级，s+v，the ，形容词比较级，s+v” ，比较级后主谓结构不倒装。 91. he was fired by the company 本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。当让步状语从句由连词 although或though引导时，意为“虽然，尽管” ，主句不能用 but。由“他被公司解雇”可知，主 句应该用被动式，又根据 last week可以判断句子的时态应该用一般过去时。 表示 “解雇” 还 可以用discharge和dismiss。 第四节 强化训练 1. The substance does not dissolve in water ____________________(不管是否加热). 2. Not only __________(他向我收费过高), but he didn?t do a good repair job either. 3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _____________(与我的相比). 4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only __________ (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. 5. By contrast, Americans mothers were more likely _______(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent. 6. Today, ______________________________(随着生活节奏的加快), people usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. 7. With the rise in population, the traffic in cities ________________ (日益拥挤). 8. Opportunity often ____________________(起重要作用) one?s choice of a career. 9. It is easier to _____________________(染上坏习惯) than to get into good ones. 10. However troublesome the problem is, __________________(他都耐心地去面对). 11. _________________(如果天气允许的话), the picnic will be held as scheduled. 12. ___________________(尽管发了洪水), the ship had reached its destination on time. 13. He concluded his speech with a remark that _______________(失败乃成功之母). 14. She never laughed, ______________________________(也从未发过脾气). 15. We advised them to take a rest, __________ _(可是他们要坚持完成这项工作). 16. They asked so many questions that ____________________(把我给弄糊涂了). 17. _________________________________(医生告诉他不要吸烟), Mr. Smith carried neither matches nor cigarettes. 18. On entering another country, _________________________(游客必须通过海关)。 40 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 19. It has been suggested ______________ (经常看电视的人可能会变得过分消极). 20. We regret to inform you __________________________(你们订购的材料缺货). 21. He studied hard in his youth, __________ (这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因). 22. I understood _____________________________ (学会面对现实的真正价值). 23. It has been revealed that ____________________________________(有些政府官员滥用他们的 权利和职位)to get illegal profits for themselves. 24. Nowadays, we need to _____________________________________(与时俱进). 25. The violent tornado that struck in August last year ______________________ (已经引起全球科 学家的高度重视). 26. When he agrees with someone, _________________(英雄所见略同) is his tag. 27. The government has put forward a new economic policy with _______________________ (更加 强调降低通货膨胀率)( 28. You may stop now，but you must resume working at 2 o'clock _______________________(否则 我会给你新的任务以示惩罚)( 29. You have greatly disappointed me. _________________________________ (你做的远没有达到 我们的期望)( 30. Hurry up! The performance will start in no time(The doors _________________________ (我们 到那里的时候就会关闭了)( 31. Little __________________________________(她没有料到她的着装方式) would make her feel totally out of place at the party( 32. The traditional approach to deal with complex problems ________________ ______________________(是把它们分解成更小、更易解决的问题)( 33. Having _________________________________(没有钱但不想让别人知道), simply said he would go without dinner( 34. Every man and every woman working here ________________(和我相处地很好)( 35. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _________________________ (正如当地政府建 议的那样), will be seriously considered here. 36. You don?t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather ______(你先处理自己的事情)。 37. The development of modern medicine __________(为人类的健康做出了巨大贡献). 38. The woman was astounded to learn that her dearest friend ________________ _________________ (一直在散布关于她的谣言). 39. Only by reading extensively and widely _______________ (你才能提高阅读技巧，丰富知识)。 40. It is highly desirable that ____________________________________(将报告中所列的 数据再次仔细检查)before it is sent to the Board of Directors. 41. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_____(是一门科学，也是一门艺术). 42. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 43. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture. 44. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 41 45. _____________(任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons. 46. It’s essential that________________(他把一切准备好) before the examination . 47. The population of America is not large___________________ (与中国相比). 48. I am sure we can solve the problem if we all____________________(集思广益). 49. It is no good waiting for the bus,____________________(我们不妨走回家吧). 50. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now____________________ (是几年前的两倍). 51. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, ________ ___ (尽情地唱歌跳舞). 52. Why is she looking at me____________(像是她认识我似的)? I’ve never seen her before in my life. 53. Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment ____________ (以便实验能顺利进 行). 54. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest________________ (触犯他). 55. She___________________(对我们的警告充耳不闻) and got lost. 56. That Canadian speaks Chinese_____________(和他说英语一样流利). 57. _______________(Tony 是否来) doesn?t matter much. We can rely on ourselves. 58. On hearing the news, I ____________(忍不住笑起来)and spread it among the class. 59. Not until Alice had a baby of her own___________(她才了解)how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own. 60. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back ______________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的). 61. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and ___________________________ (超过250万的家庭已经摆脱贫困). 62. _____________________________________________ (除主席之外的所有董事会成员都 投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs. 63. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are ________________ (为 中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇). 64. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before._________________________________(发达国家尤为如此). 65. ________________ ,只要你喝了那个牌子的酒,, you will never want to drink any other. 66. _________,假如没有你的帮助,，I would not have succeeded. 67. This novel_______________,据说已经被翻译成二十多种外语,. 68. The students all felt very happy _________________,校长来看他们,. 69. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, ___________,这一点人人都清楚,。 70. The little girl went home, _______________,在母亲的陪同下,. 71. Please show us _________________,你刚才所买的东西,. 72. The employees of this company work very hard,_______________,其中百分之八十来自贫困地 区,. 73. _____________,这个学生出版了两本小说, before he went to university. 74. When she heard the news, ___________,她与其说是感到惊讶还不如说是高兴, 42 学府教育成就你我～～ www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 75. In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco _______(而不愿待着纽约). 76. I suggested he ____________________ (适应新环境) as soon as possible. 77. ____________________________(即使计算是正确的), scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. 78. Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they __________________ (为了逃脱而借助 于暴力). 79. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring ___________________ (被认为是永恒 爱情的象征). 80. If she had not become a Japanese citizen, ______________ (冠军属于)China. 81. By the end of the 15th century what had developed into being was a modified, ______________ (大大地丰富了的英语). 82. Young as he is, the child has developed the ability to look at things ______________ (从成人的角 度). 83. The history professor has spent most of his time in icy Alaska, where the Eskimos still __________________________ (坚持传统习俗). 84. I got to the airport, ___________(结果却发现) I had left my ticket at home. 85. The kids lay face down on the beach, their backs ___________(暴晒在阳光下). 86. The new computer is sold ___________(以比预期低得多的价格). 87. He said that ____________ (谁犯了法) deserves punishment. 88. _______________________ (他刚一关上门) than he heard the phone ring. 89. Scientists will have to ________________ (提出增加世界粮食供应量的新方法). 90. From that day on, ________________________. (我的生活才过得有意义) 91. It is high time that ________________________. (杜绝这种错误) 92. It is not that he is not clever enough, ______________. (而是他已沉迷网络很久了) 93. It is no good__________________________. (再继续和他争吵) 94. No one could account for___________________. (他一夜之间成了百万富翁) 95. _______________ (你越注意别人对你的印象)，the more you will feel nervous. 96. The ship?s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically. 97. Why didn?t you tell me you could me the money? I ___________________________ (本来不必 从银行借钱的) 98. By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London. 99. It’s time__________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. 100. ___________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 第二章 阅读理解 Passage1 1. A语义题mainly 是个关键词，它让A做正确答案更合适，BC过于决断，D不确切 2. C细节题 见第三段 3. A 细节题 见第三段首句B为干扰项虽然和最后一句话一样但含义有差别，最后一句是指Psychic www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 43 ability takes time to develop, just as the other five sense. 4. C 细节题 见第三段倒数第三句 5. A 态度题 见第三段首句和末句 Passage 2 6. D语义题见第一段第四句。 7. C 细节题 见第一段最后一句。 8. A 细节题 见第二段第四句。 9. C 细节题 the case of Maria Vivas is an example 10. B 推理题 见第一段第三句，AC见第一段四五六七句，D明显与文中例子矛盾，所以选D。 Passage 3 11. A推理题 见第三段第一句 12. C推理题 见第三段 13. A细节题 见第四段第一二句 14. D细节题 见第五段第一句 15. C态度题 文章解决了未来汽车两个问题，污染问题和交通拥挤问题，可见作者对未来汽车是持 积极态度的。 Passage 4 16(A. 主旨题。判断文章主旨要从文章整体来把握。文章第一段就指出美国股市昨日大幅下跌，接 下来的几段都在介绍下跌的状况、原因、相关因素，并且详细介绍了各个股票指数的一系列数 据，最后一段又描述了世界其他地区股市情况，可见全文都是在说明美国和世界股市的现状。 17(A. 细节题。根据文章第一段第二句，“从大公司收购到普通人购买房屋等各种事情都变得更加 困难”，答案显而易见。其余三个选项均与文章意思相反。 18(C. 细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句，“在昨日收盘前的一小时左右时间里，华尔街的各种主 要指数在一天的狂跌之后上涨了约三分之一的幅度”，所以在最后一两个小时内进行买卖的投资 者有可能会获利。 19(D. 推理题。根绝文章第四段第一、二句话谈到借钱不顺利，银行不愿意贷款等情况，因此导致 了克莱斯勒收购案进展受到了一定的阻碍。这一消息的结果影响到了公司的股价，紧接着第三 句话就是谈到了戴姆勒-克莱斯勒股票价格的下跌。可见两者之间是有因果联系的。 20(B. 态度题。作者的态度可以通过材料的选择和措辞来判断。纵观全文，作者基本上都在描述事 实和引用各种数据、言论，并没有发表自己的看法。可见，作者对于股市现状的态度是非常客 观的。 Passage 5 21 [D]题干问:“本文引用弗兰肯斯坦博士所说的话的目的是为了……”。此题可以定位在第1自然 段，且文章1、2、3段反复强调“moral philosophies”，因此选项[D]“引入生物技术中所存在的道 德问题的话题”为正确选项。而选项[A]“给出DNA技术突破的精彩的一页”，选项[B]“强调手段 对达到一种永久目的的重要性”和选项[C]“显示出他是如何在一千年前创造一种新的生命形式” 都与原文不相符，不是作者引用的目的 22 [B]题干问:“我们从文章可以得出结论:人类克隆技术应该使用的方式是……”。正确选项为 [B]“合理的并且是相当谨慎的”，从文中2、3、4自然段定位，归纳以后得出这样的选项。而选 项[A]“过分和奢侈的”，选项[C]“激进的和不分青红皂白的”和选项[D]“公开的而且是热情的”都与 作者在整篇文章所使用的语气不相符合。 23 [A]题干问:“我们从本文得知，奥尔德斯?贺胥黎持有怎样的观点,”此题可定位在第4自然段， 正确选项为[A]“DNA技术应该受到个人的控制”，作者在文中对奥尔德斯?贺胥黎的观点提出了一 种批判。而选项[B]“政府应该对个人少加以控制”，选项[C]“人们需要政府来保护DNA信息”， 和原文的意思是相反的。选项[D]“关于人类克隆的道德观念应该被删除”与问题不符合。 24 [D]题干问:“从全文最后一段推测，我们能预测下面哪项是作者在下一部分将要讲述的内容,” 44 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 此题可定位于全文的最后一句。正确选项为[D]“生物技术研究的现状”。而选项[A]“反思生物技 术的道德”，选项[B]“对我们的个人隐私的冒犯性的侵犯”和选项[C]“我们后代智商不可避免的改 变”都无法从文章的逻辑得出这样的判断。 25 [C]题干问:“根据最后一段，„干件?和„湿件?的关系就像……”。在文中“干件”指的是机器，“湿件” 指的是人的肉体，因此选项[C]“机器和肉体的关系”为正确选项。而选项[A]“整体和个体”，选项 [B]“想象和现实”和选项[D]“暂时和永远”都不能构成类比的逻辑关系。 Passage 6 26. [C] 从文章第一段第四句可知。 27 [A]题干问:“如实验室研究中所表明，快眼运动的特征是……”。正确选项为 [A]“急剧活跃的脑 电图”，此题可以定位在第2自然段，且在第3、4段又再次说明。选项[B]“被研究者很快的反应 速度”，选项[C]“复杂的记忆模式”和选项[D]“前一天事件的重现”都不是快眼运动的主要特征。 28 [B]题干问:“作者谈到„人工语法?，目的是为了说明……”。正确选项为[B]“所学到的内在模式”， 此题定位于原文的第3段，且在原文的第5段作者以学数学的学生为例说明，如果睡得好，大 脑会发现一种内在的某种学习材料的模式。选项[A]“研究的重要性”，选项[C]“和灯泡的相似”和 选项[D]“睡眠的重要性”都不是作者说到“人工语法”所要谈论的目的。 29 [C]题干问:“在研究中皮埃尔?马凯领导的小组主要利用的是什么方法,”正确选项为[C]“采用一种 对比和比较的方式”，这个题考察的是对2、3、4、5段的归纳，他们把各种情形的情况进行对比 性的研究。选项[A]“揭示一种长期持有的古训”，选项[B]“澄清了对梦的预言”和选项[D]“把因果 关系联系在一起”都不是他们所使用的主要方法。 30 [D]题干问:“马凯给第二天参加大考的人有什么建议,”正确选项为[D]“在晚上好好的睡觉”，这 是一个通篇的中心归纳的考察题，在晚上好好的睡觉对记忆是有好处的。而选项[A]“努力地记忆 语法”，选项[B]“认真地研究课本”和选项[C]“记录自己的脑呈像”都不是他的明显建议，尽管这些 错误的选项使用了原文中的某些表达和单词。 Passage 7 31 [B]题干问:“本文最可能选自标题为……的文章”。正确选项为[B]“对哥伦比亚号事件的调查”， “inquiry”和“accident”为本文的中心关键词，很显然文章的中心关键词作为整篇文章的大标题。 而选项[A]“Gehman对哥伦比亚号失事的评论”，在这篇文章中作者的态度相当谨慎，就事论事， 没有涉及太多的评价。选项[C]“阐述航天飞机的安全”，离题太远。选项[D]“美国航空航天局正 在被揭露的问题”，文中确实讲到美国航空航天局存在问题，但只是一部分，而不能作为整体。 32 [B]题干问:“在句子„since they could place?中的„they?所指的是……”。正确选项为 [B]“回答”， 对该句进行句型分析后，得出“they”指代的对象为前面的“answers”，“answer”为在听证会上的回 答。选项[A]“赔偿金”，选项[C]“决定”和选项[D]“问题”都与原文语境不相符合。 33 [A]题干问:“根据作者，导致哥伦比亚号航天飞机失事的主要原因是……”。文中作者明确讲述 了导致航天飞机失事可能主要是因为其左翼受到了损坏，因此选项[A]“一个很可能左翼受到的损 坏”为正确选项。而选项[B]“故意拒绝卫星图片”，选项[C]“有一种多愁善感以及所涉及的一种自 负”和选项[D]“航天机构在执行任务中的行动迟缓”都不是导致事件直接引发的原因。 34 [C]题干问:“像文中所提到的，星期三的听证会的主题是……”。在4、5、6、7段反复讲到了 美国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星图像，此题可以定位在第5段的最后一句，“The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday?s hearing”，该句中的“subject”指的就是美国航空航天 局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星图像，因此选项[C]“美国航空航天局拒绝了军事部门提供的卫星 图像”为正确选项。而选项[A]“轨道中情报卫星的一种精确能力”，选项[B]“美国航空航天局没有 作出决定反对对哥伦比亚号的检测”和选项[D]“美国航空航天局和军事部门的合作”，尽管文中都 有所提及，但却不是这次听证会所解决的问题和焦点。 35 [D]题干问:“下面哪项最能描述Gehman对于卫星图像的态度,”此题可定位于最后一段，该段 讲述了Gehman对卫星图像能否检测出破损仍旧不敢肯定，且综观全文，可以看出他的态度是相 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 45 当谨慎的，因此选项[D]“谨慎”为正确选项。而选项[A]“担心恐惧的”，选项[B]“盲目轻信的”和选 项[C]“冷漠的”都不能概括原文的中心和含义。 Passage 8 36 [C]题干问:“本文最好的标题是什么,”正确选项为[C]“疫苗:方法和内在含义”，这一选项能概 括说明文章的中心。而选项[A]“接种:福音或诅咒”，漏掉了关于接种疫苗的过程，是对中心的 部分概括。选项[B]“接种所用的原理”，这是第2自然段的话题。选项[D]“一个受到攻击的奇迹 的治疗方法”只涉及到最后一个自然段。 37 [A]题干问:“ 天花疫苗这个举例是说明什么情况,”此题可定位于第3自然段，且第3、4自然 段的主题就是使用疫苗可能会带来负面效果，因此选项[A]“使用疫苗可能会带来负面结果”为正 确选项。而选项[B]“疫苗的实际使用来控制传染病”，选项[C]“疫苗在于消除某些疾病的有效性” 和选项[D]“疫苗对付疾病所使用的方法”都不是这个举证所谈论的观点。 38 [B]题干问:“这个短语„ward it off naturally?最可能的意思是……”。文中第2自然段讲述了在接 种疫苗后，身体自然可以跟这种疾病进行对抗。因此选项[B]“很轻松地与之对抗”为正确选项。 而选项[A]“自然地将其排除”，选项[C]“很不情愿地去管理它”和选项[D]“恰当地分解它”都不符合 第二段所谈论的一个原理。 39 [B]题干问:“根据这篇文章，下面哪项是对的,”其实纵观全文，本文的中心讲的是免疫系统可 以得到特殊的训练以应对疾病的较弱形式，因此选项 [B]“免疫系统可以得到特殊的训练以应对 疾病的较弱形式”为正确选项。而选项[A]“挽救大多数的人必然造成少数人的死亡”，选项[C]“强 制性的接种对于大众的生存是不可或缺的”和选项[D]“接种的过程仍然是一个应该解决的神秘” 都不能说明原文的含义。 40 [D]题干问:“作者写作本文的目的是……”。作者在这篇文章的语气是客观的，因此选项[D]“为 了解释和告知信息”为正确选项。而选项[A]“评论和批判”，这是议论文，评论文的模式。选项 [B]“论证和辩论”是议论文的模式。选项[C]“为了带来兴趣和娱乐”，但这篇文章是科普性的文章。 Passage 9 41(D. 语义题。根据上下文，讨论了实战演习是否能够用于商界，并谈到许多老板都在向中国古 代的著名军事家孙武学习管理技巧。显然，商业人士已经在运用很多军事上的理论。四个选项 中，只有D最符合文意。 42(B. 细节题。文章第二段中，正如办公用品公司施乐公司的首席战略官约翰?麦克德莫特指出，“传 统的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 方式很少把竞争者的反应考虑在内”，显然答案是B。 43(D. 细节题。从第三段和第四段中，我们可以找到实战演习之所以能够产生积极效果，是因为这 种演习拥有两个重要的特点，同时还加入了“quantitative element”。而D选项并不是实战演习积 极效果的原因，而是结果。 44(C. 细节题。根据文章第三段第六行，各个团队列出所扮演公司“希望达到的一系列成果”，后面 紧跟着的“preference tree”即为上文“desired outcomes”的同义词。 45(A. 细节题。文章最后一段总结说明了实战演习模式之所以能够成功的原因，列举了三点，分别 属于B、C、D，而A选项与题意没有任何关系。 Passage 10 46(D. 细节题。文章第一段提到的香港那些富裕的移民们开始冒汗是一种比喻的说法，意指他们开 始变得紧张，后面指出问题所在是由于房价现在高得离谱，使得他们现在的生活开始变得不像 以前那么轻松舒适。可见，令他们紧张的上涨的房价。 47(A. 细节题。文章第二段第一句话中的“dueling”含有决斗、竞争的意思，说明了两座城市都视对 方为竞争者。 48(B. 细节题。根据文章第三段，随着外来人口越来越多，两座城市的本地人口住得越来越拥挤， 可见本地人的居住环境正在变差。 49(A. 细节题。第四段第三行指出“不断创纪录的贸易顺差、中国的不断扩张、以及来自无数新上 市的股票，所有这些都是得这个地区充斥着各种资金”，答案显而易见。 46 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 50(A. 推理题。根据文章最后一段，两座城市的政治家们都希望进一步扩大本地的人口规模，以促 进经济的发展。考虑到前文指出两地目前的人口和土地之间已经产生了尖锐的矛盾，可以推出 未来随着人口的增长，这一冲突将会更加严重。 快速阅读参考答案 (Skimming and Scanning) Passage 1 Spiders 1.N当出现all这种过于绝对的词语时，考生应该引起注意。一般这样的命题多数是不正确的。首段中有句话:“All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes...”命题中all的说法过于绝对。 2.Y该命题是对原文第二段首句话的同义改写。 3.N原文中第二段首句中写到，“of the 600 spiders in Britain only 12 are strong enough to pierce the human skin”，因此并不是命题中说的当它们刺进人的皮肤通常能致人死亡。 4.N原文中说，“Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself.”注意代词this指代上面的句子，结合上一句一起理解，命题显然是错误的。 5. NG文章中只出现过一次Tim Tegenaria，所以该题很好定位，即最后一段的第二句。可是文章中并没有出现tarantula spiders。 6.Y该命题定位在最后一段倒数第三句话处。 7.NG首先定位Money spiders出现的位置是文章的最后的两句，可是并没有提到它是最小的。 8.32,000 该题由关键词species of spider定位在第二段倒数第二句。 9.looking at their palps 该题定位在倒数第二段的首句。 10.the Goliath spider 本题答案在最后一段的首句。 Passage 2 How to be a traveling beauty this May holiday 这篇文章向人们介绍了在五一外出度假期间怎样保持女人漂亮本色。分别推荐了到海边，小镇， 山区可选择的胜地，出行的最佳天气状况，要携带的护肤护发护唇用品，保湿防晒用品以及相关品牌与价格，还有其他的一些行之有效的保持美丽的建议。 1. Y 根据文章大意和第一段的最后两句话:How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions. 可以断定本题正确。 2. Y 在文中seaside 标题下的第二小点: Shine in your bikini. Exfoliate with a fine grained scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help prevent skin from darkening and roughening after too much sun and salt water. 可以断定本题正确。 3. NG 文中根本未提及。 4. NG 在文中seaside 标题下Tips 下的第三点:Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. 但并未提及反之也然。故此句应该是 not given。 5. N 根据文中small town标题下的第一句话: Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, Zhejiang可以断定本题错误。 6. Y 在文中mountaineering 标题下的第三段的第二句话:we recommend you use absolutely no makeup except for basic skin care. 可以断定本题正确。 7. N 根据文中mountaineering标题下，是两条建议而非五条。故判断本题错误。 8. 10-20? 9. Xiaocheng Gushi 10. lip conditioner and hand cream Passage 3 Airplane Instruments 本文主要介绍了飞机的相关知识，包括飞机内部的一些重要仪器及它们的功能，飞机的制造和发展，指出了现代飞机与早期飞机的不同之处及相关问题;介绍了飞机场的规模和功用，飞机跑道、机场控制塔、机场大楼等的工作原理及作用等。 1. N) ,精析,本文介绍了飞机、飞机场等有关设施的特点，并没有介绍飞机的发展史。 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 47 2. NG),定位,由题干关键词an automatic pilot定位到第1个标题下的第二段第一句话。 ,精析,原文指出自动驾驶仪无需驾驶员按任何按钮便可驾驶飞机，甚至可以自动起飞和降落。但并未提及它驾驶飞机比驾驶员强。 3. Y),定位,由题干关键词the radio equipment定位到第1个小标题下第二段末句，"The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals." ,精析,该句意为"无线设备使驾驶员能够与地面控制人员谈话，接收导航信号"，是题干的同义转述。 4. Y),定位,由题干关键词solid定位到第2个标题下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. ,精析,该句意为"早期的飞机是由铁丝固定，织物包裹的木结构制成的"，这显然不如现代飞机坚固。 5. N),定位,由题干关键词Grapevine和Texas定位到第3个小标题下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth. ,精析,由该句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界最大的机场之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的机场是位于本段倒数第二句的"O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago"。 6. Y),定位,由题干关键词runways定位到第四个小标题下第三段首句。 ,精析,第三段首句提到Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必须足够长。另外首段也提到现代飞机越来越重，也要求跑道足够坚固。 7. N),定位,由题干关键词Precision Approach Radar (PAR)定位到第5个小标题下第二段。 ,精析,由该段可知Precision Approach Radar (PAR)是用于引导向机场靠近的飞机的系统，而用于引导远离机场的飞机的系统是Ground Control Approach (GCA)。 8. electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) ,定位,由题干关键词control towers定位到第5个小标题末段末句。 ,精析,末段末句提到"电子微波着陆系统可以使飞机自动着陆"，由此可知答案。 9. customs and passport control ,定位,由题意可定位到最后一个小标题下首段第六句。 ,精析,从定位句可知从外国过来的乘客需要通过海关和护照检测。 10. a special signal ,定位,由题干关键词detector定位到全文末段倒数第三句。 ,精析,从定位句可知如果有人携带金属物品，检测器就会发出特殊信号。 Passage 4 The Power of Personal Attitudes 1. N。根据题干中的信息词main purpose及our physical body定位到全文的第一段，结合文章标题可知本文的主旨是讲述个人态度的力量，而不是我们身体的生理构成。 2. Y。根据题干中的信息词emotional perceptions定位到第一段的第三句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。 3. Y。根据题干中的信息词low self-esteem 定位到第一个小标题下的第二句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。 4. N。根据题干中的信息词change any negative attitude to the positive定位到第一个小标题下第一段的倒数第二句话，可知题干表述与原文相反。 5. N。根据题干中的信息词story of the woman who finds a fob by changing her attitude定位到第一个小标题下的第二段和第三段第一句话，可知题干表述与原文相反。 6. NG。根据题干中的信息词speak positively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后一句话，可知原文仅提到如果我们说别人坏话，可能会有问题产生，而并没有提到说别人好话是否会有好事发生。 7. Y。根据题干中的信息词speak negatively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后 48 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 一句话，结合第二段，可知题干表述与原文相符。 8. all negative expressions or complaining。根据题干中的信息词express negative sentiment in life定位到第二个小标题下的第三段前两句话可得答案。 9. have a overall positive attitude。根据题干中的信息词right attitudes towards others and life around us 定位到第三个小标题下的第一句话可得答案。 10. a positive calm attitude。根据题干中的信息词difficult circumstances come in your way定位到文章的最后一句话可得答案。 Passage 5 How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations 1. Y。题干讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，定位到文章的首段可知题干表述与原文相符。 2. N。根据题干中的信息词wording of the text定位到第一个小标题下的第一段，可知题干表述与原文相反。 3. Y。根据题干中的信息词the font styles for the title and the text定位到第一个小标题下的第四段第一句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。 4. N。根据题干中的信息词more formal situation和capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的第七段第一句话，可知更加正式的方式是仅大写第一个单词的首字母，故题干表述错误。 5. N。根据题干中的信息词Centering bulleted lists or text定位到第一个小标题下的第九段，可知题干表述与原文相反。 6. Y。根据题干中的信息词Sound effects定位到第二个小标题下的第三段，可知题干表述与原文相符。 7. NG。根据题干中的信息词importing和two megabytes定位到第三个小标题下的第三段，可知原文提到的是插入的图片要少于两兆字节，而并未提及插入的flash大小。 8. as possible as you can。根据题干中的信息词look at the audience定位到第四个小标题下的第四段可得答案。 9. erase everything you?ve drawn。根据题干中的信息词Pressing the E key定位到第四个小标题下的第七段第三句话可得答案。 10. meet your presentation needs。根据题干中的信息词make changes at the “slide master” level定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。 Passage 6 Natural Disasters 1. Y。根据题干中的信息词motion of tectonic plates定位到第一个小标题下的第一句话可知题干表述与原文相符。 2. N。根据题干中的信息词made up和layers定位到第二个小标题下的第一段可知题干表述错误。地球从内到外由三层组成:地核、地幔、地壳。 3. Y。根据题干中的信息词convection定位到第二个小标题下的第三段前两句话可知题干表述与原文相符。 4. N。根据题干中的信息词epicenter定位到第二个小标题下第五段的第一句话，可知题干表述与原文相反。 5. Y。根据题干中的信息词volcanoes和tectonic plates collide定位到第三个小标题下的第三段可知题干表述与原文相符。 6. N。根据题干中的信息词Magma和Earth?s crust if the liquid rock定位到第四个小标题下的第一句话可知题干表述与原文相反。 7. NG。根据题干中的信息词Mt Etna和160mph winds定位到第五个小标题和第六个小标题的第二段第二句话，可知原文并没有提到意大利埃特那火山的具体影响。 8. only happens in the tropics。 根据题干中的信息词fierce rotating storm及intense centre of low pressure定位到第六个小标题下的第一句话可得答案。 9. thunderstorms and strong winds。根据题干中的信息词brought by the hurricane定位到倒数第二个小 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 49 标题下的最后一段可得答案。 10. quickly die out。根据题干中的信息词no warm water定位到原文的最后一句话可得知道答案。 Passage 7 Younger Artists Struggle to Excite Buyers 1. N。参见第一段中"..., Zhang Xiaoming travels to China almost every month."和第二段中"But Zhang admits to finding it increasingly difficult on recent visits to be 'touched’ by the new works that she has seen."可知,张晓明并未定居中国,她只是每月来中国旅行,并且她认为越来越难以被她看到的新作品感动。 2. Y。参见第三段中"..., many artists are repeating themselves ..."可知,张认为现在的许多艺术家只是在重复自己(没有创新)。 3. Y。参见第四段中'The most important artists ... were inspired by their tradition, history and culture.’和第五中"... But what is happening right now is a lot of younger artists coming to the market have a lack of spirituality ..."可知张认为最重要的艺术家们的作品都是从他们的传统、历史和文化中获得灵感,而现在的许多年轻艺术家则缺乏灵气。 4. Y。参见第一段首句可知,张是苏富比拍卖行的中国当代艺术品部的副总监,也是国际资深专家。 5. N。参见第六段中"Zhang is one of several market professionals who have raised concerns that Chinese contemporary art could be becoming overpriced, ..."和第七段中"..., buyers are still extremely bullish, though increasingly selective."可知,包括张在内的一些艺术品市场专业人士已开始关注中国当代艺术品要价过高的现象。但是,买主们仍然热情很高,只不过更加挑剔而已。 6. NG。文章没有说中国当代艺术品是最受收藏家们推崇的。 7. N。参见第十五段中'Interest in Japanese contemporary art was very strong, ... pieces sold for between three to 10 times their estimates.’可知,收藏家对日本当代艺术品的兴趣也很大。作品以估价的3到10倍价格出售。 8. select the good quality pieces in best condition。参见第十三段中'The market is more mature now and collectors will select the good quality pieces in best condition. 十五选十强化训练参考答案 Passage 1 47. D 此处需要一个动词。本句叙述申请专利的程序:申请人申请专利时需要对发明进行具体描述，然后将描述和样品一同提交政府官员，故填submit一词。 48. O 此处需要填入一个形容词和beneficial并列作表语。此句介绍政府官员签发专利的条件是原创性和有用性，故填original。 49. A 空格前为情态动词could，所以此处需要填入一个动词原形。此处和or后面的use them themselves意义上是对应的。根据常识，申请人获得专利后，专利当然可以自己使用，也可以转让给其他人，故填license“许可，特许”。 50. K 此处需要填入一个动词原形。政府为一项发明签发专利后，当然不能再为同样的创意签发专利，故填issue“签发，发行”。 51. C 空格前为情态动词could，所以此处需要填入一个动词原形和后面的介词of 搭配使用。句子用without 引导条件——如果没有支付费并获准使用就擅自使用该专利，因为专利受法律保护，发明人有权对其进行起诉。accuse和charge都有“控告，控诉”的意思，但是用法不同，分别为accuse sb. of sth.和charge sb. with sth. , 故排除charge。 52. F 此处需要填入一个名词作介词for 的宾语。使用专利的人要向专利发明人支付费用，获得使用权后才能取得专利的使用权。故填permission“许可”。 53. I 此处需要一个名词。对于专利，政府一方面实施保护政策，另一方面，为了让大众了解专利的相关知识，政府会出版专利的详细说明，所以填specifications“说明书”。 54. M 此处需要一个形容词，修饰其后的名词knowledge。政府出版专利详细说明的目的是让大众能够了解发明，所以填available“可利用的” 。 50 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 55. H 上一段中提到美国政府在专利申诉的14年内进行保护，在这14年申报人拥有专利的所有权，超过14年，任何人都可以免费使用该专利。此处考查固定短语 for free“免费的”。 56. N 句子主谓结构完整，空格处可以填入一个副词。publicizing ideas和定语从句中的be kept as trade secrets 之间是对比关系，因此需要填入一个表示转折意义的副词 otherwise。otherwise 和 however 都可以表示引导意义的转折，但however常用插入语，其前后需要加逗号，而otherwise 不需要。 Passsage 2 1(【答案】H 【分析】 此处应为固定搭配，be concerned with意为“关心，担忧” 2(【答案】A 【分析】 此处需要一个名词，和economic一起表示经济前景，prosperity“繁荣，前景”符合语 义。 3(【答案】I 【分析】 根据逻辑分析可知此处需要一个名词做receive的宾语，再根据前一句的句意，这里 consideration 更符合句意。 4(【答案】B 【分析】此处用status说明孩子们的地位再家庭和社会中越来越受到重视，与上下文达成一致。 5(【答案】J 【分析】通常一个独立的句子成分可由副词承担，consequently意为“结果”。 6(【答案】C 【分析】此处需要用动词的现在分词做the variety of statutes的定语，表达保护孩子们的权利。 7(【答案】K 【分析】这里view是对前文叙述的总结，上文提到了“观点”一词，从中我们可以判断new的 后面应该是view. 8(【答案】D 【分析】考查构词法，本文主要讲述孩子在家庭中的地位，而此处又涉及到孩子的培养问题， child-rearing“抚养孩子”正合此意。 9(【答案】L 【分析】此处需要一个形容词修饰做portion的定语，considerable是“大量的”意思，一般修饰 不可数名词。 10(【答案】E 【分析】整篇文章介绍的是美国社会中孩子社会化的问题，应该说这一现象是当前社会问题之 一，所以contemporary符合句意。 Passage 3 1(【答案】H 【分析】此处需要一个形容词，根据上下文可知此处是要表达“要帮助孩子和成人减肥维持健康” 的意思。故选healthy. 2(【答案】O 【分析】根据上下文，此处意思为“Satcher认为学校是有效预防和减少超重问题的中心，建议学 校改进体育课设置„„” “identify…as”为固定搭配，“把„„看作”，因为后文的时态是过去时， 故应填identified. 3(【答案】K 【分析】本句是虚拟语气。根据上下文，此处应填“improve”。表示“建议学校改经体育课设置„„”。 4(【答案】C 【分析】此处需要一个动词，文章要表达的意思是“他敦促说，社区也必须提供安全的地方供人 锻炼”，此处应用过去时，故填“urged”。 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 51 5(【答案】 J 【分析】“attribute to”为固定搭配，意思是“归因于„„”，此处是被动语态，所以应填“attributed”。 6(【答案】B 【分析】“classify as”为固定搭配，本句意思是“美国每年约有30万人的死亡与肥胖有关，在1999 年，超过60%的成人可列入超重或肥胖”，此处是被动语态，所以应填“classified”。 7(【答案】M 【分析】此处要表达的意思是“根据来自文生部长的一份新报告”，所以此处应填“according”。 8(【答案】E 【分析】此处要表达的意思是“在过去的20年中，青少年肥胖的普及已增长三倍”，所以应填 “tripled”。 9(【答案】 I 【分析】此处要表达的意思是“人开始超重的年龄越小，对他未来的生活质量的潜在影响就越大。” 并且是“the more„, the more„”句型，所以应填“greater”。 10(【答案】F 【分析】此处需要一个名词，本句意思是“超重和肥胖是造成健康不良的主要因素”，所以应填 “contributors”。 Passage 4 1(【答案】H 【分析】此处“they”指上文提到的“天气预测”，“ come true”为固定搭配，意为“实现”。该 句意为“很多气候学家和绿色组织担心这一切会变成现实，除非全球的人们能够达成 共识，协 力控制温室气体的排放。 2(【答案】D 【分析】此处需要一个名词，根据上题的译文，可知此处应填“emission”，意为“排放”。 3(【答案】O 【分析】根据后文的“to”可知此处应填“from”,该句意思为“在未来几十年里，亚洲(全球63 亿人口中超过一半人的家园)的气候将倾向另一个极端”。 4(【答案】K 【分析】此处在列举不良天气给人们带来的灾难，所以应填“disease”。 5(【答案】F 【分析】此处需要一个名词作主语，根据上下文应填“ patterns”,意为“天气模式”。 6(【答案】A 7. 【答案】G团体认为，目前在亚洲已经能察觉到某些变化，但以后的情况可能会更糟。这种变化还可能导致大规模的移民和普遍的人道主义危机。”所以应填“come” 8(【答案】C 【分析】本文的主题是温室效应，温室效应会使“冰川”融化，所以此处应填“melt” 9(【答案】J 【分析】该句意思为“随着全球越来越温暖，暴风雨会更加猛烈，由昆虫和饮水传染的疾病将扩 散到新的地区。”所以应填“warms”，表示“全球变暖”。 10(【答案】M 【分析】根据后文的“deforestation and pollution”可知此处应填“degradation”，该句意思为“专家认为，环境恶化，如森林砍伐和环境污染，将很可能加剧气候变化造成的影响 Passage 5 47. D. feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词。通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty。短语feel guilty about sth.“对„感到有愧”。 全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。 48. M. be obsessed with为固定搭配，原意为“被„附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重 52 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 视”。 全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。 49. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer 50. I 本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在 禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定creative为正确选项。 51. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型 的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样 的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定defined为正确选项。 52. O 此处要与religious reasons平行，因此缺一与political搭配的名词，ideals最为“理想”。 53. L 由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句实缺一名词，做bring的 宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定 的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定certainty为正确选项。 54. K 系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语 be/become suspicious of“对„感到怀疑”。 55. J 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief “(have) belief in sth.”相信„。 56. C 本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，因此可确定选项share “share sth with sb”意为“与某人分享某事”。 Passage 6 47. E此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。 48. H此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。 49. A此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即:全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。 50. B此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。 51. F根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选项。 52. L该题较为简单，表示“上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏”，应能迅速找出答案。 53. I 显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。 54. K此处应填入一个现在分词，表示“海岸受到侵蚀”，因此应选K。 55. N该题较为简单，应填入一个复数名词，所以填入N项。 56. D因为the rest of 为固定搭配。 第三章 Cloze答案与解析Test 1 本文介绍很多博物馆正在筹办扩建的计划。尽管影响扩建行为的因素有很多，但主要的、共同的因素还是空间问题。没有足够的空间，博物馆就会失去扩充收藏品的机会。有时还不得不减少或者出售一些收藏品。 1( C 空格处缺少programs的定语，阅读全文得知很多博物馆正关注着这些大规模的扩建计划，此处使用expand的名词形式做定语。表内容。 2(、A 空格处缺少副词做状语。通过第一段纽约市的例子得知。博物馆扩建规模较大，因此大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。radically意为“根本上，大大地”，符合题意。unnoticeably意为“不显著地”，unassumingly意为“谦逊地”(与modestly同义。 3( C 通过选项得知此题考查expected在句子中的语态。句子的主语为these programs，排除 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 53 B)和D)，be expected to do意为“有望做某事”，扩建计划大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。或者有望在不远的将来会如此。 4(B， 空格处缺少谓语动词的过去分词形式。作者以纽约市为例说明几家大的机构向空中扩建，spread 意为“面积的延伸”，符合题意。scatter意为“分散”，establish为及物动词，后面需接直接宾语，increase 意为“数量的增多”，均不符题意。 5(C( 本题考查固定搭配，the reason for sth(。D)的迷惑性较强，为考生常犯错误，但是why后应该引导句子，此处空格后为名词短语，故答案为C)。 6( A， 空格位于不定冠词后，缺少名词。扩建行为的原因是很复杂的，但其中一个因素是共同的，那就是空间问题(consideration意为“考虑”，thinking意为“想法”，measurement意为“测量、尺度”，calculation 意为“计算”。 7(B 通过选项得知本题考查increase在句子中的形式。空格处为with +n(+-v-ing,ed结构，做句 子的伴随状语，意为‘‘随着博物馆藏品逐年增加”，collections与increase为主动逻辑关系，故答案为B)。 8(D， 空格处缺少名词。主语为space，不能等同于phenomenon和value，commodity意为“日用品”，“随着收藏品逐年增加，博物馆的需求和功能改变，空间成了人们的日常需求品”。treasure意为“珍宝”，与precious重复。 9(B 空格处缺少句子主语。作者以费城艺术馆为例说明空间成了人们的日常需求品，所以世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样(缺乏空间)。somewhere意为“在某处”，anywhere意为“无论何处”，wherever意为“无论在哪里”，故答案为B)。另外，根据句子的倒装结构也可判断答案。 10(C、 空格处缺少形容词做space的定语。世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样(多年来缺乏空间，最后一次整修还是在十年之前。excessive意为“过多的”(extreme意为“极端的”，unnecessary意为“不必要的，多余的”，皆为贬义词。additional意为“另外的”。 11( A， 空格处缺少形容词作facelift的定语。facelift意为“房屋整修”。noticeable，evident(visible的意思都是“明显的”，significant意为“重要的、重大的”。费城美术馆最后一次大的整修是在十年之前。 12(D、 空格处缺少become的表语。根据题意(由于缺乏空间，美术馆对艺术品捐赠物采取谨慎的态度。careful意为“认真的”，wary意为“机警的”，distrustful意为“不信任的”。 13(A， 本题考查固定搭配。of体现donations的性质内容。 14(C， 空格处缺少谓语动词。美术馆对艺术品捐赠采取谨慎的态度，这样会失去扩充收藏品的机会。strengthen意为“增强，扩充”。purchase意为“购买”，order意为“订购”，select意为“挑选”。 15(D， 由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。take on意为“呈现”。本题迷惑选项为A)，attach importance to意为“重视”，后接宾语。invest意为“投资”，demonstrate意为“示范，证明”，与importance不能搭配。 54 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 16(B， 空格处缺少状语。通过上题得知，由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。馆长不得不重新安排画廊，and表并列关系，所以空格处需要副词，意义表肯定。gradually意为“逐渐地”，regularly表“规则地”，故答案为B)。 17(A， 空格处缺少名词。根据句子后半部分warehouse得知，由于缺少空间(馆长只好把一件艺术品投入公众的视线中，把另一件存放于仓库中。view在句中意为“视线”, performance意为“表演”，appreciation意为“欣赏”，access意为“入口”。 18(C 本题考查store的词性。be sent to后面可接动词原形和名词两种形式。如接动词，masterpiece和store为被动关系，需用to be stored。本题后接名词形式storage，表目的。storeroom意为“储藏室”，与warehouse重复。 19(C， 空格处缺少介词(空格处的句子提到博物馆需要额外的画廊和储藏室，但是博物馆在15年内没有打破这个束缚的计划，所以选项C)despite“尽管”符合题意。 20. B. 空格处缺少名词作介词of的宾语。Break out of 意为“摆脱”。Enclosure 意为“围栏”， envelope 意为“封袋”， sphere意为“球体、领域”，territory意为“领土”。故答案为B，引申为“束缚”。 Test 2本文介绍了语言这种工具。对人类来说，语言是一种拓展知识的工具，语言学家认为，进化使人类拥有天生的语言能力，但是语言也不能自身发展，儿童学习语言比较容易，但是一旦脱离了人类社会，也无法掌握语言。 1. B. 空格处缺少谓语动词。根据句意得知，人类像新生儿一样不能使用语言应该是刚刚进化的时候。根据第二段第一句evolution也可得出答案。Evolve意为“进化”，generate意为“导致、引起，生成光、热”，born意为“天生的”，originate意为“起源、发生”。 2. A. 空格处缺少定语。文章第一句提到，人类把语言当做一种拓宽知识的方式，所以语言对人类来讲应该是valuable(有用的)工具。Appropriate意为“合适的”，convenient意为“方便的”,favorite意为 “最喜爱的”。 3. A. 根据选项得知空格处缺少名词，且与后面的cultural growth在意义上并列。Attainments意为“成就”，feasibility意为“可能性”，entertainments意为“娱乐”，evolution意为“进化”。Attainments符合题意。 4. D. 空格处缺少表语形容词，且能与for搭配。 Essential意为“基本的”，后接介词to; available 意为“可得到的，可利用的”，后不接介词;reliable意为“可靠的”，不能与for搭配;be responsible for意为“对……负责的”。 5. C. 空格处缺少动词，后接that 引导的从句。句中they 指上句的主语many linguists。根据句意，人类高度进化的大脑使得我们具有天生的语言能力，这是语言学家所持的观点。Confirm意为“确认”，inform意为“通知”，claim意为“声称”，convince意为“使相信”。 6. D. 本题考查固定搭配provide sb with sth. 向某人提供某物。 7. B. 空格处缺少名词。 Organizations意为“组织”，organisms意为“有机体”。语言学家认为，天生的语言能力是人类所具有的，不存在于低等有机体当中。 8. A. 空格处缺少名词。Potential意为“潜力”，performance意为“表现”，preference意为“偏 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 55 爱”，passion意为“热情”。天赋学说的支持者们认为，人类的语言能力是与生俱来的。 9. A. 空格处缺少介词。语言与人类童年时期大脑发育的一种官能是对等的关系。As意为“作为”，just意为“正如”，like意为“像”。 10. B. 空格处缺少形容词做定语。 ideological意为“意识形态的”，biological意为“生物的，生理的”，social意为“社会的”，psychological意为“心理的”。语言本身发展是缓慢的，经过几个重要的生理周期。 11. A. 空格处缺少名词。Review意为“复习、评论”，reference意为“涉及、参考”，reaction意为“反应”，recommendation意为“推荐”。根据句意，虽然目前对天赋论的评论是多种多样的，但是支持的观点是无可否认的。 12. C. 空格处缺少状语。In a word 意为“一句话”，用来总结上述观点。In a sense意为“在某种意义上”，indeed意为“确实”，用来进一步说明上述观点。in other words意为“换句话说”，用来解释上述观点。根据句意，很多人支持天赋论，越来越多的学校发现，最好在低年级开始教授外语。后者是对前者的进一步解释说明。 13(D，空格处缺少形容词作定语(空格后一句提到young children学习外语的例子可以得出低年级学外语比较容易。 14(B，根据选项可知，空格处考查固定搭配be + p.p(+to结构。revealed意为“显露”,后不接介词;exposed后接介词to，意为“暴露于”;engaged后接介词in，意为“忙于”;involved后接介词in，意为“卷入”。 ’ 15(C，空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词。regulations意为“规章 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ”，formations意为“形成”，rules意为 “规则”，constitutions意为“章程，构造”。根据句意，儿童能够学会周围的几种外语，而成人学习外语比较难是因为母语的规则在他们头脑中根深蒂固了。 16(A(空格处缺少连词。根据句意，毫无疑问语言的某些方面是天生的(但它不能像真空一样自我发展。前后为转折的逻辑关系，故答案为A)。 17(D，空格处缺少表语形容词(distinguished意为“卓越的”，protected意为“保护的”，isolated意为“隔离的”。根据句意，语言不能自我发展，假如儿童与其他人隔离开来将不能掌握语言。 18(D. 空格处缺少名词。exposition意为“暴露”。comparison意为“对比”，contrast意为“对照”，interaction意为“交互作用”。根据句意，假如儿童远离其他人将不能掌握语言，这说明，在语言的发展过程中，儿童与其他人的相互影响是很有必要的。 19(A，空格处缺少名词(acquisition意为“获得”，appreciation意为“感激，欣赏”，requirement意为“要求”，alternative意为“可供选择的办法”。根据句意，交互活动对语言的获得作用要比人类其他本能更重要。 20(C，空格处缺少状语。根据句意，理论学家把学习语言看做是需要模仿的和后天学习的行为。儿童通过模仿父母学会语言。二者是对等的关系。 Test 3本文介绍了美国知名作家赛珍珠及其文学作品的特点和成就(赛珍珠是一个多产的作家，她的一生和其作品的贡献成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。 1(A. 空格处缺少名词(figures意为“人物，角色”。强调抽象意义。根据句意，Pearl S. Buck (赛珍珠)是美国文学史上最受欢迎的作家之一。 56 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 2(B. 空格处缺少谓语动词与宾语award搭配。obtain意为“获得”，achieve意为“完成，达到”。获得奖项通常用动词win或者earn。 3(B. 空格处缺少名词。achievement意为“成就”，recognition意为“认可”，contribution意为“贡献”，creation意为“创作”。根据句意。赛珍珠获得了诺贝尔文学奖，这是对文学创作最具声望的认可形式。 4(A. 本题考查固定搭配。Nobel Prize for Literature诺贝尔文学奖。 5. D. 空格处缺少形容词修饰名词word。familiarized意为“变熟悉的”，recognizable意为“认可的”，mysterious意为“神秘的”，household意为“家庭的”。根据句意，赛珍珠成为一个家喻户晓的名字。 6( A. 空格处缺少名词。output意为“输出”，conception意为“概念”，invention意为“发明”，productivity意为“生产力”。根据句意(赛珍珠成为一个家喻户晓的名字是因为其多产文学作品。故答案为A)。 7(B. 本题考查publish在句中的形式，空格处缺少形容词做定语。works与publish是被动的逻辑关系，故答案为B)。 8(D. 本题考查wait与await的用法。根据句意，在赛珍珠80岁的时候，25卷书正待出版。空格前有助动词were，所以排除B)和C)。awaiting意为“等待”，相当于waiting for。 9( A. 本题考查动词set与介词的搭配。set in意为“放在某处”，set aside意为“留出”，set up意为“建立”。set off意为“出发”。根据句意，她很多等待出版的书都留在中国。 10(B. 空格处缺少谓语动词(与介词as搭配。act as和serve as皆意为“作为”，但是serve as强调“服务”。根据句意，赛珍珠的一生和其作品的贡献在于成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。 11. C. 空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词，做become的表语。outcome意为“结果”，mixture意为“混合物”，product意力“产物”，combination意为“组合”。根据句意，赛珍珠是中西文化的产物。 12(D. 空格处缺少动词。term意为“把„„称作”，与call同义。describe意为“描述”。根据句意，赛珍珠是中西文化的产物，她把自己称为“精神上的双焦点”。但“精神上的双焦点’’不是一个名称，不能用动词call，这里应注意中西文化用语区别。 13(B. 空格处缺少名词。background意为“背景”。setting意为“场景”。根据句意。赛珍珠的中西文化背景是独特的。 14(C. 本题考查interest的形式。空格位于副词之后名词之前，缺少形容问修饰名词human being。disinterest意为“公正无私的”。 15( A( 空格谓语助动词be之后that之前，缺少表语。be aware意为“意识到”，be conscious意为“有意识的”，be mindful意为“留心的”，responsive意为“做出响应的”。根据句意，我们不得不(cannot help but)意识到我们实际上面对着三个独立的角色。 ( 16(B. 空格位于助动词be之后(缺少表语。deal意为“应付”，后接介词with。analyze意为“分析”，distinguish意为“区别”。根据句意，当我们阅读赛珍珠的作品时(实际上是面对着三个独立的角色。 17(C. 本题考查动词learn与介词的搭配。learn from意为“向„„学习”，learn of不存在，learn www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 57 about 意为“了解”。根据题意，如果不了解三个角色中的任何一个就不能真正了解赛珍珠。 18(D. 本题考查honor的形式(honor意为“荣誉”，honorable意为“光荣的”，honored意为“被给予荣誉的”。空格位于连词though之后，从句省略主谓，故空格为从句的表语，主语为主句主语Pearl Buck。 19(B. 空格位于不定冠词之后名词之前，缺少形容词做定语。comprehensive意为“全面的”，total意为“整个的，完全的”，complete意为“完全的”，genuine意为“真正的”。根据句意，答案为B)( 20(D. 空格位于形容词之后介词之前，缺少名词。topic意为“话题，主题”，theme意为“主题”，subject意为“学科，对象”。根据题意，赛珍珠作为一个完整的人，不仅是一个著名的作家，还是一个有趣的研究对象。 Test 4本文介绍了出国旅行需要的4个基本条件:所熟悉的、舒适的交通工具，熟知那个国家的语言和银行系统，了解那个国家人们生活的习俗习惯，有个好的伴侣。如果缺少了这几个条件，旅行会变得很糟糕。一个去异国留学的学生，面对种种陌生的体验时，他肯定会感到很糟糕的。 1(A A)enjoyable意为giving you pleasure and satisfaction“令人愉悦的，有乐趣的”，符合上下文。B) amusing“有趣的”，C)happy “快乐的”，D)favorable“有利的，讨人喜欢的”放在此处均不恰当。 2( A. include意为“包括”，exclude意为“排除，阻止”，conclude意为“下结论”，contain意为“含有，容纳”。此处显然指包括以下的四个方面，故答案为A) include。 3(D(awareness意为“觉悟”，后面搭配介词of，因此不符合题意;understanding后面也是搭配介词of;而interest后面搭配介词in;familiarity意为“熟悉，熟悉度”，后面搭配介词with，符合题意。 4(B. 此处是说要使旅途愉快，需要有很好的旅伴，句中companions意为“persons who accompany or associate with another (同伴、伙伴)”，是可数名词;company也可以表示“伙伴，来往的人”。但这是一个集体名词，表示“伙伴”的总称。因此B)项符合题意。 5( A. 这句话是说“我们都有过这么美好的旅行经历”，介词like表示“如同，像„„一样”;而as作为介词意为“作为，身为”;介词towards和for分别表示方向和目标(不符合题意。 6(【A】 memory意为"something that is remembered'’，即“记忆，回忆”;B)impression表示“印象”，与选项C)“意见”和D)“照片”都不符合此处的题意。 7( A. “would like'’是一个固定的词组搭配，意为want“想要„„”，属于比较客气的说法。 8(C. travel表示“去较远的地方或去国外的旅行”;trip指短途的尤指为了享乐而进行的旅游;tour是指去一个个地方访问，旅游一圈;(visit指“拜访”。结合上下文，C)travel符合文意，为正确答案。 9(D. 结合上下文，从第一段看，上面列举了四个好的条件，因此选用listed “被列举出的”最符合题意。A)outlined“被概括的”，B)talked“被谈论的”，C)discussed“被讨论的”均没有D)恰当( 10(B(根据上下文，这句话是说，“如果以上四个好的条件不具备(存在)，则整个旅行很可能会很糟糕”。A)impossibly“不可能地”显然与原文意思相悖;C)completely“完全地”太过绝对;D) 58 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ partly“部分地”放在文中意思不通，故应选B)probably(“很可能地”。 11(A. 句中one代替了experience一词，避免了重复，而a没有此功能;this和that前均不能加修饰语，故A)项正确。 12(A. inspect “视察’’显然不合题意，故排除;看到下文“学生要从机场找到去学校所在城市的路”。该题的答案便显而易见了，此处是说“去国外学习的学生”，故选A)( 13(D(根据上文可知，“去另外一个国家学习的学生在旅途中通常会遇到困难”，下文便列举了他们所面临的困难的种种具体形式，“通常独自出行”是其中之一(A)hardly“几乎不”，B)rarely“很少地”，C) particularly“特别地”均与文意不符，故选D)。 14(A. yet用于否定句中表示“up to the present time”, 同否定形式连起来表示“到目前为止尚不„„”，C)项用于否定句时，则前句也应为否定，意为“也不”;而B)与D)两项一般不与否定形式连用，故正确答案为A)。 15(B. 由句中“到达新的国家”可知对应的是“在一个大的国际机场”，故选international‘‘国际的”;A) national“国家的，民族的”;C)domestic“国内的”;D)local“当地的”均与文意不符。 16(D. “find one?s way to„”意为“找到,认得去„„的路”，是一个固定的习惯表达。 17. D(由上句“学生需要找到从机场到学校所在城市的路”可推测出“或许他们要换乘飞机”(该短语的表达为“change airplanes”，而非“alter airplanes”，故选D)。 18(A. where在此引导了一个定语从句。指代前面的in a country，是说在对一切都不熟知的一个国家，他们要经历上述的种种行为。 19. C( 此题考查的是情态动词的用法。“后来，在完成了上述所有这些行为后，他们或许会笑起来。”这句话表达的是一种不确定的推测，所以用may合适。 20. C. “at the time”是固定搭配，表示“在当时”(是说“在经历种种陌生的体验时，他们肯定会感觉很糟糕”。 Test 5本文介绍了“Geography”这个词的来历;地理学研究的分支:自然地理学、人文地理学及其研究内容以及地理学家的工作特点。 1. B. 此处应填入一个形容词，该处用动词compare and contrast(比较和对比)支配places,说明应该是不同的地方，故填various。 2. C. 此句转折，由前面的研究不同的领域转为可能超出各自研究的领域，go beyond是固定搭配(意为“超出，超越”。 3. A. “把……看做一个整体”，应表达为consider sth(as a whole，由上文可知此处的意思是“把地球看做一个整体”。 4(C. 从语法结构上(此处必须填入关系词，而且中间又出现了逗号，由此可知此句为非限制性定语从句，而选项中只有which可引导非限制性定语从句。 5(A. 由下文的others可知此处应为some。 6(D. like在这里是介词，表示“像”，引出介词短语,修饰前面的small area，故应选like。 7. B. entire是“整个的，全部的”，修饰后面的名词，意为“整个大陆”。A)extensive是“广泛的，大量的”;C)overall是“全面的，综合的”D)enormous是“巨大的，庞大的”。 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 59 8(A. 由上下文可知此处应为“方法”的意思，way为“方式，方法”;means表示做具体事,带来具体结果的 “方式，办法”，而C)和D)项则不符合题意。 9(C. 由下文physical geography and cultural geography可知此处应填入geography。 lO(A. focus on„是固定搭配。意为“集中于„„”，同义词组为"concentrate on„”。 11(D. 此处与前面的the former构成并列关系，应填人the latter“后者”。 12. B(由and把空格处要填入的词与starts构成并列关系，而A)learn意为“有目的地学习，获得某种技能”，B)study则为“研究”的意思，而C)和D)项不合题意，由全文可知地理学家主要是研究„„，而不是学习„„，故应选B)项(并且starts为单数形式，作为and构成的并列结构，study也应为studies形式。 13(A. act upon (on)„是固定用法，意为“对„„起作用”，由句中how human beings and their environment可知后面应填入与act连用表示“彼此相互作用”之意的词。 14(A. 先从本句的语法结构上看，A)neither和C)one均符合句法要求，而B)either用于否定句;D)each 不与thc other搭配，但从上下文的意义看:地理学有许多分支，可以从不同的角度去研究，但是(注意本句的转折词But)，地理学作为一门学科，其下任何一个分支都不可能忽略另一分支的存在，A)neither更符合上下文的逻辑意义。 15(C. be described as可以作为固定搭配，意为“把„„说成„„”。常用的类似结构还有be seen,regarded/treated,thought of,looked upon,imagined等。 16(C(根据常识和文中的说明可知地理学家的工作特点就是观察、记录、解释地区间的不同之处，而且difference后常跟between„的形式。另外，下一句话也暗示此处应填differences。 17(D. 此处应填入一个形容词，C)liking “喜爱，爱好”是名词，可排除;A)likely“可能的”;B)likeable“可爱的”与题意不符，D)alike“相像的”与句意“如果所有的地方都是相似的”相符。 18(D(however在句中作插入成分，可不管它，整句话可直接为we know no two places are exactly the same，其中no„the same是完整的一句话，know又是谓语，故前应加that作引导词，引导宾语从句。 19(B. 由上下文可知这句话为总结句，Geography is a point of view是一句完整的话，故中间应填入一个副词，B)then“于是”，A)still“仍然”，C)nevertheless“然而”，D)moreover(“而且”，A)、C)、D)均不合题意，故选B)。 20(B. a special way of doing sth(是一种固定用法。A) work at„“工作„„”，C)arrive at„“到达„” D)get at"指责，数落;获知”等(B)look at„“考察„„”(故B)项符合题意。 Test 6本文介绍了职业转换专家格雷戈(泰勒提出的一些对于辞职可能造成的情感问题的建议:如何写辞职信，如何与老板商谈离职一事等。 1(A. 该句大意为“如果你准备跳槽并找一份令自己更加有成就感的工作。职业转换专家格雷戈(泰勒提出了一些建议来帮你应对辞职可能造成的情感方面的问题”，此处应该选择引导条件状语从句的连接 词if。其他选项分别引导原因、时间和让步状语从句，逻辑关系明显不对。 2(C. 从下文可知，专家所提供的是“指点、忠告”，而不是A)plans“计划”，B)warnings“警告”或者D) comments“评论”。 3(D. 根据前文中的move forward and find a more fulfilling job可知，专家提供的是关于“离职” 60 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 的指点，而不是A)finding“找工作”，B)improving“改进工作”或者C)finishing“完成工作”。 4( A. 这里的to the point是一个固定搭配，意为“中肯的，切中要害的”，常用于短语keep to the point。 5(B. 此处意为“表达你对„„的感激”，A)process“过程”，C)choice“选择”，D)resignation“辞职”此处均不合适，只有选项B)“经历”符合句意，指的是在原工作单位的经历。 6(B. 这一段介绍写辞职信的时候应该注意的事项。第一句就提到要简明扼要，最后一句还是说要尽可能地简单而低调，所以应该选择B)，意为“你无须告知太多”。 7(D. 此句是说从递交辞职信开始的时间，应选择动词词组hand in“递交”。fill in “填写”，end in “以„„结束”和take in“吸收”放在此处均不符合文意。 8(C. 前一句讲的是不要告诉别人细节，本句提出了另一条建议:要完成手头的工作。两句间应该是并列关系，所以用also。其他选项分别表示递进、因果和转折关系，与句意不相符。 9(A. B)form“ 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 ”，C)scheme“计划”和D)report“报告”都过于具体，文章中并没有指明是哪项具体的工作，所以用A)“项目”来泛指手头上正在做的工作是最为合适的( 10。B. 离职之前完成手头上的工作对任何人而言都是一种礼貌和常识，故选择B)manners，选项A) deeds“行为”，C) intentions“目的”和D)relations“关系”均不符合文意。 11( A. 这部分的大意是“尤其是你打算获得推荐信的话”，选择especially表示一种递进的情况。选项B) specifically“具体地”，C)finally“最终地”和D)surely“必然地”放在此处均不符合上下文( 12(D. 此句是说离职前应休完剩余的假期，而A)relaxing“令人放松的”，B)rewarding‘‘有回报的’’或者C)refreshing“令人耳目一新的”放在此处和vacation搭配均不符合文意。 13(A. 本段主要介绍选择与老板商谈离职一事的时间和地点，由句中的location可轻易推出应选择A) Timing“时间，时机”。B)Date“日期，日子”(指的是特定的时间，C)Period“一段时间，时期”，D) Chance“机会”放在此处均不如A)项合适。 14(D. break the news意为“透露消息”。选项A)silence“沉默”，B)record “记录”和C)promise“承诺”放在此处均与上下文不相符。 15( A. 前一句话提到在会议室和老板谈离职一事，这是一个相对中立的环境，与选项 B) attitude “态度”，C)position“立场”和D)opinion“观点”无关。 16(B. 该句是说中立的环境将使离职者有更好的机会以控制老板的反应。选择中立的会议室来谈话是为了避免老板过激的反应，故选择B)“控制”。A)predicting“预测”，C)observing “观察”，D) under- standing“理解”放在此处和文意不符。 17(A. 员工突然辞职对老板而言是个意外，所以选择在一周之初的上午告知可以给老板时间对此事作出反应。选项B)escape“逃避”(C)select“选择”和D)benefit“受益”显然都不符合句意。 18(C. 最后一句话的意思是说:离职者的雇主可能不会对你的离去感到高兴，但是他们会感谢你给他们留出充裕的时间来寻找接替你的人，或者有足够的时间让你来协助培训新人。所以正确答案是C)“高兴的”。 19(D. 此句是说离职者的原单位会因离职者充分的告知而感激，故选D)appreciate。而选项 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 61 A)enjoy “喜欢”，B)regret“后悔”和C)resent“憎恨”均与文意不符。 20(C. 此句是说原单位将寻找他人接替离职者。选项C)replacement“接替’’符合文意。而选项A)consideration“考虑”，B)promotion“提拔”和D)motivation“动机”均与句意不相符。 Test 7本文讲述声音对人类的意义，人们总是尽力发出声音来避免可怕的沉寂。虽然大部分谈话没有实际意义，甚至被其他人认为是无聊的嗡嗡声，但是人们还是想加入谈话来证明自己是一个人，而不是物品。当然也不是所有的谈话都是没有意义的，有些谈话也能够引起思想的共鸣。 1. A. 短语end in为固定搭配，意为“以…结束”。该句意思是“人的一生在啼哭中开始，在静寂中结束”，在句中begins对应的应为ends“结束”，故选项A)为正确答案。B)finishes “完成”，C) consumers “消费、消耗”，D) renews“使获得新生，更新”放在此处均不符合文意。 2. B. 该句意思是在人从生到死之间的整个中间阶段，只有B) interval “间歇、间隙”符合此意。A) interpretation “解释”，C)process“过程”，D)life“生命”均不符合上下文。 3. D. 此句话从正反两个方面论述了声音的存在对于人类的重要性:前半句表明人类在一生中总是在尽力要发出声音，而后半句指出很少有事物能够像沉寂(the absence of noise)一样引起人类的恐惧。故D)absence “缺席，不存在”为正确答案。A)disturbance“动乱、喧嚣”B) avoidance “避免”C) presence “出席、到场”放在此处均与文意不符。 4. C. 此句话的意思是“在很大程度上人类谈话就是想竭力避免可怕的沉寂”。In great measure意为“在很大程度上、多半”。由此可见，C)prevent“阻止、阻碍”是正确答案。A)cause“使产生、使发生”B)make“创造、引起”D)forbid“禁止、不许”均与文意不符。 5. D. 这句话的意思是“在一个人被介绍认识他人时，如果在交谈过程中出现多次中断，则此种情况会令他感觉自己很失败”。A)interruptions“打断”是指被迫中止，B)mistakes“错误”与文意无关，C)intervals“间歇、暂停”，D) pauses“暂停”指的是声响的暂时中止，符合此处文意。 6. A. 该句是说因多次交谈中断而感觉失败时，谈话者会嫉妒那些哪怕是毫无思想的话匣子。故选项A)envy“嫉妒”正确。B) hatred憎恨，C)love热爱，D)anger激怒 均与文意不符。 7. A. 这句话是说，人们明白99%的谈话不过是像苍蝇的嗡嗡声一样没有意义，但是他还是想加入这种谈话当中。固定搭配long to“渴望、盼望”正符合该句意思。B)thinks认为 C)dislikes不喜欢，D)agrees “同意”均与文意不符。 8. D. 此处是说尽管明白很多谈话毫无实际意义，但是人们还是想加入谈话，其目的是为了证明他是一个人，而非没有生命的蜡制品。选项A)mean意味着，B)find发现，C)say说 都不符句意。 9. B. 根据上文可知，人类很多谈话并无实际意义，可推测出该句是说“通常人们交谈的目的并非是为了交流思想”，B)object目的、目标为正确答案。A)meaning意义，C)topic话题，D)obligation责任、义务，放在此处均与上下文不符。 10. C. 此处是说人们谈话的目的不是为了交流思想，而只是为了持续保持一种声音而已。固定搭配keep up意为“保持、继续”，故为正确答案。Get up站起来、起床，turn up出现，take up占用、参与，放在文中均不符合文意。 11. A. 根据上下文，虽然人类的很多交谈并无意义，但是幸运的是，大部分谈话还是悦耳的。这显然是在说人们谈话的好的方面，故选A)fortunately幸运地。B) Unfortunately不幸地，C) surprisingly 令人吃惊地，D) terribly 恐怖地、可怕地 均与文意相反，故不入选。 62 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 12. C. 根据文意，人类的大部分谈话是悦耳的，并且有相当部分的谈话对思想有益，即声音并不仅是一种单纯的声响，而且还会引起思想(mind)的共鸣。选项A) mentality智力、精神，B) spirit精神、灵魂，D)belief信仰 放在此处均与文意不符。 13. C. 上文指出，人类的大部分谈话并无实际意义，如果一个人非要等到产生了明智想法之后才参与到别人的交谈中，这种做法无疑是可笑的和愚蠢的，故C)foolish可笑的、愚蠢的 为正确答案。A)sensible明智的、可觉察到的，B)insensitive粗鲁的、愚钝的，D)wise明智的均与文意不符。 14. A. 作者在此进一步表明自己的观点，他认为人们不必等到产生了睿智伟大的思想之后才开口说话，因而在他看来，那些鄙视把谈论天气作为谈话伊始的人们似乎并不了解人们之所以想要交谈的原因。Conversational opening意为“谈话的开端、开场白”，这里指人们常常以谈论天气作为谈话的开始。B) vacancy空白、空隙，C)hole洞穴 明显不合文意，D)content内容、要旨 放在此处虽无语法错误，但结合上下文，显然A)opening最适合文意。 15. A. 结合上述对14题的分析，此处应选A)ignorant无知的。B)conscious意识到的、感觉到的，C) aware意识到的、明白的，与文意相悖，D)regardless不顾、不论 显然不合文意。 16. C. 根据上下文，这句话的意思是“但是，很少有人参加只允许他们向别人发出无意义噪音的谈话”。即谈话者希望自己的谈话不仅仅只是发出声音，同时还要agreeable to the mind。所以，这里所需要的是一个表示转折意义的副词。选项A) therefore“因此”表示因果关系，B) accordingly相应地 也是表示因果关系，D)furthermore“更进一步来讲”表示递进关系，都不合文意。故选C) however。 17. D. 根据上文，可知若仅仅只是被允许制造某种声音，则大部分人会不屑于参加这种交谈。故选择D) merely只是、仅仅。A)completely完全地、绝对地，B)totally完全地，C)luckily幸运地 均不合文意。 18. A. 选项D 首先就可排除，except，in和so后面都可跟that 从句，但意思各不相同:except that除……外，in that 因为，而so that表示目的或结果是……,只有except用在这里与上下文相符。 19. D. 此处that引导的从句与前面的“that they have seen two or three new plays”同为介词except的宾语。 20. B. at length是一个固定搭配，意为“详细地、充分地”，这句话的意思是“晚会结束的时候，他们因自己的喋喋不休地谈论无聊的事情而庆祝自己是成功的交谈者”。 Test 8本文介绍了40位地质学家通过研究分析火星图片和机器人探测到的科学信息所得出的看法:火星不同于之前所认为的地形同月亮一样简单，相反它的地表地形多种多样，地质活动频繁，并且火星上可能有冰的存在，但是探测器没有发现生命存在的迹象。 1. A. expect sb. to do sth.指“期待某人做某事”，常常用于被动语态，最符合本题题意。C)require sb. to do sth.意思是“命令某人做某事”，是正式用语，若用在这里显得语气过重，D)be eager to do指“渴望做某事”，不符合句意，B)hope 指“希望”，但是它不能用于宾语+不定式做宾补的格式，故A正确。 2. B. plenty of是固定词组，指“足够的、大量的”，后面接不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式， www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 63 A) plenty to后接动词原形，实际上是不定式做定语修饰Plenty, C) plenty more是固定词组，意思是“还有许多”，但它所接名词如果在前面已出现过，则plenty more后面不应再重复，D)plenty in不是固定搭配。 3. A. B) opening主要指“职位空缺，有利的环境”，C)occasion指“社交上从事某活动的合适时机”，A)chance和D)opportunities均指“做某事而必需的实际环境”，但chance还表示“可能性的程度”，故最佳选择为A)。 4. C. 四个选项中，只有C)much可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示比较的程度。 5. B. geologists地质学家，A)biologists生物学家，C)sociologists社会学家，D)psychologists心理学家，根据上下文。研究火星的应该是地质学家。 6. D. lots of 和quantities of均是“许多的、大量的”，但是用在这里不如thousands of(许许多多的，成千上万的)更形象具体，更加能够表达“极多、相当多”的意思，故选D。 7. D. 尽管information和intelligence都有“消息、情报”的意思，且都是不可数名词，但科技情况或消息通常用scientific and technological information表达，而市场信息、军事情报等多用intelligence表示，本题句意为:这是40位地质学家的看法，他们一直在分析成千上万的火星图片和六、七十年代机器人探测到的科学信息。 8. C. 根据上下文，这一段主要讲了科学家们起初以为火星上的地形同月球上一样单一而缺少变化，但实际上火星表面地形多种多样，地质运动相当活跃，lifeless意为“死气沉沉的、枯燥乏味的”，且与第二段的life形成对照，最符合文章内容。 9. A. 这是一道判断推理题，据前文的dust storms和very sandy，可推知这里应选一个表“较荒凉、多风沙”的词，因此，答案为A)desert “沙漠”。 10. D. mighty在这里指“强有力的，强大的”，相当于powerful，用来修饰glaciers(冰河)，意指“水流的强大冲击力”。A)energetic精力旺盛的，B)great伟大的、巨大的，C)massive重大的、大块的、常含有“沉重而坚硬”的意思。 11. C. analysis分析、分解，是可数名词，是英语中的外来词，它的复数形式是analyses，A)diagnosis诊断、判断，多用于诊断疾病，其复数形式是diagnoses，B)syntheses是synthesis的复数形式，意为“综合”。从文章内容来看，最符合题意的是C。 12. A. convinced“使相信;说服;信服”，I am convinced…意为“我被说服相信……”，B)guarantee和C)believe一般不用于被动语态，D)proved与文意不搭配，不能说“我被证明……”。 13. C)在这里，form指“形态、物体存在的方式”。题意为:任何表面水都将以冰的形式存在。其他三个词:A)appearance外表、外观，B)mould铸模、模子，D)shape外形、形状，与句意都不吻合。 14. B. save sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配的动词短语，意为“省去(某人的劳力)”，from可以省略。原文中在explores后面省略了from，句意为:……它却可能使探险家们省的自己带那么多的水，动词carry是及物动词，不与不定式to take搭配，且语意上与take重复，也可排除D选项。因此，答案为B，意为“不得不”。 15. A. 解这道题的关键在于理解句子的意思。联系上下文。可看出该句意为:由于火星上可能有冰的存在，所以宇航员便不必携带大量的淡水了。因此，这道题的答案为water。 64 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 16. D. say作及物动词讲时，后面可接由从属连词that引导的宾语从句，本句需填一个从属连词引导宾语从句， B)if的主句谓语动词多是ask, don?t know, doubt等，一般不为say。A)项what不是从属连词;C)项how是副词，表方式、方法等，因此，D)是唯一选择。 17. B. in ages past是固定搭配，“很久以前、在过去”。又比如in time past指“好久以前、在过去”。Past在这里做形容词。 18. B. no作“没有、全无”讲时是形容词，既可用在单数前面，又可用在复数前面，且可用在句首。A)not是副词，后接可数名词时要用not a; C)nor是连词，常与neither连用，不能用在名词前作定语;D)never是副词，用在句首，加强语气，但句子应用倒装形式。 19. A. 联系上下文可知，此句意为在火星上软着陆的仪器没有发现令人信服的生命存在的迹象，因此选A)detect“发现、察觉”。 20. D. although在这里引导状语从句，意为“尽管、虽然”，该句意为:……尽管只有接近着陆工具附近的区域才能被检查到。 第六章 翻译 答案 1. whether (it is) heated or not考点:让步状语从句与被动语态 2. did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me考点:not only置于句首时，其后从句要进行倒装 3. compared with mine/in comparison with mine考点:“与…相比”表达法 4. half as much (money) 考点:英语比较结构原级比较一般用 as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难点结 构:as+adj.+n.+as分句 和 as much/many + 名词+ as 分句 5. to attribute their children?s success to考点:be likely to do; attribute sth to sb/sth 6. with the quick pace of life考点:介词结构作状语;另外需注意with复合结构作独立主格表伴随 时的用法: with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 7. becomes heavier and heavier/ is increasingly heavy考点:heavy traffic这一搭配方法，“日益”的表 达法 8. plays an important role/part in考点:“起作用”的表达法 9. fall into bad habits考点:固定词组的翻译;另需主义本句比较结构的用法 10. he faces it with patience难点:逐字翻译时主句中face宾语it容易漏掉 11. Weather permitting/If weather permits考点:独立主格，或条件句均可。另外此处为'天气允许'，表 主动，应用现在分词。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种: 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/ 主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如: The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn?t know what to say. 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关 系。如: The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 3. 名 词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 如: He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如: An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如:He put on his sweater wrong side out. 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如:The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 7. There being +名词(代词)如:There being nothing else to do, we went home. 8. It being + 名词(代词)如:It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 12. Although there was a flood/In spite of the flood考点:让步状语结构 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 65 13. failure is the mother of success考点:宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时 候，其宾语从句的时态一般要用任一适当的过去时态。若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理时， 用现在时。 14. nor did she ever lose her temper考点:so, neither, nor表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装 15. but they insisted on finishing the work考点:insist on doing 16. I got confused考点:时态 17. Having been told by the doctor to stop smoking考点:非谓语结构以及被动语态。现在分词，过去 分词，不定式叫做非谓语结构，即有动词的意思包含在内但在句中不做谓语 18. a tourist will have to pass through the customs考点:“通过”“海关” 19. people who watch TV incessantly may become overly passive考点:suggest作“显示”义时，宾语 从句不用虚拟语气 20. that the material you ordered are out of stock考点:宾语从句;“缺货” 21. which contributed to the great success in his later life. 考点:非限制性定语从句--非限制性定语从 句和主句的关系不十分密切, 只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清 楚(这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开, 译成汉语时, 往往译成两个分句(引导非限制性定语 从句的关系词不可省略, 无论指人、指物, 一般不用that, 要用who, whom和which( 22. the value of learning to take things as they come难点:对成分的分析，要翻译的部分核心词是“价 值”，其它成分为修饰语 23. some government leaders abuse their authority and position考点:“滥用” 24. keep pace with time考点:词组keep pace with 25. has aroused great attention among scientists throughout the world. 考点:现在完成时态 26. that great minds think alike考点:that引导的名词性从句作主语 27. a greater emphasis on reducing inflation考点:put/place emphasis on;比较级的用法 28. or I will punish you with some new assignments考点:“否则”or, otherwise 29. What you have done falls far behind our great expectations考点:主语从句--作句子主语的名词性 从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which， whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起 连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当 从句的成分。 30. will have been closed by the time we get there考点:将来完成时--将来完成时用来表示在将来某一 时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 构成 (shall)will+have+动词过去分词 31. did she expect that her way of dressing考点:英语倒装句。用于部分倒装的情况有:表示否定意 义或半否定意义的词置于句首时。常见的有seldom, never, hardly, no not, little 等。由 only, not until 引导的状语置于句首时;no sooner„than, hardly„when等结构中，no sooner 和hardly 置 于句首时，主语用部分倒装。在so/such„that 引导的结果状语从句中，so/such引导的部分置于 句首时主句用倒装。“so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”so与前面的肯定句呼应，nor， neither 与后面的否定句呼应。省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should 开头引起的倒装。 32. is to break them down to smaller, more easily managed problems考点:非谓语动词作表语。不定式 作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 66 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 33. no money but not wanting anyone to know考点:非谓语动词作状语。现在分词作状语时，现在分 词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表 示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 34. is getting on well with me考点:主谓一致。如果句子的主语是并列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵 循以下原则:由and/both...and连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、 复数形式。当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every,或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通 常用单数。由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动 词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构，或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except 等引导的词组时， 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。 35. as suggested by the local government考点:as引导方式状语从句 36. you dealt with your own business first考点:虚拟语气。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯 上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为:一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿 望 37. has made great contributions to the health of mankind考点:现在完成时态 38. had been spreading bad gossip about her考点:宾语从句的时态 39. can one improve his reading skills and enrich his knowledge考点:倒装。以否定副词开头并加状语 放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely„„ when, never, no sooner„„ than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。 40. the data listed in the report be checked again carefully考点:主语从句中的虚拟语气。在It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ;it is a pity;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等 结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。 41. an art as it is a science考点:as much as 的变体as+much(many)+名词，as 42. could have made a good salary考点:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 43. to students? being late for考点:be used to doing; 44. ranges/varies from 50 cents to 4 dollars考点:数字表达法与“从…不等”表达法 45. Under no circumstances should any nation考点:以否定副词开头的句子要求部分倒装 46. get everything ready考点:主语从句中的虚拟语气 47. compared with that of China考点:比较结构中比较对象的一致 48. put our heads together考点:固定表达 49. we may/might as well walk home考点:“不妨”的表达法，另需注意主句结构it is no good doing sth 50. is twice as expensive as it was . 考点:比较结构as+adj.+as的变体 51. singing and dancing to their heart?s content考点:现在分词表伴随状态;“尽情” 52. as if she knew me考点:as if引导表语从句用虚拟语气的情况。as if 后面可以接陈述语气和虚拟 语气，如果句子的情况是真实的，那么只要保持时态一致即可，如果后面接的并非真实情况， 则要按照虚拟语气规则把句子形式改变。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发 生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语 www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 67 动词用一般过去时。从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had，过去分词”。 从句表示与将 来事实相反，谓语动词用“would,could,might，动词原形”。 53. so that it could be conducted smoothly考点:so that引导目的状语从句 54. he be offended/ annoyed考点:由lest引导的从句中大部分为目的状语从句，需用虚拟语气，表 示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should ，动词原形构成，should也可省略。 55. turned a deaf ear to our warnings考点:固定表达 56. as fluently as he speaks English考点:as+adj./adv.+as 57. Whether Tony will come or not考点:主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。引导主语从句 连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等，连词位于句首不能省略。 58. could not help laughing考点:固定表达 59. did she realize / did she become aware考点:以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装，此处not until置 于句首时，主句须倒装;若until后本身引导有从句，该从句本身不倒装。如果上述否定副词出 现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装:It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact. 60. mainly due to stress and tension in their work考点:“由于”。引导从句与引导名词性短语时选择恰 当表达。 61. more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty考点:数字表达法 62. All the board members except the Chairman voted for my proposal考点:“除…之外”。 besides:强调 “除此之外，还包括”。 Except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。except for: 它的宾语与 前述对象完全是两回事。But:常可与 except互换，强调“不在其中”。 apart from;其含义主要 依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides. 63. providing new growth opportunities for China's foreign and domestic trade考点:现在进行时态 64. This is especially true of developed countries考点:it is true of:…同样如此。 65. As long as you have drunk that brand of wine考点:as long as;现在完成时态 66. Without your help / But for your help / If it had not been for your help考点:与过去事实相反的虚拟 语气 67. is said to have been translated into more than twenty foreign languages考点:be said to have done;被 动语态 68. that their principal had come to see them / about their principal’s having coming to see them考点:宾 语从句中的时态 69. as is known to all考点:as 引导非限制性定语从句。as引导定语从句时，既可以引导非限制性 定语从句，也可以引导限制性定语从句。as和which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰一个句子时 的差异: as引导的定语从句的位置十分灵活，可以置于主句的前或后，也可以插在主句的中间， 而which引导的定语从句只能置于主句的后面。as在指代所修饰的句子的同时，依然保留着其 作为连词的含义，有“正如，好像，像……”之义;which仅单纯地指代其所修饰的句子所体现的 含义。as 多在从句中作宾语，仅在as is known、as is reported、 as is said、 as is announced等被 动形式的定语从句中作主语;which多在从句中作主语，但当非限制性定语从句中有宾语补足语 时，which也可以作宾语如Great wrong was done to him, as anyone can see. Betty told a lie, which her parents found strange. 70. accompanied by her mother / in company with her mother考点:过去分词表伴随状态表被动。 68 学府教育成就你我～～www.xuefujy.com.cn 更多成功的机会等着你～～ 71. what you have just bought考点:名词性从句作宾语 72. 80 percent of whom come from the poor areas 考点:“介词+关系代词”。 介词后面的关系词不能 省略;that前不能有介词。 “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词。 73. The student had published two novels 考点:时态判断 74. she felt more overjoyed than surprised 考点:more A than B 结构。用来比较两种说法的正确程度， 即前一种说法(A项)比后一种说法(B项)要正确一些，表示“与其„„不如„„”。在这个 句型里，more 后不能用形容词或副词的比较级形式，而要用原级形式，此外还可用名词、代词、 动词、介词短语等。He is more good than bad.与其说他坏不如说他好。more than 或 more... than 后 接从句，可表示否定意义。例如:The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.杭州景 色之美是说言所不能描述的。 That is more than I can tell you,sir.这一点我是不能告诉你的，先生。 75. than stayed in New York考点:在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿„„而不愿„„，与其„„宁 可„„”的意思时，可用would rather„than„或would„rather than„的句型，Would(rather)和than 后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。如果谈到过去 的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为would rather +从 句(过去完成时)。 例 I would rather you had not done that. 如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个 人，则would rather之后不接从句而接have done结构。 76. should adapt himself to the new environment考点:虚拟语气。虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句: 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式;表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词:had+v-ed; 表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形。虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、 insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态， 从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 77. Even if the calculation is right考点:让步状语从句。让步状语从句表示:虽然，尽管，即使等概 念，由although, though(尽管，即使), however(无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), whoever (无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时), wherever(无 论哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) (无论„„), even if(即使), even though(即使)等词引导。要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。 78. resort to violence in order to escape考点:“借助于”to为介词 79. is considered the symbol of eternal love考点:被动语态 80. the championship would have belonged to考点:?虚拟语气，表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，主句 要使用would have done;?短语“属于”的表达方式belong to。 81. greatly enriched English考点:?“丰富”的表达方式为enrich;?修饰程度用副词greatly。 82. from the perspective of an adult考点:分词短语“从„角度”的表达方式为from the perspective of。 83. cling/stick to their traditions考点:分词短语“坚持”的表达方式为cling/stick to。 84. only to find考点:不定式一般表目的，在表示结果时，用only to。另外注意本句时态。 85. exposed to the sun. 考点:独立主格结构。 86. a much lower price than predicted考点:比较结构变体 87. whoever violates the law考点:疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。 You can choose whatever you like in the shop. www.xuefujy.com.cn 学府教育 成就你我~ 69 88. No sooner had he closed the door考点:no sooner... than... "一...就..." 引导时间状语从句,主句用过 去完成时,"than"后面的从句用一般过去时. No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时no sooner 后从句要倒装. 与这个短语类似的还有 hardly ... when 意思为:"还没...就..." 89. come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply考点: 90. my life was worth living. 考点:本题考查be worth doing sth. 的用法，这个句式形式上是主动的， 但意义上是被动的。 91. such mistakes were done away with. 考点:It is (high) time that...接从句, 从句中应用一般过去时。 92. but that he has been addicted to the Net for a long time. 考点:本题考查句式 not that...，but that...(不是...,而是...。)的用法。 93. arguing with him any longer. 考点:此题考查It is no good/use + 动名词的用法，这个句式表示"做... 是没有用的。" 94. the fact that he had become a millionaire overnight. 考点:本题考的是一个语言技巧，for后面通常 不能接名词性的从句，如果接的话，要加上the fact that+同位语从句。由于只是一个技巧，所以 在翻译时不用将fact(事实)的词义译出来。 95. The more you care about your impression on others考点:the more…the more 96. had to be operated manually考点:被动语态 97. needn?t have borrowed it from the bank. 考点:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 98. shall have left for考点:将来完成时态 99. something was done/some measures were taken考点:it is time+从句(过去式) 100.It is because she is too inexperienced考点:强调句型:“It is(was)，被强调的部分，that(who) 70