德国论文：德国穆斯林移民族群及其社会融合问题研究[整理]

德国论文：德国穆斯林移民族群及其社会融合问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 研究[整理] 德国论文:德国穆斯林移民族群及其社会融合问题研究 【中文摘要】穆斯林移民在德国已经有300多年的历史,最早可追溯到17世纪,早期的穆斯林移民规模不大,数量较小,所以,在德国社会中的影响力非常有限。大规模、系统性、计划性的穆斯林移民于德国始于第二次世界大战以后,特别是20世纪60年代以来,随着德国经济的起飞,为了满足经济的恢复与扩张,德国政府积极招募外国劳工,面对七十年代初的经济衰退,政府逐渐关闭了外国非技术工人进入德国的大门,但却允许了家庭团聚和政治难民的不断涌入,最终也使德国从传统的民族国家转变成了非典型意义移民国家。目前,穆斯林已经成为德国内部最大的少数族群,从第一代穆斯林劳工到达德国至今已有半个多世纪,但是他们及其后代的生存状态并不乐观,生活中缺乏与主流社会的交流,劳动力市场上遭到社会歧视,文化观念与主流价值观存在很大分歧和冲突,在语言、教育、文化等方面面临的社会歧视使他们没有很好的融入到德国主流社会,而是形成了被隔离的“平行社会”。作为很多移民问题的直接诱因,穆斯林移民已经给德国社会带来了包括经济、文化、社会安全等多方面的挑战,迫使德国政府不得不正视其已经成为移民国家的现实,逐渐开始关注移民问题。此外,穆斯林也面临着双重身份认同的矛盾,一方面作为对被主流社会歧视的回应,他们加强了对伊斯兰文化的认同,另一方面,他们也不能放弃融入主流社会的努力,总体来说,他们对待融合的态度是积极的,也希望得到主流社会的认同,能够与他们和谐共处。为了促进社 会融合,德国政府也付出了一定的努力,积极采取不同的政策,一方面 限制移民的入境,打击非法移民和移民犯罪,维护正常的社会秩序,另 一方面促进移民的社会整合,改善穆斯林移民与主流社会隔离的现 状。目前,这些措施也已经取得了一定的成果,但是想要使已经形成的 “平行社会”逐渐消失,实现社会整合,德国政府所做的努力还远远不 够,当然同时也需要外来移民与当地居民的共同配合和努力。尽管德 国在社会融合问题上困难重重,但是实现外来移民与主流社会的和谐 共处是大势所趋,民心所向,德国现阶段的任务是继续探索符合自己 国情的移民融合方式和措施。未来德国社会融合的发展和成果,我们 拭目以待。 【英文摘要】Muslims have existed in Germany for more than 300 years, dating back to the 17th century. According to the small number of the early Muslim immigrants in Germany, the influence in the society was very limited. Generally speaking, Large-scale, systematic plan of Muslim immigrants in Germany began from World War II. Especially since the 60s of the 20th century, with the German economy took off and in order to meet the economic recovery and expansion, the German government recruited foreign labour actively. In the face of the economic recession in the early seventies, the government gradually closed the door for the foreign non-skilled workers to enter Germany. However, the constant influx of family reunion members and political refugees were allowed. And ultimately,Germany changed from a traditional nation-state into a typical nation of immigrants.At present, Muslims have become the largest minority ethnic group within Germany. It has been over half a century since the first generation of Muslim workers arrived in Germany. But the current living condition of them and their offsprings is not optimistic:the lack of communication with the mainstream socity, the suffering of social discrimination in the labor market, the big difference and conflict in cultural attitudes and values between the mainstream socity, and the social discrimination they faced in language, education and culture, and so on. All these make them not well integrated into the German mainstream society, instead have formed an isolated “parallel society “.As the direct cause of many problems, Muslim immigrants have been brought various of challenges into the German society, including economic, cultural, social security, and so on. As a result, the German government had to face the reality that German has become a nation of immigrants and gradually started to pay attention to the immigrants. In addition, Muslims also face the condition of the contradiction of double identity. On the one hand, as a response to discrimination by mainstream society, they strengthened the cultural identity of Islam. On the other hand, they can not give up the efforts to integrate into mainstream society. Generally speaking, their attitude towards integration is positive, and also hope that they can be recognized by the mainstream society and live in harmony with them. In order to promote social integration, the German government has paid a certain amount of efforts to adopt different policies actively. On the one hand, in order to maintain normal social order, further immigration was limited and illegal immigration and immigration crime were attacked. On the other hand, policies were adopted to promote the social integration of immigrants and improve the current situation that Muslim immigrants are beening isolated from the mainstream society. At present, these measures have made some achievement. But the German government’s efforts are far from enough to achieve social integration and to vanish the “parallel society” gradually. Of course, it also needs the joint cooperation and efforts of external migrants and local residents.Undoubtedly, there will be a lot of difficulties in the issue of social integration in Germany, however the realization of the immigrants to live in harmony with the mainstream society is the trend. At this stage, the mission of the Germany is to continue exploring the ways and measures for the integration of immigrants that suited to their national conditions. Let us wait and see the future development of social integration in Germany and their achievement. 【关键词】德国 穆斯林移民 认同 隔离与融合 【英文关键词】Germany Muslim Immigrants Identity Social Isolation and Integration 【目录】德国穆斯林移民族群及其社会融合问题研究 中文摘 要 8-10 ABSTRACT 10-11 绪论 12-19 一、立论依 据 12-14 二、文献综述 14-18 三、论文结构 18-19 第一章 德国穆斯林移民概况 19-32 一、德国穆 斯林人口状况 19-21 二、德国穆斯林移民的历史进程 21-32 第二章 德国穆斯林移民社会问题 32-41 一、穆 斯林移民的生存状况——社会隔离与社会歧视 32-37 二、穆斯 林移民问题及其 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现 37-41 第三章 社会整合—穆斯林移民融 入德国社会的现状分析 41-46 一、移民社会整合及其主要内容 41-42 二、德国穆斯林移民社会整合不足及其原因分析 42-43 三、对待融合的态度及其穆斯林的身份认同 43-46 第四章 社会控制与社会认同—德国政府的移民政策 46-58 一、社会控制及合理的社会控制的重要性 46-47 二、社会认同及其对民族国家身份认同的重要性 47-48 三、德 国政府对穆斯林的移民政策 48-56 四、穆斯林移民政策的反映 及效果 56-58 第五章 结论 58-63 一、教育政策 59-60 二、融合机构 60 三、反歧视法规的制定和实施 60-61 四、社会政策 61-63 参考文献 63-69 致谢 69-70 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 70