文学思潮与文学流派时间：1798-1832A.theIndustrialRevolutionBtheFrenchRevolution：〔liberty,equalityandfraternity〕历史背景〔Background〕1adissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissocietyanescapefromtheprosaic,sordiddailylifesymbolicpictures2.stressthespiritualandemotionallifeNatureplaysanimportantroleThepassionsofman3.Poetry,ofcourse,isthebestmedium.Passiveromanticits:特点：turningtonatureforprotection.代表人物：“LakePoets〞:Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheyActiveRomanticts特点：heldoutanideal,thoughavagueone,ofafuturesociety代表人物：Byron,ShelleyandKeats.4.RomanticProseandNovelRomanticproseLamb,Hazlitt,DeQuinceyandHunt.Novel----WalterScottReignofQueenVictoria(1837-1901)time:Criticalrealismisoneoftheliterarygenresthatflourishedmainlyinthe19thcentury.Englishcriticismflourishedinthe1840sandearly1850s,declinedinthe1850sand1860sideas:criticizethecorruptinginfluenceoftheruleofcashuponhumannature.TheEnglishcriticalrealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltherulingclasses,theyalsoshowgreatsympathytothelowerclasses,tostressontheirgoodness,honesty.writingtechniques:satire,humorlimitationorweakness:didn’tfindawaytosocialproblems;advocatereformnotrevolutionrepresentatives:DickensThackerayTheMidandLate19thCenturyThomasHenryHuxley(1825-1895):controversybetweenscienceandreligionDramaticMonologueBrowning'sMainAchievementinPoetry:adramaticstoryinhisworkisnottoldthroughactionbutbythemonologuesofthecharacterstriedtoapplythe“laws〞ofscientificdeterminismtofiction.reflectadeterministicuniverseapersonisabiologicalcreaturecontrolledbyenvironmentandheredity.Crane.Dreiser,Norris,andO’NeillinAmerica;ZolainFrance;HardyandGissinginEngland..Majorwritersincludetheinventionofexcitingadventures,fascinatingstoriesRobertLouisStevenson(1850-1894)"TreasureIsland"TimeprevailinEuropeatthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Idea"artforart'ssake"TheNewCentury:SocialandHistoricalBackground1.AftertheChartistMovementBritishcapitalismwitnessedaperiodofrapidgrowth.2.theoutbreakofWorldWarI(1914-1918)3.In1917,theOctoberRevolutionbrokeoutinRussiaandtheU.S.S.R.emerged.4.India,Egypt,Irelandademandedindependence.-------thedeclineoftheBritishEmpire.5.In1929-1931,aneconomiccrisis6.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939BasesirrationalphilosophythetheoryofpsychoanalysisImagismanAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflourishinginthe1910s.theAmericanpoet,EzraPound(1885-1972)WilliamButlerYeats(1865-1939)"thegreatestpoetofourage--certainlythegreatestinthis(i.e.English)language".ThePsychologicalFiction(modernpsychologicalfiction)putemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters'psychologicalactivities,StreamofConsciousnessapsychologicalterm“fluxofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill.
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