21世纪大学实用英语综合教程B4U2

unit2Ⅰ.ObjectivesⅡ.SuggestedTeachingPlanⅢ.BackgroundInformationⅣ.ClassPresentationPreviewPreviewThisisthesecondunitofBookFour.IntheListeningandSpeakingsection,youwilllearnhowtoexpresscertaintyanduncertaintyandwilldorelatedpracticalexercises.TextAintheReadingandWritingSectiontellsaboutanonlineloverelationshipwhichdoesnotquitemakeitasasuccessstory.Asindicatedbythetitle,thewriterfeltthatshewasdeceived.TextBrelatesastoryaboutawomanwho,romanticbynature,finallyheardthose“threelittlewords”fromherhusbandjustbeforetheendofherlife.AndinPracticalReadingyouwillseeacoverletterandarésuméusedforjobapplication.PreviewⅠ.ObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtohavemasteredthelanguageforexpressingcertaintyanduncertaintyandhavereceivedpracticallisteningandspeakingtrainingthroughvariousexercises;1.haveunderstoodthemainideasofTextAandTextB,andmasteredtheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothetexts;2.3.knowhowtousetheattributiveclause(2);4.knowhowtowriteasalesletter;Objectives5.readacoverletterandarésuméusedforjobapplication;Objectives6.knowhowtounderstandfigurativelanguage(1).Ⅱ.SuggestedTeachingPlanSuggestedTimeandTeachingPlanforUnit2TimeContentsPlans.t.p.1TheteacherbeginswiththePreviewtomakesurethatthestudentshavesomeideaofwhatthisunitisallabout.Afterthat,theteacheractivatesListeningandSpeakingexercisesasfollows:2periodsPreviewB.HavethestudentslistentoEx.1(2-3times)andfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;C.Askonestudenttoreadaloudthetalk,sothestudentscanchecktheircompletedanswers;TimeContentsPlans.t.p.2TheLanguageforExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyA.Giveabrieflead-intalkoncertaintiesanduncertaintiesinlife;ListeningandSpeaking2)ExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyGothroughthenewwordsandexpressionsfortheconversationinEx.3;A.B.Havethestudentslistentotheconversationtwiceandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;TimeContentsPlans.t.p.3D.OrganizeanactivityaroundEx.2,andmakesurestudentsknowhowtoexpresscertaintyanduncertaintyusingthelanguagetheyhavejustlearned.D.Nowhavethemidentifythelanguageusedtoexpresscertaintyanduncertaintyintheconversation;TimeContentsPlans.t.p.3E.Next,askthestudentstorole-playtheconversation.C.Havethestudentslistentotheconversationagainandaskthemtoanswerthequestionsabouttheconversation;3)Follow-upPractice(Options)TimeContentsPlans.t.p.4ListentotheconversationinEx.7,dothefollowingexercises,andinvitesomestudentstosaytheiranswersoutloud.Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething;ListentotherecordinginEx.8andaskthestudentstorespondbytranslatingtherepliesinChineseorallyintoEnglish;B.C.GothroughthewordsandexpressionsintheadinEx.6andthenhavethestudentsdothequestionexercisesasindicated.Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething;A.TimeContentsPlanGroupthestudentsinpairsandhavethemdevelopquestionsandanswersbetweenaudienceandspeakerbasedontheshorttalkinEx.4.ThenhavethemdoEx.9andEx.10individuallyastheirhomework.Makesuretoexplaintheseexercisesinadvanceandtopresenttopic-relatedexpressionsontheblackboard;thesecanbeusedwhenthestudentsprepareoralpresentations.D.s.t.p.53periodsReviewoftheListeningandSpeakingSkillstheStudentsHaveLearnedTheteacherbeginstheassignmentmainlytoreviewthefunctionalandnotionallanguagethestudentspickedupinthepreviousclasses.Theteacherasksoneortwopairsofstudentstoactouttheconversationbetweenareporterandabusinessman/businesswoman,andtheninvitesseveralstudentseithertotelltheclasstheirinterpretationofs.t.p.6TimeContentsPlanthepictureinEx.9ortopresenttheiropinionsorallyonthetopicof“WorkandLeisure.”Afterthat,theteacherturnstotheReadingandWritingsection.(Theseactivitiesshouldbecompletedin15minutes.)s.t.p.6TimeContentsPlan1)StarterAfterabriefexplanationoftheinstructions,theteacherA.givesthestudentsafewminutestothinkaboutthequestionsinthestarter;s.t.p.5TimeContentsPlanTextA&Text-relatedExercisesB.invitessomestudentstorespondtothequestions.(10minutes)s.t.p.5TimeContentsPlan2)TextAA.Theteacherasksthestudentstoanswerthetext-relatedquestions,helpsthemidentifythemainideaofeachparagraphandanalyzesthedifficultsentencesandlanguagepointswhilediscussingthewholetextwiththestudents(oneandahalfperiods);B.guidesthestudentsthroughtheexercises,focusingoncertainonesandleavingothersasthestudents’homeworkaccordingtothestudents’differentlevelsofEnglish(oneperiod).s.t.p.6TimeContentsPlans.t.p.61periodGrammarReviewTheteachertalksabouttheuseofattributiveclauses(2)andatthesametime,asksthestudentstodothegrammarexercisesinclass.TimeContentsPlanPracticalWritingTheteacherbothtellsandshowsthestudentshowtowriteasalesletterbydoingEx.14ofPracticalWriting,andthenrequiresthestudentstodoEx.15astheirhomework.s.t.p.7TimeContentsPlan2periods1)TextBWhilediscussingthetextwiththestudents,theteachercallsonthestudentstopayattentiontothestructureoftheparagraphsofthetextandasksthemtoanswerthefollowingquestionsaboutit.Ex.17andEx.18canbedoneeitherinclassorafterclass.TextB&Text-relatedExercisess.t.p.82)PracticalReadingThispartshouldeitherbereadbythestudentsthemselvesastheirhomeworkordoneinclass.TimeContentsPlan3)BasicReadingSkillsTheteacherexplainsfigurativelanguagetothestudentsandasksthemtodotheexercisesinBasicReadingSkills.PracticalReadingBasicReadingSkillsⅢ.BackgroundInformationTheInternetUsesoftheInternetBackgroundInformationChat(online)BackgroundInformation-TheInternet-1TheInternetTheInternetisacomputer-basedglobalinformationsystem.Itiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.Eachnetworkmaylinktens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofcomputers,enablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanotherandtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerfulsupercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtoeffectivelyandinexpensivelycommunicatewithoneanother.Unliketraditionalbroadcastingmedia,suchasradioandtelevision,theInternetdoesnothaveacentralizeddistributionsystem.Instead,anindividualwhohasInternetaccesscanBackgroundInformation-TheInternet-2TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernment,business,andeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetforinternalcommunication,distributionofinformation,andautomatedtaxprocessing.Inadditiontoofferinggoodsandservicesonlinetocustomers,businessesusetheInternettointeractwithotherbusinesses.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforshopping,payingbills,andonlinebanking.EducationalinstitutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodelivercoursestostudentsatremotesites.communicatedirectlywithanyoneelseontheInternet,makeinformationavailabletoothers,findinformationprovidedbyothers,orsellproductswithaminimumoverheadcost.UsesoftheInternetFromitsinceptioninthe1970suntilthelate1980stheInternetwasaU.S.government-fundedcommunicationandresearchtoolrestrictedalmostexclusivelytoacademicandmilitaryuses.Asgovernmentrestrictionswereliftedintheearly1990s,theInternetbecamecommercial.In1995theWorldWideWeb(WWW)replacedastheapplicationusedformostInternettraffic.ThedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWebissimilartothedistinctionbetweenahighwaysystemandapackagedeliveryservicethatusesthehighwaystomovecargofromonecitytoanother.TheInternetisthehighwaysystemoverwhichWebBackgroundInformation-UsesoftheInternet-1trafficandtrafficfromotherapplicationsmove.TheWebconsistsofprogramsrunningonmanycomputersthatallowausertofindanddisplaymultimediadocuments(documentsthatcontainacombinationoftext,photographs,graphics,audio,andvideo).ManyanalystsattributetheexplosioninuseandpopularityoftheInternettothevisualnatureofWebdocuments.Bytheendof2000,WebtrafficdominatedtheInternet—morethan80percentofalltrafficontheInternetcamefromtheWeb.Companies,individuals,andinstitutionsusetheInternetinmanyways.CompaniesusetheInternetforelectroniccommerce,alsocallede-commerce,includingadvertising,BackgroundInformation-UsesoftheInternet-1BackgroundInformation-UsesoftheInternet-2selling,buying,distributingproducts,andprovidingcustomerservice.Inaddition,companiesusetheInternetforbusiness-to-businesstransactions,suchasexchangingfinancialinformationandaccessingcomplexdatabases.BusinessesandinstitutionsusetheInternetforvoiceandvideoconferencingandotherformsofcommunicationthatenablepeopletotelecommute(workawayfromtheofficeusingacomputer).Theuseofelectronicmail(e-mail)speedscommunicationbetweencompanies,amongcoworkers,andamongotherindividuals.MediaandentertainmentcompaniesusetheInternetforonlinenewsandweatherservicesandtobroadcastaudioandvideo,BackgroundInformation-UsesoftheInternet-2includingliveradioandtelevisionprograms.Onlinechatallowspeopletocarryondiscussionsusingwrittentext.ScientistsandscholarsusetheInternettocommunicatewithcolleagues,performresearch,distributelecturenotesandcoursematerialstostudents,andpublishpapersandarticles.IndividualsusetheInternetforcommunication,entertainment,findinginformation,andbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices.BackgroundInformation-Chat(online)-1Chat(online)Chat(online)referstosimultaneoustextcommunicationbetweentwoormorepeopleviacomputer.Chatissynchronous—onepersontypesamessageontheirkeyboard,andthepeoplewithwhomtheyarechattingseethemessageappearontheirmonitorsandcanrespondalmostimmediately.Otherkindsofcomputercommunicationareasynchronous.E-mail,forexample,maynotbedeliveredorreaduntilminutesorhoursafteritissent,andanyresponseneednotbeimmediate.Chatrequireseachusertohaveacomputerconnectedtoanelectronicnetwork.ThenetworkmightbealocalareaBackgroundInformation-Chat(online)-1networkwithinabusiness,oritmightbetheInternet.Usersalsoneedachatsystem,softwarethatcontrolstheconnectionbetweenthecomputersofthepeoplewhoarechatting.Manychatsystemsarefree.Chatismostcommonlyusedforsocialinteraction.Forexample,peoplemightusechattodiscusstopicsofsharedinterestortomeetotherpeoplewithsimilarinterests.Businessesandeducationalinstitutionsareincreasinglyusingchataswell.Somecompaniesholdlargeonlinechatmeetingstotellemployeesaboutnewbusinessdevelopments.SuchmeetingsareparticularlyusefulforBackgroundInformation-Chat(online)-2companieswhoseemployeesarespreadoutgeographically—companieswithlargesalesforces,forexample.Smallworkgroupswithinacompanymayusechattocoordinatetheirwork.Ineducation,teachersusechattohelpstudentspracticelanguageskillsandtoprovidementoringtostudents.Historystudentsmaychatwithelderswholivedthroughtheperiodofhistorythestudentsarestudying.Sciencestudentsmaychatwithprofessionalscientists.ClassPresentation.listⅣ.ClassPresentationListening&SpeakingReading&WritingTimeforFunListening&Speaking.listListening&SpeakingTheLanguageforExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyFollow-upPracticeTheLanguageforMakingaPromise.mianTheLanguageforExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyYouaregoingtolistentoaninstructortalkingaboutexpressingcertaintyanduncertainty.Listencarefullyandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.Askyourclassmatesiftheyarecertainaboutthepromisestheymadeatthebeginningofthesemester.DuringtheshortconversationsusethelanguageyouhavejustlearnedinEx.1.MakingaPromise.listFollow-uppracticeReadthefollowingwordsandexpressionswhichmaybenewtoyou.Readthefollowingwordsandexpressionswhichmaybenewtoyou.1)Readaloudtheabovepassageandthendeliveritasashortspeechinclass.2)Pretendyouareahighlysuccessfulbusinessman/businesswomanorWoodrowWilson,the28thPresidentoftheU.S.,anddramatizethedialogueinclass.MakingaPromise.listFollow-uppracticeListentwicetothetapedconversationbelowbetweenamanagerandasecretarywhoseroleyouaresupposedtoplay.First,writedownyouranswerstothequestionsduringthetimedpauses.Second,sayyouranswersoutloud.Listenand,duringthetimedpauses,translateorallyintoEnglishtheChinesesentencesineachofthefollowingthreeshortconversations.Takeacloselookatthefollowingdiagram.Thinkaboutitforoneminute.Thengiveatwo-minuteoralpresentationtotelltheclasswhatyouthinkthediagramtellsus.Haveadiscussiononthetopicbelow.InEnglish,whilepreparingforwhatwillhappeninthefuture,wesay,“Hopeforthebestbutprepare.”LS-TheLanguage-1.1Youaregoingtolistentoaninstructortalkingaboutexpressingcertaintyanduncertainty.Listencarefullyandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.TheLanguageforExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyInstructor:fortheworst______________Lifeconstantlypresentscertaintiesanduncertainties.Butonethingissure:lifemanymoreuncertaintiesthancertainties.That’swhyitissaidthatlifeisfullofuncertainty.lifeisallabout,theunknown.Naturally,wearetoexpresscertaintysometimes;yetsometimeswemustutteranuncertaintywhenwehavereasontobehesitant(犹豫不决).LS-TheLanguage-1.1confidentenough___________________Thatiswhat_____________bringsabout_____________Theexpressionsofbothdependonourinstinctsaswellas.Whenwearecertain,webelieveallevidencesupportsourreasoning.Similarly,whenweareuncertain,ourdoubtscannotbe.withoutreason________________logicalreasoning__________________LS-TheLanguage-1.2Fromourexpressionsofcertaintyanduncertainty,canbeperceived(感知).Enlargeyourlanguageexpressingcertaintyanduncertainty:1.ASKINGIFSOMEONEISCERTAINABOUTSOMETHING—Areyoucertainabout?—Areyouconvincedof?—Areyoupositive?—Doyouknowforcertain?—Canyoureallybesureof?—Canyousaywithanycertainty(that)?—Isthereanydoubtabout?—PerhapsImisunderstood,butareyouquitecertain?ourpersonality________________thingswillchange___________________theresults____________hispromise_____________hishonesty____________whatyouaredoing____________________howtodoit_____________hewillgivemeasurprise____________________________thisbeingtrue_______________LS-TheLanguage-1.32.EXPRESSINGCERTAINTYINSHORTFORM—Ibet.—That’sforsure.—I’msure(ofthat).—I’mcertain(ofthat).—I’mquiteconvinced.—That’smyconviction.—Itcan’tbeotherwise.—I’venodoubt(aboutthat).—I’mabsolutelypositiveaboutthat.—Therecan’tbeanydoubtaboutthat.—Idon’tthinkIhaveanydoubtaboutthat.—It’sunquestionable.LS-TheLanguage-1.43.EXPRESSINGUNCERTAINTYINSHORTFORM—I’mnotsure.—Ican’tbecertain.—Ihavenoidea.—I’mnottoosureofit.—It’shardtotell.—Ican’tworkitout.—Ican’tsayforcertain/sure.—I’mafraidIcan’tbecertainaboutit.LS-TheLanguage-2Askyourclassmatesiftheyarecertainaboutthepromisestheymadeatthebeginningofthesemester.DuringtheshortconversationsusethelanguageyouhavejustlearnedinEx.1.LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.1ExpressingCertaintyandUncertaintyBeforeyoulistentotheupcomingconversation,readthefollowingwordsandexpressionswhichmaybenewtoyou.hangoutcomputercafédozeoff鬼混，泡网吧打盹Sowhat?addictedfinals那又怎么样呢？上了瘾的期末考试LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.2Listentothefollowingconversationtwiceandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.WangYing:LiMing,areyousureofwhatyouaredoingthesedays?LiMing:Iknow.WangYing:Ohreally?Doyouknowwhyyouhangoutsolongatthecomputercafé?LiMing:Huh,youhavebeenfollowingme,haven’tyou?WangYing:youdozedoffinclassthismorning?LiMing:DidI?Youknow,Istayeduplatelastnight.WangYing:Atthecomputercafé?forcertainwhatIamdoingAndhowcome____________________________________________LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.2LiMing:Sowhat?CanyoureallywhatIdidthere?WangYing:Ican’tsayforcertain.Butyoulookaddictedtothecomputer.It’snotgoodforyourhealthandstudies.aboutit.besureofThere’snoquestion________________________________LiMing:Iknowwhatyoumean.Buttellyouwhat.It’sreallyfungoingonline.WangYing:Listen.Howaboutyourstudies?I’msureyou’llfailifyougoonlikethis.LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.3LiMing:Ohyeah?Finalsaren’taroundthecorner..WangYing:I’msureyouknowwhatyou’resupposedtobedoingoncampus.yourdirectionatthemoment?LiMing:Yes,I’msureofit.But…Butareyoucertainof________________________Takeiteasy_____________LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.4Nowlistentotheconversationagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatisWangYingconcernedabout?SheisconcernedabutwhatLiMingisdoingthesedays.2.WhatdidLiMingdoinclassthismorning?Hedozedoffintheclassroom.3.WhydidLiMingfeelsleepythismorning?Becausehehadstayedupverylateatthecomputercafélastnight.LS-ExpressingCertainty-3.44.WhydoesWangYingtrytostopLiMingfromgoingtothecomputercafé?Becauseheseemstobeaddictedtocomputers,whichisnotgoodforhishealthandstudies.5.WhatdoesWangYingwarnLiMingagainst?ShewarnsLiMingagainstthedirectionheistaking.Readthefollowingwordsandexpressionswhichmaybenewtoyou.Follow-upPractice4.1Follow-upPracticeloosemakeone’sdreamsreal放松的，松弛的，自由的实现梦想Follow-upPractice4.2Readthefollowingpassagesilentlywhilelisteningtotherecording.Thequestionwasonceaskedofahighlysuccessfulbusinessman,“Howhaveyoudonesomuchinyourlifetime?”Hereplied,“Ihavedreamed.IhaveturnedmymindloosetoimaginewhatIwantedtodo.ThenIhavegonetobedandthoughtaboutmydreams.InthenightIdreamtaboutmydreams.AndwhenIawokeinthemorning,Isawthewaytomakemydreamsreal.Whileotherpeopleweresaying,‘Youcan’tdothat.Itisn’tpossible.’IwaswellonmywaytoachievingwhatIwanted.”Follow-upPractice4.2AsWoodrowWilson,28thPresidentoftheU.S.,said,“Wegrowgreatbydreams.Allbigmenaredreamers.”Soplease,don’tletanyonestealyourdreams,ortrytotellyoutheyaretooimpossible.Follow-upPractice5Readaloudtheabovepassageandthendeliveritasashortspeechinclass.2)Pretendyouareahighlysuccessfulbusinessman/businesswomanorWoodrowWilson,the28thPresidentoftheU.S.,anddramatizethedialogueinclass.Follow-upPractice6Readthefollowingwordsandexpressionswhichmaybenewtoyou.wire电传shipment交运的货物exchangerate汇率routing发送peakseason销售旺季customsclearance结关,海关放行check检查,核对invoice发票,发货单,货物packing包装,打包;装箱duty进口关税Pretendyouareamanagerofanimportandcompany.Readthefollowingannouncementontheofficenoticeboard.Follow-upPractice6-1Askthreequestionstobetterknowwhatisgoingoninyourbusinessatthemoment(writedownyourquestionsifnecessary).Question1abouttheexchangerate:Question2abouttheshipmentdate:Follow-upPractice6-2a.What’stheexchangeratetoday?b.Doyouknowtoday’sexchangerate?c.Haveyoucheckedtoday’sexchangerate?a.Haveyoucheckedwhentheshipmentflies?b.Doyouknowwhentheshipmentflies?c.What’sthedateoftheshipment?Question3aboutthecustomer:Actoutthesituationbrieflyinclass.Follow-upPractice6-2a.Doyouhaveanyideahowtoholdontothatcustomer?b.Haveyoufoundanysolutiontothatcustomer’sproblem?c.Whatcanbedonesoasnottolosethecustomer?Listentwicetothetapedconversationbelowbetweenamanagerandasecretarywhoseroleyouaresupposedtoplay.First,writedownyouranswerstothequestionsduringthetimedpauses.Second,sayyouranswersoutloud.Follow-upPractice7-1Follow-upPractice7-2Goodmorning,Mr.Green.Goodmorning,Anna.Anymailforme?Oh,yes.Hereyouare.Thanks.Haveyouwiredthemoneytothesupplier?Howabouttheshipment?Ohyes,andhavetheyfoundanysolutiontoholdontothatcustomer?He’sveryimportanttous.Secretary:Manager:Secretary:Manager:Secretary:Manager:Secretary:Manager:Secretary:Yes,Ihave.IdidityesterdayafternoonIhavecheckedwhentheshipmentflies.ThereisnochanceofdelayAsfarasIknow,theyarestilltrying.Iamsurethey’llcomeupwithasolution__________________________________________.___________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________________________________________________________.Follow-upPractice7-2Good.Yourcoffeeisready.Thanks.Iamexpectingaveryimportantcall.I’lltakecareofthatwhenitcomesin.Actouttheaboveconversationinclass.Manager:Secretary:Manager:Secretary:Listenand,duringthetimedpauses,translateorallyintoEnglishtheChinesesentencesineachofthefollowingthreeshortconversations.AMaleVoice:Yes,Miss.ThisisMr.MichaelLi.I’dliketomakeanappointmenttoseeMr.Green.You:好的，我查一下。格林先生只有星期二或星期四有空。哪一天对您较适合？OK.Let’ssee.Mr.GreenisavailableonlyonTuesdayorThursday.Whichdaywouldbebetterforyou?Follow-upPractice8Follow-upPractice8AFemaleVoice:I’vebeenhavingtroublewithmyresearchproject.Woulditbeconvenienttoseeyoutoday?You:当然，我的接待时间是10:00到12:00。你可在这段时间来，我们谈一下。Yes.Myofficehoursarefrom10:00tonoon.Youcancomeduringthattime.We’lltalkaboutit.IsthisyourfirstappointmentwithDr.Wang?Pleasefilloutthiscardandgiveitbacktome.Anursewillcallyournameandthedoctorwillbewithyouinafewminutes.AMaleVoice:I’vegotsometroublewithoneofmyteeth.Thepain’skillingme.You:这是你第一次找王医生看病吗？请把这张卡填好交给我。一会儿护士会叫你的名字，然后王医生就给你看病。Follow-upPractice8-2Actouttheaboveconversationsinclass.Takeacloselookatthefollowingdiagram.Thinkaboutitforoneminute.Thengiveatwo-minuteoralpresentationtotelltheclasswhatyouthinkthediagramtellsus.Follow-upPractice9.1DailyLeisureHoursonWeekdaysinShanghaiFollow-upPractice9.2Thefollowingexpressionsmayhelpyourpresentation:1)leisurehours空闲时间2)arecentstudy最近的一次调查3)accountfor占…（百分比）4)respectively各自地；分别地5)ametropolis一座大城市6)afinancialandtradecenter一个金融贸易中心7)thelivingpace生活节奏8)workunderpressure在压力下工作9)managestress应付压力Follow-upPractice9.310)Shanghailocals上海本