unit 9 A MORE PERFECT UNON（课堂PPT)

AdvancedEnglishBook1Lesson9AMorePerfectUnion-----Bygroup4BackgroundinformationVocabularyandParaphraseStructureLesson9AMorePerfectUnionAdvancedEnglishBook1Lesson9AMorePerfectUnionAbout“AMorePerfectUnion”——thespeechwasdeliveredonmarch18,2008,duringObama’scampaignforpresidency.ThiswastoresponsetotheJeremiahWrightcontroversy.JeremiahWrightwasthepastorofObama’strinityunitedchurchofChristinChicagoandalsoaparticipantinObama’scampaign.Rev.Dr.JeremiahWrighthasbeencaughtontapesayingvicious,racist,andun-Americanthings.AdvancedEnglishBook1Lesson9AMorePerfectUnionRev.WrightsaidthatSept.11wassomehowthefaultofAmerica,andnow“American’schickensarecominghometoroost.”Therefore,Obamasufferedahugecrisisofconfidence.AdvancedEnglishBook1BarackHusseinObamaisthe44thandcurrentPresidentoftheUnitedStates.HeisthefirstAfricanAmericantoholdtheoffice.Hebeganhispresidentialcampaignin2007,andin2008,afteracloseprimarycampaignagainstHillaryRodhamClinton,hewonsufficientdelegatesintheDemocraticpartyprimariestoreceivethepresidentialnomination.HethendefeatedRepublicannomineeJohnMcCaininthegeneralelection,andwasinauguratedaspresidentonJanuary20,2009.Ninemonthslater,Obamawasnamedthe2009NobelPeacePrizelaureate.Hewasre-electedpresidentinNovember2012,defeatingRepublicannomineeMittRomney.HeisthefirstDemocratsinceFranklinD.Roosevelttowintwopresidentialelectionswithamajorityofthepopularvote.Lesson9AMorePerfectUnionAdvancedEnglishBook1Lesson9AMorePerfectUnionAdvancedEnglishBook1TrinityUnitedChurchofChristTrinityUnitedChurchofChristisapredominantlyAfrican-Americanchurchwithmorethan8,500members,locatedonthesouthwestsideofChicago.ItisthelargestchurchaffiliatedwiththeUnitedChurchofChrist,apredominantlywhiteChristiandenominationwithrootsinCongregationalism,whichbranchedfromAmericanPuritanism.Thechurch'searlyhistorycoincidedwiththeAmericancivilrightsmovement,subsequentdeathofMartinLutherKing,Jr.,andtheturmoilthatenteredthemovementafterhisdeath.Duringthattumultuousperiod,aninfluxofradicalblackMuslimgroupshadbeguntoheadquarterinChicago,andTrinitysoughttorecontextualizeChristianitythroughblackliberationtheologyinordertocountertheinfluenceofradicalblackMuslimleaders,whotaughtthatitwasimpossibletobebothBlackandChristian.Trinityisbestknowntodayforitssocialprogramsonbehalfofthedisadvantaged,bothnationallyandinternationally,althoughinitsearliestdayssuchoutreachdidnotevenfigureinitsmission.Inearly2008,aspartoftheirpresidentialelectioncoverage,newsmediaoutletsandpoliticalcommentatorsbroughtTrinitytonationalattentionwhencontroversialexcerptsofsermonsbythechurch'slongtimepastorJeremiahWrightwerebroadcasttohighlightDemocraticpresidentialcandidateBarackObama'srelationshipwithWrightandthechurch.Obamarespondedwithaspeech,AMorePerfectUnion,whichaddressedthecriticisms.Inthe1800stheslaveswerefreedbyPresidentAbrahamLincoln.Afterthisstartinginaboutthe1870sJimCrowlawswereintroduced.Theselawspromotedtheidea"separatebutequal",meaningthattheracesalthoughhavingtobeindifferentareasandnotallowedtointerminglewereequal.Lesson9AMorePerfectUnionAdvancedEnglishBook1Whatisthethemeoftheaddress?Whereisitstated? WhatisObama’sstory?Whydidhecallit“mystory”?3.DidObama’sethnicbackgroundputhiminanadvantageouspositionduringthecampaign?Whatracialissuedidheconfront?Pre-questions4.SomepeoplequestionedObama’sattitudeeventhoughhecondemnedReverendWright’sremarks.Why?5.HowdidObamadescribeReverendWrightinPara.18?HowdidObamadescribetheTrinityUnitedChurchofChristinPara.20?6.WhatistherelationshipbetweenReverendWrightandObama?WhatdidObamameanwhenhesaidhecouldnotdisownReverendWright?7.WhatremarksdidReverendWrightmakethatcompelledObamatocondemnthem?WhatwasthefundamentalmistakemadebyWright?HowisObama’scondemnationrelatedtothetitleofhisaddress“AMorePerfectUnion”?8.IsraceanessentialissueintheelectioninObama’sopinion?Why?9.HowaresomanyofthedisparitiesthatexistsintheAfrican-AmericancommunitytodayrelatedtothepastofslaveryandJimcrow?VocabularyandParaphrase1.Farmersandscholars;statesmenandpatriotswhohadtraveledacrossanoceantoescapetyrannyandpersecution…thatlastedthroughthespringof1787.tyranny:n.unfairorcrueluseofpowerorauthorityParaphrase:Theearlysettlers,includingfarmers,scholars,statesmenandpatriotssailedacrosstheAtlanticoceantoescapemisruleandpersecution.TheyeventuallyturnedtheconceptsembodiedinthedeclarationofindependenceintoarticlesintheConstitutionattheConstitutionalConventionwhichwasheldinthePhiladelphiaStateHouseinthespringof1787.2.Thedocumenttheyproducedwaseventuallysignedbutultimatelyunfinished.Paraphrase:Afterheateddebateandcompromises,theConstitutionwasfinallyadoptedbytheConstitutionalConventionand39outof55delegatessignedthedocument.But“three-fifths”clauseandthetwentyyearsallowedfortheslavetradeshowedtheslaveissuewasnotsolved,sotheprocessofformingamoreperfectuniondidnotendwiththeenforcementoftheConstitution.3.Itwasstainedbythisnation'soriginalsinofslavery…andtoleaveanyfinalresolutiontofuturegenerations.Stain:n.changethecolorofsth.;leaveormakemarksonsth.,esp.onesthataredifficulttoremove.stalemate:n.asituationinwhichneithersideinanargumentorcontestcanwinorinwhichnoprogressispossible.resolution:n.solution/makearesolutiontodoParaphrase:ItwasdishonoredbyslaverywhichisAmericanoriginalsin.Whethertheslaveryshouldbekeptbecameaquestionwhichdividedthecoloniesandmadetheconventioncometoahalt.Finally,thefoundersofAmericandecidedtoallowtheslavetradetocontinueforatleasttwentyyears,andtoleavethequestiontofuturegenerations.4.Ofcourse,theanswertotheslaveryquestionwasalreadyembeddedwithinourConstitution…andaunionthatcouldbeandshouldbeperfectedovertime.embedded:v.fixsomethingdeeplyandfirmlyintosomethingelse.( implant，engraft)Paraphrase:Ofcourse,theresolutionoftheslaveryissuewasalreadyincludedunderthelaw.AccordingtotheConstitution,itspeopleshouldenjoyliberty,justice,andaunionthatcouldbeandshouldbeperfectedovertime.5.Andyetwordsonaparchmentwouldnotbeenoughtodeliverslavesfrombondage,orprovidemenandwomenofeverycolorandcreedtheirfullrightsandobligationsascitizensoftheUnitedStates.parchment:n.asubstancemadefromanimalskin,usedinthepastforwritingon;adocument,manuscript,ordiplomaonparchment.bondage:n.thestateofbeingaslaveorprisoner.Paraphrase:However,theConstitutionoranylawisnotenoughtosettheslavesfreeortogiveAmericanpeopleofdifferentoriginsorbeliefsequalrights.6.WhatwouldbeneededwereAmericansinsuccessivegenerations…promiseofouridealsandtherealityoftheirtime.disobedience:n.failureorrefusaltoobey.Paraphrase:Onlythroughriskyprotestsandstrugglesindifferentforms,suchasonthestreet,inthecourts,throughawar,wouldgenerationaftergenerationofAmericansucceedinnarrowingthegapbetweentherightspromisedintheConstitutionandtherealityoftheirtime.6.IchosetorunforthePresidentat…andourgrandchildren.Paraphrase:IchosetorunforthePresidencyatthiscriticalmomentinhistorybecauseIfirmlybelievethatonlywesolvethechallengestogethercanwesolvethem.Despitedifferentstorieswehave,weholdcommonhopes.Despitedifferentappearanceswehaveanddifferentplaceswecomefrom,weallwanttomakeabetterfutureforlatergenerations.Onlyweunderstandthatcanweperfectourunion.7.ButitalsocomesfrommyownAmericanstory.Paraphrase:Mypersonalbackgroundandmysuccessstory,risingfromragstoriches,alsoteachesmetheimportanceofunity.7.IwasraisedwiththehelpofawhitegrandfatherwhosurvivedaDepressiontoserveinPatton'sArmyduringWorldWarIIandawhitegrandmother…whilehewasoverseas.Paraphrase:Iwasraisedwiththehelpofmygrandparentswhoarewhite.Mygrandfatherlivedthroughthedepression,andduringWorldWarⅡhewasfightingunderGeneralPatton.Atthattime,mygrandmotherworkedonabomberassemblylineatFortLeavenworth.8.I'vegonetosomeofthebestschoolsinAmericaandlivedinoneoftheworld'spoorestnations…aninheritancewepassontoourtwopreciousdaughters.Paraphrase:IhavestudiedinsomeofthebestschoolsinAmericaandlivedinoneoftheworld'spoorestnations.MywifeisablackAmericanwomanwhocarriesthebloodofslavesandslaveownerswhichisinheritedourtwobeloveddaughters.9.Ihavebrothers,sisters,nieces,nephews,unclesandcousins,ofeveryraceandeveryhue,scatteredacrossthreecontinents…thatinnoothercountryonEarthismystoryevenpossible.hue:n.colorParaphrase:Myrelativesofdifferentracesandcolorslivedscatteredacrossthreecontinents.IwillalwaysrememberthatmystoryisonlypossibleinAmericaandIcanbecomewhatIamonlyinAmerica.10.It'sastorythathasn'tmademethemostconventionalcandidate.Butitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeup…wearetrulyone.sear:v.tocausesb.tofeelsuddenandunpleasant.Paraphrase:Mylifeexperiencehasinfuseddeeplyinmetheconceptthattheunitedstatesisnotjustatotalofaddingallthestatesoralltheelementstogetherbutistheproductoffusion,ofsharingthesamecreed.11.Throughoutthefirstyearofthiscampaign,againstallpredictionstothecontrary,wesawhowhungrytheAmericanpeoplewereforthismessageofunity.Paraphrase:InspiteofallannouncementsthatAmericawasnotreadyforablackpresident,thatIwouldfailinthecampaign,wegainedmomentuminthefirstyearofthecampaign,whichshowedthattheAmericapeopledemandedunityandchange..12.Despitethetemptation…powerfulcoalitionofAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericanscommanding:adj.authoritativeandpowerful.coalition:n.alliancebetweenpoliticalpartier.deem:n.haveaparticularopinionaboutsomethingParaphrase:peoplecouldn’thelpjudgemefromtheperspectiveofablackcandidate,raisingthequestionofwhethertheunitedstateswouldfarebetterwithablackpresident.Howeverwewongreatvictorieseveninsomeofthemoreconservativestates,stateswithastrongerlyracialbias.WesucceededinunitingAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericansinSouthCarolina,whichwasoneoftheConfederatestatesintheCivilwar.13.Wesawracialtensionsbubbletothesurface…butblackandbrownaswell.exitpoll:n.theactivityofaskingpeoplewhotheyhavevotedtodiscoverthelikelyresults.polarization:n.thesituationofhavingorgivingpolarity.Paraphrase:theweekbeforetheDemocratsweretoselecttheirdelegatestothenationalconventioninSouthCarolina,attacksonme,onblacksbecamemorefrequent,moreintense.Thepresshadpollsofpeoplewhohadjustvotedthoroughlytofindevidenceofpeopledividingintotwoopposinggroups,intermsofwhiteandblack,aswellasblackandbrown.14.Ononeendofthespectrum,we'veheardtheimplicationthatmycandidacyissomehowanexerciseinaffirmativeaction…purchaseracialreconciliationonthecheap.spectrum:n.acompleteorwiderangeofrelatedqualities,ideas,etc.onthecheap:spendinglessmoneythanneed.affirmative:adj.expressingagreementreconciliation:n.asituationinwhichtwopeople,countriesetc.becomefriendlywitheachotheragainafterquarreling.Paraphrase:Atoneendoftheentirerangeofopinion,therearepeoplewhosaythatIdecidedtorunbecauseIwantedtoshowblackandwhiteshouldhaveequalopportunityandIwantedtoplayonthedesiresofnaïveliberalstoachieveracialharmonywithoutmakinggreatefforts.15.Ontheotherend,…pastor,ReverendJeremiahWright,useincendiary…butviewsthatdenigrateboththegreatness…blackalike.pastor:n.aChristianpriestinsomeprotestantchurches.incendiary:adj.anincendiaryspeech,pieceofwritingetc.isintendedtomakepeopleangry.denigrate:vt.tocriticizesb./sth.unfairly;tosaysb./sth.doesnothaveanyvalueorisnotimportant.unequivocal:adj.expressingyouropinionorintentionveryclearlyParaphrase:Attheotherendofthewiderangeofopinions,JeremiahWrightwaswrongbecausetheimproperlanguageheusedinexpressinghisviews,wouldnotonlywidenthegapbetweendifferentracesbutattackonthebasicnatureofAmericaasanations.Hiswordscausedtheangerandcondemnationofbothwhiteandblack.16.DidIknowhimtobean…priests,orrabbiswithwhichyoustronglydisagreed.rabbis:(titleofa)spiritualleaderofaJewishcongregation;teacheroftheJewishlawParaphrase:IdidknowthatsometimeshecriticizedAmericandomesticandforeignpolicy.IdidhearthathemadedisputedcommentswhileIwasinchurch.Ididstronglydisagreewithmanyofhispoliticalviews.However.Iamsuremanyofyoumayhavesimilarexperiencessothisisnotuniquetome.17.Instead,theydistortedview…asendemic…intheactionsofstalwart…emanatingfromtheperverseandhatefulideologiesofradicalIslam.distort:vt.giveafalseaccountof(sth.).endemic:adj.regularlyfoundinaparticularplaceoramongaparticulargroupofpeopleanddifficulttogetridof.emanatefrom:tocomefromsomethingorsomewhere.stalwart:adj.loyalunequivocal:adj.expressingyouropinionorintentionveryclearlyprofess:v.tostateapersonalfeelingorbeliefopenly.perverse:adj.markedbyadispositiontoopposeandcontradictideology:n.anorientationthatcharacterizesthethinkingofagroupornationParaphrase:Wright'sviewwereagrossdistortionofAmerica.Ontheonehand,WrightconsideredwhiteracismasaninseparablepartofAmerica,leavingoutallthegoodcharacteristicswhichweassociatedwithAmerica.Ontheotherhand,WrightthoughtthatthecauseofconflictintheMiddleEastliedwithIsrael,notradicalIslam.18.AndIconfess…thesnippetsofthosesermonsthathaveruninanendlessloopon…beingpeddledbysomecommentators,…inmuchthesameway.snippet:n.asmallofnews,information,orconversation.sermon:n.atalkgivenaspartofaChristianchurchservice,onareligiousormoralsubject.loop:n.apieceofrope,wire,etc.intheshapeofacurveorcircle.peddle:vt.offer(ideas,gossip,etc)toindividualpeople.seminary:n.collegefortrainingpriestsorrabbis.cringe:v.drawback,aswithfearorpainepisode:n.ahappeningthatisdistinctiveinaseriesofrelatedeventsParaphrase:IfReverendWrightwerethepersonrepresentedbytherepeatedlyshownpieceofsermonsonTVandInternet,iftheTrinityUnitedChurchofChristweretheonedescribedtothepublicbysomecommentators,Iwouldhavelongdesertedthemwithoutdoubt.19.Thosestories-ofsurvival,andfreedom,andhope-becameourstory,mystory;thebloodthathadspilledwasourblood…intoalargerworld.spill:v.causeorallow(aliquidsubstance)torunorflowfromacontainerParaphrase:Thestories,thehistory,thestruggle,thespiritbecamepartofblackpeopleandtheblackchurchpassedthemontofuturegenerationsandspreadthentotheworldbeyondtheblackcommunityasaship.20.Ourtrialsandtriumphsbecame…inchroniclingourjourney,thestoriesandsongsgaveusameanstoreclaim…wecouldstarttorebuild.’’triumph:n.beingsuccessfulorvictorious.chronicle:vt.torecordeventsintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.reclaim:v.recoverpossessionofsth.Paraphrase:Thesufferingsandthevictorieswhichtheblackpeoplehadgonethroughwerenotlimitedtotheblackpeople;inrecallingthosestories,wewerefilledwithconfidenceanddidnotneedtofeelashamedofthepast.Theseproudmemoriesmightbestudiedandtreasuredbyallpeopleandwecouldbuildabrightfuturewiththem.21.Likeotherpredominantlyblackchurchesacrossthecountry…arefullofraucouslaughterandsometimesbawdyhumor.raucous:adj.impolite,noisyandviolent.bawdy:adj.(ofsongs,plays,etc.)loud,anddealingwithsexinanamusingway.Paraphrase:Trinityembracesalltypesofpeopleintothecommunity,thedoctorandwomenlivingongovernmentaid,goodkidsandformercriminalinthepast.ThereisloudlaughterandcoarsehumoratTrinityjustasotherblackchurches.22.Theyarefullofdancing,clapping,screamingandshoutingthatmayseemjarringtothe…andbiasthatmakeuptheblackexperienceinAmerica.jar:v.makingsomeonefeelannoyedorshocked.Paraphrase:Peoplewhoarenotfamiliarwithsuchpracticesmayfindtheserviceswhicharefullofdancing,clapping,screaming,andshouting,toonoisy,toorowdy.ThechurchcontainsbothgoodsideandbadsideoftheexperiencesoftheblacksinAmerican.23.Hestrengthenedmyfaith,officiatedmywedding,andbaptizedmychildren.…butcourtesyandrespect.officiate:vi.performhedutiesofanofficeorposition.baptize:v.administerbaptismtoderogatory:adj.showingahostileorcriticalattitude(tosb’sreputation,etc.)courtesy:n.goodmanners.stereotype:n.aconventionalorformulaicconceptionorimage.Paraphrase:Itwashewhoenhancedmyfaith,performedmyweddingceremonyandbaptizedmychildren.Ineverheardhimtalkaboutanyraceswithbadwords.Andhealwaysshowedrespectwhenassociatedwithwhitepeople24.IcannomoredisownhimthanIcandisowntheblackcommunity.disown:v.preventdeliberately(asbymakingawill)frominheritingParaphrase:Itsimportanttocasthimoffjustasitisimpossibleformetorepudiatetheblackcommunity.25.WecandismissReverendWrightasacrankorademagogue,justassomehavedismissedGeraldineFerraro,intheaftermathofherrecentstatements,asharboringsomedeep-seatedracialbias.dismiss:vt.refusetoconsiderone’sidea,opinionetc.crank:n.personwithstrangefixedideas,esp.onaparticularsubject.demagogue:n.apoliticalleaderwhotriestowinsupportbyusingargumentsbasedonemotionratherthanreason.aftermath:n.thesituationthatexistsasaresultofanimportant(andusuallyunpleasant)event,especiallyawar,anaccident,etc.Paraphrase:WecancondemnWrightasbeinganoddinstigatorandthenrejecthimandputhimoutofmindjustassomehavedonewithGeraldineFerraroaftershemadesomepoliticalpointswithracialprejudicerecently.ComprehensionofthetextMainidea:CallforeffortstowardsamoreperfectunionFocus:charactersandskillsTheme:aretrospectoftheraceissueintheU.S.StructurePart1Para.1-8Thispartbeginswithaquotationfromtheconstitution---“toformamoreperfectunion”andthestrugglesoftheformergenerations,leadingtooneofthetasksObamasetforthatthebeginningofthecampaign.Part2Para.9-23Foronething,ObamaemphasizesthemistakesinWright’s;foranother,headvisespeopletofindhismeritsbehindhismistakes,andtakesthepersonasonepartoftheDiverseAmerica.Part3Para.24-26Thispartpointsoutthatraceisanimportantissuethatneitherwhitenorblackcouldignore.QuestionsonthecontentThethemeoftheaddressisthatonlyAmericapeopleunitetogethercantheyperfecttheunion,cantheybuildamorejust,moreequal,freer,morecaringandmoreprosperousAmerica.ThisstatedinthepreambletotheUnitedStatesConstitution.1.Whatisthethemeoftheaddress?Whereisitstated? 2.WhatisObama’sstory?Whydidhecallit“mystory”?Obama'sstoryconsistsoftwoparts.Oneishisethnicbackground.Heisasonofablackmanandawhitewoman；hewasraisedbyhiswhitegrandparentsandmarriedablackwoman.Hehasrelativesofdifferentcolorsandcreeds.Theotherishisexperience.Hehaslivedinoneoftheworld'spoorestnations；hehasgonetosomeofthebestschoolsinAmerica.Hecalleditmystorybecausehislifeandexperienceisasuccessstoryofnon-whiteinAmericasociety.ItisanillustrationofAmericadream,bysayingthathecanappealtomanypotentialvoters.3.DidObama’sethnicbackgroundputhiminanadvantageouspositionduringthecampaign?Whatracialissuedidheconfront?No,Obama'sethnicbackgrounddidn’tputhiminanadvantageouspositionduringthecampaign.Somecommentatorshavedeemedhimeither“tooblack”or“notblackenough”.4.WhatremarksdidReverendWrightmakethatcompelledObamatocondemnthem?WhatwasthefundamentalmistakemadebyWright?HowisObama’scondemnationrelatedtothetitleofhisaddress“AMorePerfectUnion”?Theremarkshemadehadthepotentialnotonlytowidentheracialdivide,butalsodenigratebothgreatnessandgoodnessofAmerica,causingtheangerandcondemnationofboththewhiteandtheblack.ThefundamentalmistakemadebyWrightwasthattheyhadcausedcontroversyandinsomecasespain.5.SomepeoplequestionedObama’sattitudeeventhoughhecondemnedReverendWright’sremarks.Why?SomepeoplequestionedObama'sattitudeeventhoughhecondemnedReverendWright'sremarksbecausetheywerenotsurewhetherheknewWrighttobeanoccasionallyfiercecriticofAmericandomesticandforeignpolicy,whetherheheardWrightmakeremarksthatcouldbeconsideredcontroversialwhilehesatinthechurchandwhetherhedisagreedwithmanyofWright'spoliticalviews.6.HowdidObamadescribeReverendWrightinPara.18?HowdidObamadescribetheTrinityUnitedChurchofChristinPara.20?Inparagraph18,ObamadescribedReverendWrightasamanheknew.HementionedthevaluablethingsWrighttaughthimandWright'sservicestothecountry.Inparagraph20,ObamapointedouttheTrinityUnitedChurchofChristembodiedblackhistory,blackexperience,blackpeopleinthecommunity,andcomplexcontradictionlikeotherblackchurches.Itisimpossibletodefineitas“good”or“bad”.7.WhatistherelationshipbetweenReverendWrightandObama?WhatdidObamameanwhenhesaidhecouldnotdisownReverendWright?ObamaregardedReverendWrightashisfamilyeventhoughhewasimperfect.HemeantthatitwasimpossibleforhimtocastReverendWrightoffjustasitwasimpossibleforhimtorepudiatetheblackcommunity,becausetheywerepartofAmerica.8.IsraceanessentialissueintheelectioninObama’sopinion?Why?Yes,itisanessentialissueinhisopinion.Becausehestatedinparagraph25“raceisanissuethatIbelievethisnationcannotaffordtoignorerightnow.”9.HowaresomanyofthedisparitiesthatexistsintheAfrican-AmericancommunitytodayrelatedtothepastofslaveryandJimcrow?TherearesomanyofthedisparitiesexistingintheAfrican-Americancommunitytodaybecausetheproblemsofthepastslaveryhaven’tbeenreallyworkedthrough.TheinfluenceofJimCrow,whichleadstoracialdiscriminationstillexistsinAmerica.Questionsonstructureandstyle1.WhydoesObamabeginhisaddresswiththewords“wethepeople,inordertoformamoreperfectunion.”?Isi